Article comprising a microcavity light source

• US 5,674,636 A
• Filed: 09/13/1995
• Issued: 10/07/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Agere Systems Incorporated (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Dodabalapur, Ananth, Miller, Timothy Mark, Rothberg, Lewis Josiah
• Primary Examiner(s): NOLD, CHARLES R
• Application Number:
  US08/528,389
• Time in Patent Office: 755 Days
• Field of Search: 428/690, 428/691, 428/917, 385/47, 385/131, 313/504, 372/41, 372/6, 372/2, 372/44, 359/838
• US Class Current: 428/690
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/36 comprising organic materials
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 33/12 Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 33/22 characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 50/852 comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
• CPC Class Codes: H10K 59/876 comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/917 Electroluminescent

Abstract

Optical microcavities are potentially useful as light emitters for, e.g., flat panel displays. Such microcavities comprise a layer structure, including two spaced apart reflectors that define the cavity, with a layer or layers of organic (electroluminescent) material disposed between the reflectors. We have discovered that a microcavity can simultaneously emit radiation of two or more predetermined colors such that the emission has a desired apparent color, exemplarily white. Emission of two or more colors requires that the effective optical length of the cavity is selected such that the cavity is a multimode cavity, with the wavelengths of two or more of the standing wave modes that are supported by the cavity lying within the emission region of the electroluminescence spectrum of the active material. A particular embodiment with two organic emitting (active) layers is disclosed.

Claims

1. An article comprising a layer structure on a major surface of a substrate body, said layer structure comprising

a) spaced apart first and second reflectors defining a microcavity of effective optical length L;

b) at least one active layer that comprises organic material capable of electroluminescence, and having an electroluminescence spectrum including an emission region, with at least a portion of the active layer disposed between said reflector means; and

c) electrodes that facilitate flowing a current through the at least portion of the active layer such that the microcavity can be caused to emit radiation;

CHARACTERIZED IN THAT

d) the layer structure comprises at least a first and a second active layer, with at least a portion of each of said active layers disposed between said reflector means, and with said first and second active layers having a combined electroluminescence spectrum including an emission region; and

e) the effective optical length L is selected such that the microcavity is a multimode cavity that simultaneously supports at least two modes of radiation, each of said modes having a wavelength within said emission region of said combined electroluminescence spectrum, such that the microcavity can simultaneously emit radiation of at least two predetermined colors.

2. Article according to claim 1, wherein the layer structure further comprises

i) an electron transport layer;

or

ii) a hole transport layer;

or

iii) a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer.

3. Article according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said reflectors comprises a multilayer dielectric mirror.

4. Article according to claim 1, wherein the layer structure further comprises a filler layer disposed between the reflectors.

5. Article according to claim 1, wherein the layer structure further comprises a scattering layer disposed outside the microcavity.

6. Article according to claim 1, wherein L is selected such that at least one of said two modes is a third order or higher standing wave mode of the microcavity.

7. Article according to claim 1, wherein the article comprises a multiplicity of microcavities of effective optical length L.

8. Article according to claim 7, the article further comprising a multiplicity of microcavities of effective optical length L'"'"'≠

L.

9. Article according to claim 8, wherein L'"'"' is selected such that the microcavities of effective optical length L'"'"' are multimode microcavities.

10. Article according to claim 6, wherein associated with the layer structure is a re-combination region, and wherein the layer structure is selected such that at least one of said standing wave modes has a node or an antinode substantially in the re-combination region.

11. Article according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said active layers comprises a substantially non-emissive host organic material doped with an emissive organic dopant material.

12. Article according to claim 1, comprising a gold electrode.

13. Article according to claim 1, comprising an electrode comprising a metal selected from Al, In, Mg, Ca, and alloys thereof.

14. Article according to claim 13, wherein said electrode comprises two or more metal layers.

15. Article according to claim 1, wherein the article is a flat panel display, apparatus comprising optical interconnects, optical fiber communication apparatus, LED printing apparatus, a cellular telephone, a wrist telephone, or a personal communicator.

16. Article according to claim 3, wherein one of said reflectors is a portion of a patterned metal layer.

17. Article according to claim 1, wherein the substrate body comprises a glass body having two major surfaces.

18. Article of claim 17, wherein it least one major surface of the glass body is coated with a coating material having a refractive index higher than the refractive index of the glass body.

19. Article of claim 18, wherein said coating material is TiO₂.

20. Article according to claim 16, wherein at least one of said first and second active layers comprises material selected from the group consisting of Alq, aromatic hydrocarbons, poly(phenylene vinylenes), oxadiazole or stilbene derivatives, and any of the foregoing doped with a dopant selected from the group consisting of coumarins and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-4H-pyrans;

wherein the multilayer dielectric mirror comprises alternating layers of SiO₂ and SiN_x, or SiO₂ and TiO₂ ;

wherein the patterned metal layer comprises material selected from Al, In, Mg, Ca, and alloys thereof; and

wherein said electrodes for applying an electric field across said at least portion of the active layer comprise indium tin oxide or doped polyaniline.

21. Article according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and second active layers comprises material selected from the group consisting of materials of non-polymeric molecular structure that comprise a five or six-membered heterocyclic moiety selected from oxazoles, imidazoles, quinolines and piperazines, with at least three organic substituents pendant thereto.

22. Article according to claim 21, wherein one of said first and second active layers comprises 2-naphthyl-4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3 oxazole.

23. An article according to claim 1, wherein the layer structure is selected such that said at least two colors provide an apparent color that substantially is white.