Conductive polymer coated fabrics for chemical sensing

• US 5,674,752 A
• Filed: 10/16/1995
• Issued: 10/07/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Navy Department United States of America The As Represented By The Secretary of The Navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Collins, Greg, Buckley, Leonard J.
• Primary Examiner(s): SNAY, JEFFREY R
• Application Number:
  US08/543,412
• Time in Patent Office: 722 Days
• Field of Search: 436/151, 436/902, 422/82.02, 422/83, 422/90, 422/98, 324/464, 338/34, 338/13, 73/31.01, 73/31.02, 73/31.05, 73/31.03
• US Class Current: 436/151
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/126 comprising organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0031 comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0047 Organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/902 Dosimeter

Abstract

A fabric chemical sensor, a process and an apparatus is disclosed. The sensor, process and apparatus are for the detection, classification, identification and/or quantitation of one or more component chemicals of a chemical vapor via a resistance measurment made across sensor in response to exposure of the sensor to the chemical vapor.

Claims

1. A process for the detection of one or more component chemicals of a chemical vapor, said process comprising the steps of:

(i) electrically connecting one or more fabric chemical sensors to a power source, said one or more fabric chemical sensors comprising one or more sensor elements, said sensor elements woven into a fabric of insulating fibers, said fibers being coated with one or more conductive polymers, each of said fabric chemical sensors having a baseline resistance;

(ii) exposing at time=t₀ over said one or more fabric chemical sensors a chemical vapor, said chemical vapor comprising one or more component chemicals;

(iii) detecting and quantifying a change in said baseline resistance of said one or more fabric chemical sensors at a later time=t₁ in response to exposure of said one or more fabric chemical sensors to said chemical vapor; and

(iv) resolving and classifying from said change in said baseline resistance the identity of at least one of said one or more component chemicals of said chemical vapor.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein said power source is a direct current battery, wherein said insulating fiber is selected from the group consisting of PET, nylon and mixtures thereof, and wherein said conductive polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(pyrrole), poly(aniline) and mixtures thereof.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein said detecting and quantifying is accomplished using an electrometer and wherein said resolving and classifying is accomplished using a means for data acquisition.

4. The process of claim 3 wherein said means for data acquisition is a data acquisition algorithm.

5. The process of claim 1 wherein said one or more conductive polymers are doped with one or more dopants.

6. The process of claim 5 wherein said one or more dopants are selected from the group consisting of PTSA, NDSA, N2SA, AQSA, chloride ion and mixtures thereof.

7. The process of claim 5 wherein said one or more conductive polymers are coated with one or more bilayer polymers.

8. The process of claim 7 wherein said one or more bilayer polymers are selected from the group consisting of PEI, PIB, SXFA, FPOL and mixtures thereof.

9. An apparatus for the detection of one or more component chemicals of a chemical vapor, said apparatus comprising:

(i) one or more fabric chemical sensors comprising one or more sensor elements, said one or more sensor elements being woven into a fabric of insulating fibers, said fibers being coated with one or more conductive polymers;

(ii) a power supply being electrically connected to said one or more fabric chemical sensors, said one or more fabric chemical sensors having a measurable baseline resistance;

(iii) a means for exposing a chemical vapor over said one or more fabric chemical sensors sufficient to measure a reproducible change in said baseline resistance, said chemical vapor further comprising one or more component chemicals;

(iv) a means for detecting and quantifying said change in said baseline resistance in response to said exposure of said one or more fabric chemical sensors to said chemical vapor; and

(v) a means for resolving from said change in said baseline resistance a classification of the identity of at least one of said one or more component chemicals of said chemical vapor.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said one or more conductive polymers are doped with one or more dopants.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said one or more dopants are selected from the group consisting of PTSA, NDSA, N2SA, AQSA, chloride ion and mixtures thereof.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said one or more conductive polymers are coated with one or more bilayer polymers.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein said one or more bilayer polymers are selected from the group consisting of PEI, PIB, SXFA, FPOL and mixtures thereof.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said insulating fibers are selected from the group consisting of PET, nylon and mixtures thereof.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said conductive polymers are selected from the group consisting of poly(pyrrole), poly(aniline) and mixtures thereof.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said power supply is a direct current battery.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said means for exposing is one or more fabric chemical sensors exposed to ambient atmosphere.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said means for detecting and quantifying is an electrometer.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said means for resolving is an artificial neural network.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said means for resolving is a pattern selectivity algorithm.

21. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said means for resolving is a means for data acquisition.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said means for data acquisition is a data acquisition algorithm.