Optical device comprising a plurality of units having at least two geometrically-differentiated tapered optical waveguides therein

• US 5,657,408 A
• Filed: 12/23/1994
• Issued: 08/12/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Alliedsignal Inc.
• Original Assignee: Alliedsignal Inc.
• Inventors: Ferm, Paul, Zimmerman, Scott, Beeson, Karl, Schweyen, John, Tezucar, Okan
• Primary Examiner(s): Palmer, Phan T. H.
• Application Number:
  US08/363,505
• Time in Patent Office: 963 Days
• Field of Search: 385/43, 385/146, 385/132, 385/901, 264/1.27, 362/32, 349/57, 349/62
• US Class Current: 385/43
• CPC Class Codes: F21V 5/02 of prismatic shape F21V5/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/08 with fibre bundle in form of plate
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/1221 made from organic materials
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/1228 Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers for coupling with fibres G02B6/305
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 21/625 Lenticular translucent screens
• CPC Class Codes: G09F 13/0409 Arrangements for homogeneous illumination of the display surface, e.g. using a layer having a non-uniform transparency arrangements of reflectors G09F13/14
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 385/901 Illuminating or display apparatus

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical device comprising: (a) a substrate; and (b) a plurality of units on the substrate. Each of the units comprises a plurality of tapered waveguides wherein: (i) each of the waveguides has a light input surface adjacent the substrate (a) and a light output surface distal from the light input surface and the light input surface area is greater than the light output surface area; (ii) each of the waveguides tapers from its light input surface to its light output surface at an angle; and (iii) at least one of the light input surface area or the light output surface area of at least one of the tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in the unit. Preferably, the optical device is a viewing film. The present viewing film has reduced or substantially eliminated intensity hot spots and interference patterns. The present viewing film may be used in display devices, such as for example projection display devices, off screen display devices, and direct view displays. Such displays are used in a wide range of applications including computer terminals, airplane cockpit displays, automotive instrument panels, televisions, and other devices which provide text, graphics, or video information.

Claims

1. An optical device comprising:

(a) a substrate; and

(b) a plurality of units on said substrate, each of said units comprising a plurality of tapered waveguides wherein;

(i) each of said waveguides has a light input surface adjacent said substrate (a) and a light output surface distal from said light input surface and said light input surface area is greater than said light output surface area;

(ii) each of said waveguides tapers from its light input surface to its light output surface at an angle; and

(iii) at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit.

2. The optical device of claim 1 wherein the total number of said tapered waveguides in each of said units is at least about 2.

3. The optical device of claim 2 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 2 percent.

4. The optical device of claim 2 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 5 percent.

5. The optical device of claim 2 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 20 percent.

6. The optical device of claim 1 wherein at least two of said tapered waveguides in said unit have at least one of their light input surface areas or light output surface areas which are different than the corresponding surface areas of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit.

7. The optical device of claim 6 wherein said at least two of said tapered waveguides have both of their light input surface areas and light output surface areas which are different than the corresponding surface areas of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit.

8. The optical device of claim 1 wherein each of said tapered waveguides in said unit has at least one of its light input surface area or its light output surface area which is different than the corresponding surface area of each of said remaining tapered waveguides in said unit.

9. The optical device of claim 8 wherein the total number of said tapered waveguides in each of said units is at least about three.

10. The optical device of claim 1 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 2 percent.

11. The optical device of claim 1 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 5 percent.

12. The optical device of claim 1 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 20 percent.

13. The optical device of claim 1 wherein said at least one of said tapered waveguides in said unit has a different light input surface area compared with the light input surface area of every remaining tapered waveguide in said unit.

14. The optical device of claim 1 wherein said at least one of said tapered waveguides in said unit has a different light output surface area compared to the light output surface area of every remaining tapered waveguide in said unit.

15. The optical device of claim 1 wherein said at least one of said tapered waveguides in said unit has different light input and output surface areas compared with said light input and output surface areas of every remaining tapered waveguide in said unit.

16. A viewing film comprising:

(a) a substrate; and

(b) a plurality of units on said substrate, each of said units comprising a plurality of tapered waveguides wherein;

(i) each of said waveguides has a light input surface adjacent said substrate (a) and a light output surface distal from said light input surface and said light input surface area is greater than said light output surface area;

(ii) each of said waveguides tapers from its light input surface to its light output surface at an angle; and

(iii) at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit.

17. The viewing film of claim 16 wherein the total number of said tapered waveguides in each of said units is at least about 2.

18. The viewing film of claim 16 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 2 percent.

19. The viewing film of claim 16 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides in said unit by at least about 5 percent.

20. The viewing film of claim 16 wherein said at least one of said light input surface area or said light output surface area of at least one of said tapered waveguides is different than the corresponding surface area of the remaining tapered waveguides within said unit.