Multispectral covert target marker

• US 5,661,257 A
• Filed: 01/16/1996
• Issued: 08/26/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/16/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alliant Techsystems Incorporated (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Thiokol Corporation (Howmet Aerospace, Inc.)
• Inventors: Fairbourn, Brad A., Nielson, Daniel B.
• Primary Examiner(s): TUDOR, HAROLD JAY
• Application Number:
  US08/591,170
• Time in Patent Office: 588 Days
• Field of Search: 102/334, 102/336, 102/337, 102/340, 102/342, 102/348, 102/351, 102/354, 102/355, 102/357, 102/505, 102/513, 42/1.15, 362/110, 362/800
• US Class Current: 102/334
• CPC Class Codes: F42B 12/48 smoke-producing , e.g. infrared clouds
• CPC Class Codes: F42B 12/70 for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material radar-reflector targets, active targets transmitting infrared radiation F41J2/00; radar-reflecting surfaces H01Q15/14
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 362/80 Light emitting diode

Abstract

A covert, i.e., no visible light emitted, multispectral day/night target marker is disclosed. The marker emits a signature detectable in the electromagnetic spectrum including visible, near infrared, middle and longwave infrared, and radar regions. The marker is particularly useful for marking of target areas so that they can be easily detected from the ground or the air. The visible spectrum is marked by a white or colored pyrotechnic smoke generant. The near infrared region is marked by near infrared emitting photodiodes encased in a hardened polymeric molding compound. These diodes are only visible through night vision devices (image intensifiers). The middle through the far infrared regions are marked by the heat generated from the combustion of the pyrotechnic smoke generant. The smoke generant is housed in a canister having a highly emissive surface. The radar region is marked using radar chaff. The target marker is configured for use with conventional mortar or rocket delivered flare systems. A hand held, rocket-propelled parachute signal is disclosed which includes near infrared emitting photodiodes and oscillator electronics assembly encased in a hardened polymeric molding compound launched from a hand-fired expendable-type launcher.

Claims

1. A multispectral target marker comprising:

a canister containing a smoking-producing pyrotechnic composition which produces visible smoke but does not emit visible light, said canister having an exterior surface coated with a material to enhance the exterior surface'"'"'s emissivity;

a plurality of near infrared emitting photodiodes embedded within a hardened polymeric material which is transparent to near infrared emissions, said photodiodes emitting light having a wavelength in the range from 0.4 microns to 1 microns;

a quantity of radar chaff sized to attenuate radar emissions; and

a delivery vehicle for transporting the canister, near infrared emitting photodiodes, and radar chaff to a desired target.

2. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the delivery vehicle is a 60 mm mortar fired cartridge, 81 mm mortar fired cartridge, and 120 mm mortar fired cartridge, 105 mm howitzer fired cartridges, 155 mm projectiles, 2.75 inch (70 mm) rocket launched cartridges, or 40 mm hand launched signals.

3. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the canister has an emissivity in the range from 0.8 to 1.0.

4. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the canister has an emissivity greater than 0.9.

5. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the canister is coated with flat black paint.

6. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the canister is coated with carbon.

7. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the radar chaff includes small aluminized fiberglass fibers.

8. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the radar chaff is sized to attenuate radar emissions in the region from 5 to 50 gigahertz.

9. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, further comprising an explosive charge for dispersing the radar chaff.

10. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the smoking-producing pyrotechnic composition includes an organic acid.

11. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the smoking-producing pyrotechnic composition includes a colored dye.

12. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the near infrared emitting photodiodes are embedded within a polyurethane material.

13. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the near infrared emitting photodiodes are embedded within a polymeric material shaped in the form of a thick disk.

14. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 1, wherein the near infrared emitting photodiodes emit light in the 0.7 to 1 micron region.

15. A multispectral target marker comprising:

a canister containing an organic acid smoking-producing pyrotechnic composition which produces visible smoke but does not emit visible light, said canister having an exterior surface coated with a material to enhance the exterior surface'"'"'s emissivity such that the exterior surface of the canister has an emissivity in the range from 0.8 to 1.0;

a plurality of near infrared emitting photodiodes embedded within a hardened polymeric material which is transparent to near infrared emissions, said polymeric material being shaped in the form of a thick disk, said photodiodes emitting light having a wavelength in the range from 0.4 microns to 1 microns;

a quantity of radar chaff sized to attenuate radar emissions in the region from 5 to 50 gigahertz;

an explosive charge for dispersing the radar chaff; and

a delivery vehicle for transporting the canister, near infrared emitting photodiodes, and radar chaff to a desired target.

16. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 15, wherein the delivery vehicle is a 60 mm mortar fired cartridge, 81 mm mortar fired cartridge, and 120 mm mortar fired cartridge, 105 mm howitzer fired cartridges, 155 mm projectiles, 2.75 inch (70 mm) rocket launched cartridges, or 40 mm hand launched signals.

17. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 15, wherein the exterior surface of the canister has an emissivity greater than 0.9.

18. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 15, wherein the exterior surface of the canister is coated with flat black paint.

19. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 15, wherein the exterior surface of the canister is coated with carbon.

20. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 15, wherein the radar chaff includes small aluminized fiberglass fibers.

21. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 15, wherein the smoking-producing pyrotechnic composition includes a colored dye.

22. A multispectral target marker as defined in claim 15, wherein the near infrared emitting photodiodes are embedded within a polyurethane material.

23. A hand-fired, rocket-propelled covert target marker comprising:

a tubular target marker canister;

a solid propellant charge located at the aft end of the target marker canister;

near infrared emitting photodiodes embedded within a hardened polymeric material which is transparent to near infrared emissions, said photodiodes emitting light having a wavelength in the range from 0.4 microns to 1 microns, said photodiodes being located within the target marker canister;

a parachute tethered to the photodiodes;

a pyrotechnic expulsion charge for expelling the photodiodes and the parachute from the target marker canister; and

a hand-held rocket launcher for launching the target marker.

24. A covert target marker as defined in claim 23, further comprising a plurality of aerodynamic fins located at the aft end of the target marker canister.

25. A covert target marker as defined in claim 23, further comprising an igniter for igniting the solid propellant.