Object-oriented system for servicing windows

• US 5,668,997 A
• Filed: 12/18/1995
• Issued: 09/16/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/25/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Object Technology Licensing Corporation
• Inventors: Zias, Jeff A., Marsh, Donald M., Milne, Steve H., Lynch-Freshner, Lawrence A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Black, Thomas G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HO, RUAY L
• Application Number:
  US08/573,916
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• Field of Search: 395/333, 395/683, 395/500, 395/701, 395/712, 395/201, 395/800
• US Class Current: 719/329
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/451 Execution arrangements for user interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/14 Display of multiple viewports

Abstract

A window server communicates with clients and creates, destroys and modifies window objects. Objects are created in response to parameters provided by clients. Clients can obtain a variety of information regarding windows managed by the window server. Hardware windows are supported by subclassing objects, which provides polymorphic screen objects. Therefore, it does not matter whether the window is created by a hardware or software entity. Clients may be notified by the window server in response to certain events occurring with respect to particular windows, such as a configuration change. The window server also dynamically manages a default window layering scheme which takes into account the parameters specified, or not specified, by clients as well as the characteristics of the windows currently being managed by the window server. The window server also supports window clustering, which allows a window to span monitors. The window server also allows extensive changes to the characteristics of the desktop in response to configuration programs.

Claims

1. An apparatus for allocating and managing a plurality of windows on a display device for use by client applications and a user, the apparatus comprising:

(a) a screen buffer for storing display information, the display information being mapped to picture elements of the display device;

(b) a display adapter for obtaining the display information from the screen buffer and responsively causing an image to be displayed on the display device;

(c) a memory holding the client applications;

(d) a processor under the control of the client applications;

(e) visible area managing means, responsive to a user window manipulation request, for maintaining visible area definitions of each of the windows, each visible area definition defining a clipping region of an associated window and specifying a portion of the screen buffer to hold screen information for the associated window;

(f) update area managing means, responsive to a user window manipulation request, for maintaining update area definitions for each of the windows, each update area definition defining a damaged region of the window that is damaged as a result of the user manipulation request, the update area managing means including notification means for notifying a client application that the update area definition of a window is non-empty; and

(g) window creation means, responsive to a client application window creation request, for creating a new window on the display device, the window creation means including means for creating in an address space of the memory associated with the requesting client application a window object associated with the new window, the window object having means for obtaining a valid cached copy of a visible area definition for the associated window from the visible area managing means;

wherein each client application Includes means for issuing a window creation request to the window creation means to thereby create an associated window object, and wherein the client application further includes means for invoking the window object created in the address space of the client application to obtain a valid cached copy of a visible area definition;

means for directly storing display information in the portion of the screen buffer specified by the obtained, valid cached visible area definition; and

means for updating a damaged region of a window under the control of an update area definition and in response to being notified by the notification means.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the visible area managing means maintains the visible area definitions in a shared region of the memory, the shared region being protected against simultaneous multiple use by semaphore controls.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the visible area managing means includes means for maintaining in the memory time stamps for each of the visible area definitions to indicate a version of the visible area definition, and

wherein each window object includes a cached version of the visible area definition for the associated window and includes a cached time stamp indicating a version of the cached copy of the visible area definition, and

wherein the means for obtaining a valid cached copy of a visible area definition includes

means for obtaining the time stamp of a visible area definition from the visible area managing means,

means for comparing the time stamp to the cached time stamp to determine whether the cached copy of the visible area definition is a current version, and

means for retrieving a visible area definition from the visible area managing means, if the means for comparing indicates the cached copy of the visible area definition is not a current version.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the semaphore controls includes a drawing semaphore with a shared mode and an exclusive mode,

wherein a client application and associated window object includes means for acquiring the drawing semaphore under the shared mode, when storing display information in the screen buffer, so as to allow another client application to also store display information in the screen buffer;

and

wherein the window creation means includes means for acquiring the drawing semaphore under the exclusive mode, when creating a new window, so as to prohibit the client applications from using the screen buffer, while the drawing semaphore is acquired under the exclusive mode.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the drawing semaphore is a recoverable semaphore and wherein the apparatus further includes means for detecting whether the client applications or the window creation means has died without releasing the semaphore and for releasing the semaphore, in response thereto.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the client application window creation request includes parameter information indicating whether damaged regions of the new window should be automatically erased, and

wherein the apparatus includes means for maintaining the information indicating whether damaged regions of the windows should be automatically erased, and

wherein the update area managing means includes means for erasing the damaged region of a window before notifying a client application with the notification means that the update area of a window is non-empty.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the apparatus includes a window object class definition in the memory, the window object class definition defining a polymorphic protocol of communication between a window object and a client application, and wherein the means for creating a window object includes means for instantiating the window object from the window object class definition, and

wherein the apparatus further includes a hardware window object subclass in the memory and being derived from and thereby inheriting the polymorphic protocol of communication of, the window object class,

a hardware window drawing device for storing display information in the screen buffer,

hardware window creation means, responsive to a hardware window creation request, for creating a hardware window, the hardware window creation means including means for creating a hardware window object in the memory by instantiating a hardware window object from the hardware window object subclass, the hardware window object having means for controlling the hardware window drawing device to store display information of the hardware window in the screen buffer;

and

wherein the client application includes means for communicating under the polymorphic protocol so as to select, during run-time of the client application, between a window object and a hardware window object to cause display information to be stored in the screen buffer,

thereby allowing a client application to use the hardware window drawing device if it is present, while allowing the client application to remain operable regardless of whether the hardware window drawing device is present.

8. A computer-implemented method of allocating and managing a plurality of windows on a display device for use by client applications and a user, in a computer system having a screen buffer for storing display information, the display information being mapped to picture elements of the display device, a display adapter for obtaining the display information from the screen buffer and responsively causing an image to be displayed on the display device, a memory holding the client applications, and a processor under the control of the client applications, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) in response to a user window manipulation request, maintaining visible area definitions of each of the windows, each visible area definition defining a clipping region of an associated window and specifying a portion of the screen buffer to hold screen information for the associated window;

(b) in response to a user window manipulation request, maintaining update area definitions for each of the windows, each update area definition defining a damaged region of the window that is damaged as a result of the user manipulation request,

(c) notifying a client application that the update area definition of a window is non-empty;

(d) in response to a client application window creation request, creating a new window on the display device, including the step of creating in an address space of the memory associated with the requesting client application a window object associated with the new window, the window object having a mechanism for obtaining a valid cached copy of a visible area definition for the associated window;

(e) each client application issuing a window creation request to thereby create an associated window object;

(f) each client application invoking the window object to thereby obtain the valid cached copy of the visible area definition of the window object

(g) each client application using the obtained, valid cached copy of the visible area definition to directly store display information in the portion of the screen buffer specified by the visible area definition of the window object; and

(g) each client application updating a damaged region of a window under the control of an update area definition In response to being notified that the update area of a window is non-empty.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein step (a) includes the step of

(a.1) maintaining the visible area definitions in a shared region of the memory, the shared region being protected against simultaneous multiple use by semaphore controls.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein step (a) includes the step of

(a.2) maintaining in the memory time stamps for each of the visible area definitions to indicate a version of the visible area definition, and wherein step (d) includes the step of

d.1) creating a window object that includes a mechanism for holding a cached version of the visible area definition for the associated window and includes a mechanism for holding a cached time stamp indicating a version of the cached copy of the visible area definition, and wherein the mechanism for obtaining a valid cached copy of a visible area definition comprises the following steps:

(d.1.1) obtaining the time stamp of a visible area definition,

(d.1.2) comparing the time stamp to the cached time stamp to determine whether the cached copy of the visible area definition is a current version, and

(d.1.3) retrieving a visible area definition from the visible area managing means, if the means for comparing indicates the cached copy of the visible area definition is not a current version.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein the semaphore controls includes a drawing semaphore with a shared mode and an exclusive mode, and wherein the method further comprises the steps of

(h) a client application and associated window object acquiring the drawing semaphore under the shared mode, when storing display information in the screen buffer, so as to allow another client application to also store display information in the screen buffer;

and

wherein step (d) includes the step of

(d.2) acquiring the drawing semaphore under the exclusive mode, when creating a new window, so as to prohibit the client applications from using the screen buffer, while the drawing semaphore is acquired under the exclusive mode.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the drawing semaphore is a recoverable semaphore and wherein the method further includes the steps of

(i) detecting whether the client applications or another mechanism has died without releasing the semaphore, and

(j) releasing the semaphore, in response to step (i).

13. The method of claim 8 wherein the client application window creation request includes parameter information indicating whether damaged regions of the new window should be automatically erased, and wherein the method further includes the step of

(k) maintaining the information indicating whether damage regions of the windows should be automatically erased, and

(l) erasing the damaged region of a window before performing notifying step (c).

14. The method of claim 8 wherein the computer system includes a window object class definition in the memory, defining a polymorphic protocol of communication between a window object and a client application, and a hardware window drawing device for storing display information in the screen buffer, and wherein the method further includes the steps of

(m) defining a hardware window object subclass in the memory by deriving the subclass from the window object class, thereby causing the subclass to inherit the polymorphic protocol of communication of the window object class,

(n) in response to a hardware window creation request, creating a hardware window, the hardware window creation means including the step of creating a hardware window object in the memory by instantiating a hardware window object from the hardware window object subclass, the hardware window object having a mechanism for controlling the hardware window drawing device to store display information of the hardware window in the screen buffer;

and

(o) a client application communicating under the polymorphic protocol so as to select, during run-time of the client application, between a window object and a hardware window object to cause display information to be stored in the screen buffer,

thereby allowing a client application to use the hardware window drawing device if it is present, while allowing the client application to remain operable regardless of whether the hardware window drawing device is present.