Method and apparatus for continuous emissions monitoring system using gas chromatography

• US 5,668,735 A
• Filed: 05/31/1996
• Issued: 09/16/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 08/31/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Mid-America Commercialization Corporation
• Original Assignee: R J Reynolds Tobacco Company (R. J. Reynolds Tobacco)
• Inventors: Gordon, Bert Miller, Bowling, Forrest Wendell, Dominguez, Luis Mayan, Coleman, William Monroe III
• Primary Examiner(s): Cosimano, Edward R.
• Application Number:
  US08/657,922
• Time in Patent Office: 473 Days
• Field of Search: 73/19.01, 73/19.02, 73/23.22, 73/23.35, 73/23.42, 364/497, 364/498, 364/571.01, 436/8, 436/161
• US Class Current: 702/24
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/025 Gas chromatography
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/047 external
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/626 calibration, baseline
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8804 automated systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/884 organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8859 inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2030/8886 Analysis of industrial production processes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/62 Detectors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 30/88 Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86

Abstract

A method of and apparatus for automatically monitoring and reporting the exact concentrations of specific chemicals contained in one or more air streams is disclosed in which the system automatically calibrates one or a plurality of gas chromatographs using a plurality of calibration gases and then alternatingly samples and analyzes air streams containing volatile or semi-volatile organic or inorganic compounds. When a plurality of gas chromatographs are utilized, the system of the present invention is capable of simultaneously analyzing one or more air streams for a plurality of compounds. Apparatus for ensuring sample line and measurement system integrity is also disclosed. The results of the analysis are recorded and are stored in computer files which include the exact chemical concentrations of a sample taken from an air stream.

Claims

1. Apparatus for determining the concentration of at least one of a plurality of compounds contained in air carrying said at least one of a plurality of compounds comprising:

at least one gas chromatograph;

a sample collection means connected between said air and said at least one gas chromatograph for providing at least one sample of said plurality of compounds to said at least one gas chromatograph, said sample collection means including a plurality of conduit means connected to receive a plurality of samples containing said at least one of a plurality of compounds;

a first, second and third calibrating gas means connected to said at least one gas chromatograph for calibrating said at least one gas chromatograph;

a digital data processor connected to operate and control said at least one gas chromatograph, said sample collection means and said first, second and third calibrating gas means for analyzing said at least one sample to determine the concentration of said at least one of a plurality of compounds in said air and thereby the presence of different types of emissions in said air; and

wherein said sample collection means further comprises a plurality of valves connected between said first, second and third calibrating gas means and said plurality of conduit means and said at least one gas chromatograph in order to alternatingly provide said first, second and third calibrating gases and each one of said plurality of samples to said at least one gas chromatograph for one of calibration and analysis.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said plurality of valves are contained within a heated valve enclosure.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said heated valve enclosure is heated to a temperature of at least 110 degrees Celsius in order to prevent adsorption of said plurality of compounds by said valves.

4. A method for determining the presence of different types of emissions in air in an environment by monitoring the concentration of at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound contained in at least one air stream carrying said at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound, comprising the steps of:

a) calibrating at least one gas chromatograph using at least three calibration gases;

b) obtaining a sample of said at least one air stream containing said at least one compound;

c) providing said sample of said at least one air stream to said at least one gas chromatograph;

d) operating said at least one gas chromatograph under control of a digital data processor to analyze said sample of said at least one air stream to determine the concentration of said at least one compound in said sample and thereby the presence of different types of emissions in said air; and

e) controlling steps a)-c) using said digital data processor.

5. A method for determining the presence of different types of emissions in air in an environment by monitoring at least one of a plurality of air streams for determining the concentration of at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound in at least one of said plurality of air streams carrying said at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound, comprising the steps of:

a) calibrating at least one gas chromatograph using at least three calibration gases;

b) selecting said at least one of said plurality of air streams to be sampled;

c) obtaining a sample of said selected one of said plurality of air streams carrying said at least one compound;

d) providing said sample of said selected air stream to said at least one calibrated gas chromatograph;

e) operating said at least one calibrated gas chromatograph under control of a digital data processor to analyze said sample of said selected air stream to determine the concentration of said at least one compound in said sample and thereby the presence of different types of emissions in said air; and

f) controlling steps a)-d) using said digital data processor.

6. Apparatus for determining the presence of different types of emissions in air in an environment by determining the concentration of at least one of a plurality of compounds contained in air carrying said at least one of a plurality of compounds comprising:

at least one gas chromatograph;

a sample collection means connected between said air and said at least one gas chromatograph for providing at least one sample of said plurality of compounds to said at least one gas chromatograph;

at least a first calibrating gas means connected to said at least one gas chromatograph for calibrating said at least one gas chromatograph; and

a digital data processor connected to operate and control said at least one gas chromatograph, said sample collection means and said at least first calibrating gas means for analyzing said at least one sample to determine the concentration of said at least one of a plurality of compounds in said air and thereby the presence of different types of emissions in said air.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, further including at least a second gas chromatograph and wherein said at least one sample is fed to said at least first and second gas chromatographs and is processed in parallel by said at least first and second gas chromatographs to determine the concentration of said at least one of a plurality of compounds.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said at least one gas chromatograph is a plurality of gas chromatographs and wherein said at least one sample is fed to at least two of said plurality of gas chromatographs and is processed in parallel by said at least two gas chromatographs to determine the concentration of said at least one of a plurality of compounds.

9. A method for monitoring the inlet and discharge air streams of a cleaning element, said inlet air stream containing at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound, in order to monitor the cleaning effect achieved by said cleaning element, comprising the steps of:

calibrating at least one gas chromatograph using at least one of a plurality of calibrating gases;

sampling said inlet air stream containing said at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound;

providing said sample of said inlet air stream to said at least one gas chromatograph;

operating said at least one gas chromatograph to analyze said sample of said inlet air stream to determine the presence of said at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound in said inlet air stream, as well as its concentration;

sampling said discharge air stream;

providing said sample of said discharge air stream to said at least one gas chromatograph to which said sample of said inlet air stream was provided and;

operating said at least one gas chromatograph to analyze said sample of said discharge air stream to determine the presence of said at least one volatile or semi-volatile compound in said discharge air stream, as well as its concentration.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said calibrating, sampling, providing and analyzing steps are performed on a continuous basis under control of a digital data processor.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of calibrating utilizes at least three different calibrating gases.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said at least one gas chromatograph is alternatingly calibrated using each one of said at least three different calibrating gases.

13. A method for monitoring the inlet and discharge air streams of a cleaning element, said inlet air stream containing a plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds, in order to monitor the cleaning effect achieved by said cleaning element, comprising the steps of:

calibrating a plurality of gas chromatographs, each using at least one of a plurality of calibrating gases;

sampling said inlet air stream containing said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds;

providing said sample of said inlet air stream to said plurality of gas chromatographs;

operating said plurality of gas chromatographs to analyze said sample of said inlet air stream to determine the presence of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds in said inlet air stream, as well as their concentrations;

sampling said discharge air stream;

providing said sample of said discharge air stream to said plurality of gas chromatographs to which said sample of said inlet air stream was provided; and

operating said plurality of gas chromatographs to analyze said sample of said discharge air stream to determine the presence of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds in said discharge air stream as well as their concentrations.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said calibrating, sampling, providing and analyzing steps are performed on a continuous basis under control of a digital data processor.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein each one of said plurality of gas chromatographs is operated to analyze its respective inlet and discharge air streams for the presence of a different one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein each of said plurality of gas chromatographs is operated on a simultaneous basis for monitoring for a respective one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds, as well as its concentration.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein at least two of said plurality of gas chromatographs are operated to monitor for the same one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds, but within different ranges of concentration.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein at least two of said gas chromatographs are operated to monitor for the same one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds using different operating conditions.

19. The method of claim 13, wherein said step of calibrating utilizes at least three different calibrating gases.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein each of said plurality of gas chromatographs is alternatingly calibrated using each one of said at least three different calibrating gases.

21. A method for analyzing and measuring a plurality of inlet and discharge air streams for the presence of one or more of a plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds in said plurality of air streams, comprising the steps of:

calibrating a plurality of gas chromatographs, each using at least one of a plurality of calibrating gases;

sampling each of said plurality of inlet air streams containing one or more of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds;

providing each respective one of said plurality of inlet air stream samples to a different one of a plurality of gas chromatographs;

operating said plurality of gas chromatographs to analyze a respective inlet air stream sample to measure the presence and concentration of one of said one or more of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds in that respective inlet air stream sample;

sampling each of said plurality of discharge air streams;

providing each respective one of said plurality of discharge air stream samples to a different one of said plurality of gas chromatographs; and

operating said plurality of gas chromatographs to analyze a respective discharge air stream sample to measure the presence and concentration of one of said one or more of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds in that respective discharge air stream sample.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said calibrating, sampling, providing and analyzing steps are performed on continuous basis under control of a digital data processor.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein each of said plurality of gas chromatographs is operated to analyze its respective inlet and discharge air streams for the presence of a different one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein each of said plurality of gas chromatographs is operated on a simultaneous basis for monitoring for a respective one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds, as well as its concentration.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein at least two of said plurality of gas chromatographs are operated to monitor for the same one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds, but within different ranges of concentration.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein at least two of said gas chromatographs are operated to monitor for the same one of said plurality of volatile or semi-volatile compounds using different operating conditions.

27. The method of claim 21, wherein said step of calibrating utilizes at least three different calibrating gases.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein each of said plurality of gas chromatographs is alternatingly calibrated using each one of said at least three different calibrating gases.