Voice activity detection driven noise remediator

• US 5,657,422 A
• Filed: 01/28/1994
• Issued: 08/12/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/28/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Janiszewski, Thomas John, Recchione, Michael Charles
• Primary Examiner(s): MacDonald, Allen R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dorvil, Richemond
• Application Number:
  US08/188,294
• Time in Patent Office: 1,292 Days
• Field of Search: 395/2.42, 395/2, 395/2.37, 395/2.09, 395/2.35, 370/81, 370/32
• US Class Current: 704/229
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/012 Comfort noise or silence coding
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/135 Vector sum excited linear prediction [VSELP]
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2021/02168 the estimation exclusively taking place during speech pauses
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2025/786 Adaptive threshold
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0208 Noise filtering
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 25/78 Detection of presence or absence of voice signals switching of direction of transmission by voice frequency in two-way loud-speaking telephone systems H04M9/10

Abstract

A method and apparatus for improving sound quality in a digital cellular radio system receiver. A voice activity detector uses an energy estimate to detect the presence of speech in a received speech signal in a noise environment. When no speech is present the system attenuates the signal and inserts low pass filtered white noise. In addition, a set of high pass filters are used to filter the signal based upon the background noise level. This high pass filtering is applied to the signal regardless of whether speech is present. Thus, a combination of signal attenuation with insertion of low pass filtered white noise during periods of non-speech, along with high pass filtering of the signal, improves sound quality when decoding speech which has been encoded in a noisy environment.

Claims

1. A receiving apparatus for processing a received encoded signal, said received encoded signal comprising a speech component and a noise component, said apparatus comprising:

a speech decoder for receiving said encoded signal and generating a decoded signal, said decoded signal comprising a speech component and a noise component;

an energy estimator connected to said speech decoder for receiving said decoded signal and for generating an estimated energy signal representing the acoustic energy of said decoded signal;

a noise estimator connected to said energy estimator for receiving said estimated energy signal and for generating an estimated noise signal representing the average background noise level in said decoded signal;

a high pass filter driver connected to said noise estimator and said speech decoder for receiving said estimated noise signal and said decoded signal, and for high pass filtering said decoded signal based upon said estimated noise signal, and for generating a high pass filtered output signal;

a voice activity detector connected to said energy estimator and said noise estimator for receiving said estimated energy signal and said estimated noise signal and for generating a voice detection signal representing whether said decoded signal contains a speech component;

an attenuator calculator connected to said voice activity detector for receiving said voice detection signal and for generating an attenuation signal representing the attenuation to be applied to said high pass filtered signal;

a noise generator connected to said noise estimator for receiving said estimated noise signal and for generating a comfort noise signal; and

a speech attenuator/comfort noise inserter connected to said high pass filter driver, said shaped noise generator, and said attenuator calculator, for receiving said high pass filtered output signal, said comfort noise signal, and said attenuation signal, and for attenuating said high pass filtered output signal and inserting said comfort noise signal into said high pass filtered output signal based upon said attenuation signal, and for generating a processed high pass filtered signal wherein said speech decoder, noise estimator and said voice activity detector are in said receiving apparatus.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said comfort noise signal comprises low pass filtered white noise.

3. A receiving apparatus for processing a received signal, said signal comprising a speech component and a noise component, said apparatus comprising:

an energy estimator for generating an energy signal representing the acoustic energy of said received signal;

a noise estimator for receiving said energy signal and for generating a noise estimate signal representing the average background noise in said received signal;

a voice activity detector for receiving said noise estimate signal and said energy signal and for generating a voice detection signal representing whether speech is present in said received signal; and

a noise remediator responsive to said noise estimate signal and said voice detection signal for processing said received signal when said voice detection signal indicates that speech is not present in said received signal and for generating a processed signal, wherein said noise estimator, said voice activity detector and said noise remediator are in said receiving apparatus,

wherein said processed signal comprises;

a first component comprising an attenuated received signal; and

a second component comprising a comfort noise signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said voice acting detector generates a voice detection signal indicating that speech is not present only when no speech is detected in said received signal for a predetermined period of time.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said comfort noise comprises low pass filtered white noise.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said noise remediator further comprises:

an attenuator calculator for receiving said voice detection signal and for generating an attenuation signal representing the attenuation to be applied to said received signal;

a shaped noise generator for receiving said noise estimate signal and for generating said comfort noise signal; and

a speech attenuator/comfort noise inserter responsive to said comfort noise signal and said attenuation signal for receiving said received signal and for attenuating said received signal and inserting said comfort noise signal into said received signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said comfort noise signal represents low pass filtered white noise scaled based upon said noise estimate signal.

8. A receiving apparatus for processing a received signal having speech and noise components, said apparatus comprising:

an energy estimator in said receiving apparatus for generating an energy signal representing the acoustic energy of said received signal;

a noise estimator in said receiving apparatus for receiving said energy signal and for generating a noise estimate signal representing the average background noise in said received signal;

a plurality of high pass filters; and

means for applying one of said plurality of high pass filters to said received signal based upon said noise estimate signal and for generating a high pass filtered signal.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the difference in the cutoff frequencies of each of said plurality of high pass filters is at least 100 Hz.

10. A receiving apparatus for processing a received signal having speech and noise components, said apparatus comprising:

and energy estimator for generating an energy signal representing the acoustic energy of said received signal;

a noise estimator for receiving said energy signal and for generating a noise estimate signal representing the average background noise in said received signal;

a high pass filter driver connected to said noise estimator for filtering said received signal based upon said noise estimate signal and generating a high pass filtered signal;

a voice activity detector for receiving said noise estimate signal and said energy signal and for generating a voice detection signal representing whether speech is present in said received signal; and

a noise remediator responsive to said noise estimate signal and said voice detection signal for attenuating said high pass filtered signal and inserting comfort noise into said high pass filtered signal when said voice detection signal indicates that speech is not present in said received signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said high pass filter driver further comprises:

a first high pass filter;

a second high pass filter; and

means for applying said first high pass filter, said second high pass filter, or no high pass filter, to said received signal based upon said noise estimate signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the difference in the cutoff frequencies of said first high pass filter and said second high pass filter is at least 100 Hz.

13. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said voice activity detector generates a voice detection signal indicating that speech is not present only when no speech is detected in said received signal for a predetermined period of time.

14. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said noise remediator further comprises:

an attenuator calculator for receiving said voice detection signal and for generating an attenuation signal representing the attenuation to be applied to said high pass filtered signal;

a shaped noise generator for receiving said noise estimate signal and for generating a comfort noise signal representing low pass filtered white noise; and

a speech attenuator/comfort noise inserter responsive to said comfort noise signal and said attenuation signal for receiving said high pass filtered signal and for attenuating said high pass filtered signal and for inserting said comfort noise signal into said high pass filtered signal.

15. A method for processing an encoded signal, said encoded signal representing speech and noise, said method comprising the steps:

receiving said encoded signal at a receiver in a communication system;

decoding said encoded signal into a decoded signal;

generating an energy signal representing the acoustic energy of said decoded signal;

generating a noise estimate signal representing the average background noise level in said decoded signal;

generating a voice detection signal based upon said energy signal and said noise estimate signal, said voice detection signal indicating whether said decoded signal contains a speech component; and

if said voice detection signal indicates that said decoded signal does not contain a speech component;

generating a comfort noise signal based upon said noise estimate signal;

attenuating said decoded signal; and

inserting said comfort noise signal into said decoded signal.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said step of generating an energy value representing the acoustic energy of said decoded signal further comprises the step of receiving an encoded energy value from said encoded signal.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein said step of generating an comfort noise signal further comprises the steps of:

generating a white noise signal;

scaling said white noise signal based upon said noise estimate signal; and

low pass filtering said scaled white noise signal.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein said step of generating a voice detection signal further comprises the step of:

generating a voice detection signal indicating that no speech is present only if no speech has been detected in the decoded signal for a predetermined time period.

19. A method for processing a received encoded signal representing speech and noise, said method comprising the steps:

receiving said encoded signal at a receiver in a communication system;

decoding said encoded signal into a decoded signal;

generating an energy value representing the acoustic energy of said decoded signal;

generating a noise estimate value representing the average background noise level in said decoded signal;

determining whether said decoded signal contains a speech component based upon said energy value and said noise estimate value; and

if said decoded signal does not contain a speech component for a predetermined period of time;

attenuating said decoded signal; and

inserting comfort noise into said decoded signal.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein said comfort noise comprises low pass filtered white noise scaled based upon said noise estimate value.

21. A method for processing a received signal representing speech and noise, said method comprising the steps of:

generating an energy signal representing the acoustic energy of said received signal, said received signal does not contain any specialized non-speech frames;

generating a noise estimate signal representing the average background noise in said received signal; and

generating a high pass filtered signal by applying said received signal to one of a plurality of high pass filters based upon said noise estimate signal.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the difference in the cutoff frequencies of each of said plurality of high pass filters is at least 100 Hz.

23. The method of claim 21 further comprising the steps of:

generating a voice detection signal based upon said energy signal and said noise estimate signal, said voice detection signal indicating whether said received signal contains a speech component; and

generating a processed high pass filtered signal if said voice detection signal indicates that said received signal does not contain a speech component.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said step of generating a processed high pass filtered signal further comprises the steps of:

generating a comfort noise signal based upon said noise estimate signal;

attenuating said high pass filtered signal; and

inserting said comfort noise signal into said high pass filtered signal.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein said comfort noise signal comprises low pass filtered white noise scaled based upon said noise estimate signal.

26. A method for processing a received signal representing speech and noise, said method comprising the steps of:

generating an energy value representing the acoustic energy of said received signal, wherein said received signal does not contain special non-speech frames;

generating a noise estimate value representing the average background noise in said received signal;

generating a high pass filtered signal by applying said received signal to one of a plurality of high pass filters based upon said noise estimate value;

generating comfort noise based on said noise estimate value;

determining whether said received signal contains a speech component based upon said energy value and said noise estimate value; and

generating a processed high pass filtered signal if said received signal does not contain a speech component.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the difference in the cutoff frequencies of each of said plurality of high pass filters is at least 100 Hz.

28. The method of claim 26 wherein said step of generating a processed high pass filtered signal further comprises the steps of:

attenuating said high pass filtered signal; and

inserting said comfort noise into said high pass filtered signal.

29. A receiving apparatus for processing a received encoded signal representing speech and noise, said apparatus comprising:

means for receiving said encoded signal, wherein said encoded signal does not contain special non-speech frames;

means for decoding said encoded signal into a decoded signal;

means for generating an energy value representing the acoustic energy of said decoded signal;

means for generating a noise estimate value representing the average background noise level in said decoded signal;

means for determining whether said decoded signal contains a speech component based upon said energy value and said noise estimate value; and

means for generating a processed decoded signal if the decoded signal does not contain a speech component for a predetermined period of time, said processed decoded signal comprising an attenuated decoded signal component and a comfort noise component.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said means for generating an energy value representing the acoustic energy of said decoded signal further comprises means for receiving an encoded energy value from said encoded signal.

31. A receiving apparatus for processing a received signal, said received signal comprising a speech component and a noise component, said apparatus comprising:

means for generating an energy value representing the acoustic energy of said received signal;

means for generating a noise estimate value representing the average background noise in said received signal; and

means for generating a high pass filtered signal by applying said received signal to one of a plurality of high pass filters based upon said noise estimate value, wherein said energy value generating means and said high pass filter generating means are in said receiving apparatus.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the difference in the cutoff frequencies of each of said plurality of high pass is at least 100 Hz.

33. The apparatus of claim 31 further comprising:

means for determining whether said received signal contains a speech component; and

means for generating a processed high pass filtered signal if said received signal does not contain a speech component.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 wherein said means for generating a processed high pass filtered signal further comprises:

means for generating comfort noise based on said noise estimate value;

means for attenuating said high pass filtered signal; and

means for inserting said comfort noise into said high pass filtered signal.

35. A receiving apparatus for processing a received encoded signal representing speech and noise, said apparatus comprising:

a speech decoder for receiving said encoded signal and generating a decoded signal, wherein said encoded signal does not contain special non-speech frames;

an energy estimator for receiving an encoded energy value from said encoded signal and for generating an energy signal representing the acoustic energy of said encoded signal;

a noise estimator connected to said energy estimator for receiving said energy signal and for generating a noise estimate signal representing the average background noise level in said encoded signal;

a high pass filter driver connected to said noise estimator and said speech decoder for receiving said noise estimate signal and said decoded signal and for high pass filtering said decoded signal based upon said noise estimate signal, and for generating a high pass filtered signal;

a voice activity detector connected to said energy estimator and to said noise estimator for receiving said energy signal and said noise estimate signal and for generating a voice detection signal representative of whether said encoded signal contains a speech component; and

a noise remediator connected to said voice activity detector, said noise estimator, and said high pass filter driver for receiving said voice detection signal, said noise estimate signal, and said high pass filtered signal, and for generating a processed high pass filtered signal when said noise detection signal indicates that said encoded signal does not contain a speech component,

wherein said processed high pass filtered signal comprises;

an attenuated high pass filtered signal; and

low pass filtered white noise.