Method and apparatus for the collection storage and real time analysis of blood and other bodily fluids

• US 5,665,238 A
• Filed: 01/26/1996
• Issued: 09/09/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/19/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Incorporated, United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: Clift, Vaughan L., Whitson, Peggy A.
• Primary Examiner(s): KIM, SUN U
• Application Number:
  US08/605,300
• Time in Patent Office: 592 Days
• Field of Search: 210/645, 210/767, 210/483, 210/488, 210/489, 210/490, 210/491, 210/946, 210/503, 210/504, 210/506, 210/508, 210/509, 210/649, 422/56, 422/57, 422/58, 422/59, 422/60, 422/61, 422/73, 422/101, 422/102, 422/104, 436/177, 436/178, 427/338, 427/414, 427/244
• US Class Current: 210/649
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0681 Filter
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5023 with a sample being transported to, and subsequently stored in an absorbent for analysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50853 with covers or lids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/491 by separating the blood components G01N15/05 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/5002 Partitioning blood components
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/25375 Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/255 including use of a solid sorbent, semipermeable membrane, or liquid extraction

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus for separating a relatively large volume of blood into cellular and acellular fractions without the need for centrifugation. The apparatus comprises a housing divided by a fibrous filter into a blood sample collection chamber having a volume of at least about 1 milliliter and a serum sample collection chamber. The fibrous filter has a pore size of less than about 3 microns, and is coated with a mixture of mannitol and plasma fraction protein (or an animal or vegetable equivalent thereof). The coating causes the cellular fraction to be trapped by the small pores, leaving the cellular fraction intact on the fibrous filter while the acellular fraction passes through the filter for collection in unaltered form from the serum sample collection chamber.

Claims

1. Apparatus for passively collecting and separating into cellular and acellular fractions, a blood sample having a volume of up to about 20 milliliters, comprising:

a housing having at least one opening therethrough for receiving said blood sample;

a fibrous filter dividing said housing into;

a blood sample collection chamber having a volume of at least about 1 ml, said blood sample collection chamber being in fluid communication with said opening; and

a serum sample collection chamber;

said fibrous filter comprising a first surface, substantially all of which fluidly communicates with a blood sample in said blood sample collection chamber, a second surface abutting and fluidly communicating with said serum sample collection chamber, and an intermediate portion having a given height sandwiched between and in fluid communication with both said first and said second surfaces;

wherein said acellular fraction of said blood sample is filtered from said blood sample collection chamber, across said first surface, across said intermediate portion, and across said second surface into said serum sample collection chamber; and

wherein said fibrous filter has a pore size below about 3 microns and is coated with a mixture comprising between about 1-40% mannitol and between about 0.1-15% albumin; and

an absorbent matrix in fluid communication with said serum sample collection chamber.

2. A method for passively separating into cellular and acellular fractions a blood sample having a volume of up to about 20 milliliters, comprising the steps of:

providing a housing comprising at least one opening therethrough for receiving a blood sample;

providing a fibrous filter comprising a first surface, substantially all of which fluidly communicates with a blood sample in said blood sample collection chamber, a second surface abutting and fluidly communicating with said serum sample collection chamber, and an intermediate portion having a given height sandwiched between and in fluid communication with both said first and said second surfaces, wherein said fibrous filter has a pore size of about 3 microns or less and is coated with a mixture comprising between about 1-40% mannitol and between about 0.1-15% albumin; and

separating said blood sample into cellular and acellular fractions by filtering said blood sample from said blood sample collection chamber, across said first surface, across said intermediate portion, and across said second surface into said serum collection chamber and onto an absorbent matrix.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said blood sample comprises a volume of between about 1-20 milliliters.