Method and apparatus for supporting TDMA operating over hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) or other channels

• US 5,666,358 A
• Filed: 10/16/1995
• Issued: 09/09/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: General Instrument Corporation (CommScope Holding Company, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gittings, Michael J., Paratore, Bernardo, Mullins, Robert Patrick, Clark, Dennis R.
• Primary Examiner(s): TON, DANG T
• Application Number:
  US08/543,702
• Time in Patent Office: 694 Days
• Field of Search: 370/503, 370/507, 370/509, 370/510, 370/511, 370/512, 370/513, 370/347, 370/340, 370/350, 370/337, 370/335, 370/319, 370/321, 370/346, 370/349, 370/421, 370/458, 370/508 , 370/515, 370/516, 370/518, 370/519, 370/389
• US Class Current: 370/347
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0655 using timestamps
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0682 by delay compensation, e.g. by compensation of propagation delay or variations thereof, by ranging

Abstract

In a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication network, a central office (CO) provides interactive communication between a service provider and a plurality of user terminals. To synchronize transmissions of the user terminals, a timebase timer in the CO generates modulo N-bit cyclical reference counts as time markers. In a downstream direction to the plurality of user terminals, time marker insertion units in the CO receive both (a) separate digital TDMA transport streams having a predetermined data rate including data packets and Media Access Control (MAC) packets that are interspersed between the data packets at predetermined intervals, and (b) the time markers generated by the timebase timer, and insert a currently received time marker count into a concurrently received MAC packet. The resultant downstream TDMA transport streams with the inserted time marker counts in the MAC packets are transmitted in continuous TDMA output transport stream to the remote user terminals. The time markers are independent of a data rate, a physical channel, and a channel protocol of the transport stream. In each user terminal, a network interface module synchronizes itself by comparing received time markers and locally generated time marker counts for correcting a local oscillator frequency. Upstream channel units in the CO are synchronized using the timebase timer generated time markers for receiving and processing upstream data packets upon arrival at their preassigned channel unit.

Claims

1. A time division multiple access (TDMA) communication network comprising:

channel synchronizing means for synchronizing channels in a downstream direction towards users of the communication network comprising;

a timebase timer for generating time markers comprising modulo N-bit programmable cyclical reference counts that are incremented at a predetermined frequency and are reset to 0 when the reference counts reach a predefined value; and

at least one time marker insertion unit, each time marker insertion unit comprising a first input terminal for receiving a digital TDMA transport stream having a predetermined data rate and comprising data packets and Media Access Control (MAC) packets that are interspersed between the data packets at predetermined intervals, a second input terminal for receiving the time markers generated by the timebase timer and for inserting a currently received time marker count into a currently received MAC packet, and an output terminal for transmitting the received TDMA data stream with the inserted time marker counts in the MAC packets in a continuous output TDMA transport stream to remote user terminals where the time markers are independent of a data rate, a physical channel, and a channel protocol of the transport stream and are used for synchronizing the user terminals.

2. The TDMA communication network of claim 1 wherein the downstream channel synchronizing means further comprises at least one modulator means, each modulator means modulating the digital TDMA transport stream transmitted by a separate one of the at least one time marker insertion unit into a separate analog output TDMA transport stream having a predetermined protocol for transmission to the remote user terminals.

3. The TDMA communication network of claim 2 wherein the downstream channel synchronizing means comprises:

a plurality of time marker insertion units and two of the time marker insertion units receive digital TDMA transport streams having different predetermined data rates comprising data packets and Media Access Control (MAC) packets that are interspersed between the data packets at predetermined intervals, and transmit the received TDMA transport stream with the inserted time marker counts in the MAC packets in a continuous digital output TDMA transport stream; and

a plurality of modulator means wherein two of the modulator means modulate the digital TDMA transport Streams transmitted by a separate ones of the plurality of time marker insertion units into a separate analog output TDMA transport streams having different predetermined protocols for transmission to the remote user terminals.

4. The TDMA communication network of claim 1 wherein the downstream channel synchronizing means comprises a plurality of time marker insertion units, where two of the time marker insertion units receive separate digital TDMA transport streams having different predetermined data rates comprising data packets and MAC packets that are interspersed between the data packets at predetermined intervals, and transmit the received TDMA transport stream with the inserted time marker counts in the MAC packets in a continuous output TDMA transport stream to the remote user terminals.

5. The TDMA communication network of claim 4 wherein the downstream channel synchronizing means further comprises a plurality of modulator means wherein two of the modulator means modulate the digital TDMA transport stream transmitted by a separate one of the plurality of time marker insertion units into a separate analog output TDMA transport stream having different predetermined protocols for transmission to the remote user.

6. The TDMA communication network of claim 1 further comprising upstream channel synchronizing means comprising at least one upstream channel unit, where each upstream channel unit comprises a programmable real time unit for (a) storing information related to a frame length and a number of time slots arbitrarily preassigned to each user terminal that is transmitting data packets via the upstream channel unit, and (b) receiving both an upstream TDMA transport stream comprising data packets at a predetermined data rate from the remote user terminals, and the time markers comprising the modulo N-bit programmable cyclical reference counts generated by the timebase timer for synchronizing the processing of the data packets in the upstream channel unit during their time of arrival at the upstream channel unit.

7. The TDMA communication network of claim 6 wherein the each upstream channel unit in the upstream channel synchronizing means further comprises a burst demodulator for receiving both the upstream TDMA transport stream comprising data packets at a predetermined data rate directed to the upstream channel unit from the remote user terminals, and an aperture control signal from the programmable real time unit for measuring burst arrival times relative to the aperture control signal in the received upstream TDMA transport stream.

8. The TDMA communication network of claim 6 wherein the upstream channel synchronizing means comprises a plurality of upstream channel units, and at least two of the upstream channel units receive and process upstream TDMA transport streams comprising different transport data stream protocols from certain ones of the of user terminals.

9. The TDMA communication network of claim 1 wherein each remote user terminal comprises a network interface module for performing network timing functions comprising:

synchronizing means for synchronizing a user terminal to time markers in a received data stream comprising;

a digitally controlled local oscillator for generating clock pulses at a preset frequency;

a counter for generating modulo N-bit programmable cyclical local oscillator counts from a received time marker in a downstream transport stream that are incremented at the preset frequency from the local oscillator between time marker reception times from the downstream transport stream; and

comparing means for comparing a time marker count currently received in a downstream TDMA transport stream from one of the at least one time marker insertion unit with a current modulo N count from the counter, and generating an error control output signal corresponding to a difference between a currently received time marker count and a current count in the counter for transmission to the digitally controlled local oscillator for altering the preset frequency of the digitally controlled local oscillator in a predetermined direction.

10. A time division multiple access (TDMA) communication network comprising:

channel synchronizing means for synchronizing channels in a down stream direction towards users of the communication network comprising;

a timebase timer for generating time markers comprising modulo N-bit programmable cyclical reference counts that are incremented at a predetermined frequency and are reset to 0 when the reference counts reach a predefined value; and

a plurality of time marker insertion units, each time marker insertion unit comprising;

a first input terminal for receiving a digital TDMA transport stream having a predetermined data rate and comprising data packets and Media Access Control (MAC) packets that are interspersed between the data packets at predetermined intervals;

a second input terminal for receiving the time markers generated by the timebase timer and for inserting a currently received time marker count into a currently received MAC packet; and

an output terminal for transmitting the received TDMA data stream with the inserted time marker counts in the MAC packets in a continuous TDMA output transport stream to remote user terminals, where the time markers are independent of a data rate, a physical channel, and a channel protocol of the TDMA output transport stream and are used for synchronizing the user terminals, where two of the time marker insertion units receive digital TDMA transport streams having different predetermined data rates.

11. The TDMA communication network of claim 10 wherein the downstream channel synchronizing means further comprises a plurality of modulator means wherein two of the modulator means modulate the digital TDMA transport streams transmitted by separate ones of the plurality of time marker insertion units into separate analog downstream TDMA output transport streams having different predetermined protocols for transmission to the remote user terminals.

12. The TDMA communication network of claim 10 further comprising upstream channel synchronizing means which comprises a plurality of upstream channel units, each upstream channel unit comprising a programmable real time unit for (a) storing information related to a frame length and a number of time slots arbitrarily preassigned to each user terminal that is transmitting data packets in an upstream TDMA transport stream via the upstream channel unit, and (b) receiving both the upstream TDMA transport stream comprising data packets at a predetermined data rate from the remote user terminals and the time markers comprising the modulo N-bit programmable cyclical reference counts generated by the timebase timer for synchronizing the processing of the data packets in the upstream channel unit during their time of arrival at the upstream channel unit.

13. The TDMA communication network of claim 12 wherein each upstream channel unit in the upstream channel synchronizing means further comprises a burst demodulator for receiving both the upstream TDMA transport stream comprising data packets at a predetermined data rate from the remote user terminals, and an aperture control signal from the programmable real time unit for measuring data packet arrival times relative to the aperture control signal in the received upstream TDMA transport stream.

14. The TDMA communication network of claim 12 wherein at least two of the upstream channel units receive and process upstream TDMA transport streams comprising different transport stream protocols.

15. The TDMA communication network of claim 10 wherein the network further comprises:

a plurality of remote user terminals, each user terminal comprising a network interface module for performing network timing functions comprising synchronizing means comprising;

a digitally controlled local oscillator for generating modulo N-bit programmable cyclical local oscillator counts that are incremented at a predetermined frequency; and

a counter for generating modulo N-bit programmable cyclical local oscillator counts from a received time marker in a downstream transport stream that are incremented at the preset frequency from the local oscillator between time marker reception times from the downstream transport stream; and

comparing means for comparing a time marker count currently received in a downstream TDMA transport stream from one of the at least one time marker insertion unit with a current modulo N count from the counter, and generating an error control output signal corresponding to a difference between a currently received time marker count and a current count in the counter for transmission to the digitally controlled local oscillator for altering the preset frequency of the digitally controlled local oscillator in a predetermined direction.

16. A method of synchronizing communications between central office equipment and a plurality of remote user terminals in a TDMA communication network comprising the steps of:

(a) generating a time marker sequence comprising modulo N-bit programmable cyclical reference counts that are incremented at a predetermined frequency in a timebase timer and are reset to 0 when the count reaches a predefined value;

(b) receiving at least one digital time division multiple access (TDMA) transport stream, each digital TDMA transport stream comprising a predetermined frequency including data packets and Media Access Control (MAC) packets that are interspersed between the data packets at predetermined intervals;

(c) inserting a currently received time marker count generated in step (a) into a MAC packet that is concurrently received in step (b) in each of the at least one digital TDMA transport streams in a time marker insertion unit; and

(d) transmitting each digital TDMA transport stream with the inserted time marker counts in the MAC packets from step (c) in a separate continuous analog downstream TDMA transport stream to remote user terminals, where the time markers in each of the analog downstream TDMA output transport streams are independent of a data rate, a physical channel, and a channel protocol of the downstream TDMA output transport stream and are used by the plurality of user terminals for synchronizing their upstream data transmissions.

17. The method of claim 16 comprising the further step of:

(e) modulating each of the at least one digital TDMA transport stream transmitted by the time marker insertion unit into a separate analog downstream TDMA output transport stream having a predetermined protocol for transmission to the plurality of remote user terminals.

18. The method of claim 16 comprising the further steps of:

(e) storing separate control information related to a frame length and a number of time slots arbitrarily preassigned to predetermined user terminals in a programmable real time unit of an upstream channel unit that is assigned to receive data packets from the predetermined user terminals in an upstream direction in an upstream TDMA transport stream; and

(f) receiving both the time markers comprising the modulo N-bit programmable cyclical reference counts generated by the timebase timer in step (a) and the upstream TDMA transport stream comprising data packets at a predetermined data rate from the predetermined remote user terminals for synchronizing the processing the data packets from the predetermined user terminals in the upstream channel unit during their time of arrival at the upstream channel unit.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein in performing step (f) receiving both the upstream TDMA transport stream comprising data packets at a predetermined data rate from the predetermined remote user terminals and an aperture control signal from the programmable real time unit for measuring data packet arrival times relative to the aperture control signal in the received TDMA transport stream.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the TDMA communication system comprises a plurality of upstream channel units, and in performing step (f), at least two of the upstream channel units receive and process separate upstream TDMA transport streams comprising different transport stream protocols.

21. The method of claim 16 wherein each of the plurality of remote user terminals comprises a network interface module for performing the steps of:

(e) generating clock pulses at a preset frequency in a digitally controlled local oscillator;

(f) generating modulo N-bit programmable cyclical local oscillator counts from a received time marker in a downstream transport stream in a counter that are incremented at the preset frequency from the local oscillator between time marker reception times from the downstream transport stream; and

(g) comparing a time marker count currently received in a downstream TDMA transport stream with a current modulo N count from the counter in a comparing device, and generating an error control output signal corresponding to a difference between a currently received time marker count and a current count in the counter for transmission to the digitally controlled local oscillator for altering the preset frequency of the digitally controlled local oscillator in a predetermined direction; and

(h) altering the predetermined frequency of the digitally controlled local oscillator in a predetermined direction in response to the error control output signal generated in step (g).