Power transfer method and apparatus for uninterruptible power systems

• US 5,670,833 A
• Filed: 11/23/1994
• Issued: 09/23/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Waukesha Electric Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: General Signal Power Systems, Inc. (Schneider Electric SE)
• Inventors: Mengelt, Kevin R., Schultz, Mark L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shoop, Jr., William M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): KAPLAN, JONATHAN STUART
• Application Number:
  US08/344,286
• Time in Patent Office: 1,035 Days
• Field of Search: 307/64, 307/65, 307/66, 307/85, 307/86, 307/87, 364/492, 364/480, 364/273, 364/273.1, 364/273.2, 364/273.3, 364/273.4, 364/273.5, 364/948.4, 364/948.5, 364/948.91
• US Class Current: 307/66
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/06 with automatic change-over , e.g. UPS systems

Abstract

An uninterruptible power system having a main power path between input and output terminals monitors the phase of the voltages at the input and output terminals while power is applied to the input terminals from an AC power source. The phase difference between the voltages at the input and output terminals is determined and, upon occurrence of a fault in the power supplied to the input terminals, an inverter is turned on to provide power to the load at a frequency which matches the frequency of the input voltage before the fault and at a phase which is the phase of the voltage at the input terminals before the fault corrected in accordance with the phase difference determined before the fault. Prior to transfer of the supply of power back to the main AC power source when the fault ends, the phase and frequency of the voltage at the input terminals is again measured. The frequency of the voltage from the inverter is adjusted to match that of the voltage at the input terminals, while the phase is adjusted to the phase of the input voltage corrected by a selected phase difference. The selected phase difference may be the last phase difference determined before occurrence of the fault, or a phase difference which is corrected based on the current drawn by the load where the phase shift between the input and output terminals in the uninterruptible power system changes as a function of load current.

Claims

1. An improved uninterruptible power system of the type having input terminals connectable to an AC power source, output terminals connectable to a load, a main power path between the input and output terminals, a power transfer device in the main power path which affects the phase of the voltage at the output terminals as compared to the phase of the voltage at the input terminals, an auxiliary power source, an inverter connected to the auxiliary power source to provide power when needed to the output terminals, a controllable switch in the main power path to selectively isolate the input terminals from the output terminals, and a controller which determines when a fault has occurred in the power supplied from the AC power source and, in response, opens the switch to isolate the input and the output terminals and turns on and controls the inverter to supply AC power to the output terminals at a selected frequency and phase, the improvement comprising:

means in the controller for monitoring the voltages at the input and output terminals during normal supply of power in the main power path from the input terminals to the output terminals and determining the phase difference between the voltages at the input and output terminals, and upon a fault condition for opening the switch and turning on the inverter, and for controlling the inverter to provide output voltage therefrom to the output terminals at a frequency determined from the voltage at the input terminals prior to the fault condition and at a phase which is the phase of the voltage at the input terminals prior to the fault corrected in accordance with the phase difference between the voltages at the input and output terminals prior to the fault.

2. The uninterruptable power system of claim 1 wherein the power transfer device is a ferroresonant transformer.

3. The uninterruptable power system of claim 1 including a phase locked loop coupled to the input terminals to track the frequency and phase of the voltage at the input terminals.

4. The uninterruptable power system of claim 1 wherein the control means further monitors the voltage at the input terminals when the inverter is supplying power to the output terminals, determines when the power is restored from the AC power source to the input terminals, and measures the frequency and phase of the voltage at the input terminals and controls the operation of the inverter to cause the inverter to provide voltage at the output terminals at a frequency matched to the frequency of the voltage at the input terminals and at a phase which is the phase of the input voltage corrected in accordance with a selected phase difference.

5. The uninterruptable power system of claim 4 wherein the controller determines the selected phase difference as the last phase difference between the voltages at the input and output terminals before occurrence of the fault in the power provided to the input terminals by the AC power source.

6. The uninterruptable power system of claim 4 further comprising means for measuring the output current provided by the inverter to the load and a memory in which is stored data relating a preferred corrected phase difference value between the input and output terminal voltages at different levels of output current drawn by the load, wherein the controller utilizes the measured value of output current to retrieve from the memory the appropriate value of corrected phase difference for that level of output current, wherein the controller utilizes the value of the phase difference retrieved from the memory to adjust the phase of the voltage provided by the inverter, and then turns the inverter off and closes the switch in the main power path to provide power through the main power path from the input terminals to the output terminals.

7. The uninterruptable power system of claim 4 wherein the control of the inverter and the determination of the corrected phase difference is carried out in a microprocessor controller.

8. The uninterruptable power system of claim 1 wherein the means for determining the phase difference between the voltages at the input and output terminals includes a band-pass filter receiving the voltage across the input terminals and providing an output voltage which is filtered to pass frequencies centered at the nominal frequency of the input voltage, a zero crossing detector receiving the filtered input voltage and providing a two level output waveform which changes at the zero crossings of the filtered output voltage, a zero crossing detector receiving the output voltage at the output terminals and providing a two level output waveform which changes state at the zero crossings of the output voltage, and a gate for receiving the outputs of the input zero crossing detector and the output zero crossing detector and providing a pulse output which is proportional to the difference in the time between the zero crossings of the input and output voltage waveforms.

9. A method of transferring the supply of power in an uninterruptible power system having input terminals connected to an AC power source, output terminals connected to a load, and a main power path between the input and output terminals with a power transfer device in the main power path which affects the phase of the voltage at the output terminals as compared to the phase of the voltage at the input terminals, comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the voltage applied to the input terminals by an AC power source and determining when a fault in the power from the AC power source occurs;

(b) monitoring the AC voltage applied to the input terminals by the AC power source and the voltage at the output terminals when AC power is provided by the AC power source to the input terminals, determining the phase difference between the voltages at the input and output terminals, and determining the frequency and phase of the voltage at the input terminals prior to a fault; and

(c) upon occurrence of a fault in the power applied to the input terminals by the AC power source, opening a switch in the main power path to interrupt the supply of power between the input and output terminals and providing AC power from an auxiliary power source to the output terminals at the same frequency as the voltage applied to the input terminals before the fault and at a phase which is the phase of the input voltage before the fault corrected in accordance with the phase difference between the voltages at the input and output terminals before the fault.

10. The method of claim 9 including the further steps of:

monitoring the voltage at the input terminals while the main power path is interrupted and power is supplied to the output terminals by the auxiliary power source and determining when power is restored to the input terminals from the main AC power source;

then measuring the frequency and phase of the voltage at the input terminals when the power is restored from the main AC power source;

then changing the frequency of the voltage applied to the output terminals from the auxiliary power source to match the frequency of the voltage at the input terminals and at a phase which is the phase of the voltage at the input terminals corrected in accordance with a selected phase difference;

then ceasing supply of power to the output terminals from the auxiliary power source and completing a power transfer path through the main power path from the input terminals to the output terminals to resume supply of power from the main AC power source to the load.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the selected phase difference is the last phase difference determined between the voltages at the input and output terminals before occurrence of the fault in the power provided to the input terminals from the AC power source.

12. The method of claim 10 including the further steps of measuring the current provided by the auxiliary power source to the load, providing a memory in which data is stored relating a preferred corrected phase difference between the input and output terminal voltages to different levels of output current drawn by the load, using the measured current provided to the load to determine from the memory the preferred corrected phase difference between the input and output voltages at that level of current, and using the corrected phase difference so determined as the selected phase difference by which the phase of the voltage provided by the auxiliary power source to the load is corrected before discontinuing supply of power from the auxiliary power source and resupplying power through the main power path from the main AC power source to the load.