Expiratory scavenging method and apparatus and oxygen control system for post anesthesia care patients

• US 5,676,133 A
• Filed: 06/04/1996
• Issued: 10/14/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 06/14/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Apotheus Laboratories Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Apotheus Laboratories Incorporated
• Inventors: Adams, Richard B., Liles, Richard A., Earsley, James L., De Villiers, James C., Hickle, Randall S., Pesa, William A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Millin, Vincent
• Assistant Examiner(s): SRIVASTAVA, VIRENDRA KUMAR
• Application Number:
  US08/658,199
• Time in Patent Office: 497 Days
• Field of Search: 128/200.14, 128/200.26, 128/204.18, 128/204.24, 128/204.27, 128/204.28, 128/205.12, 128/205.14, 128/205.25, 128/206.21 , 128/206.24, 128/206.25, 128/206.26, 128/206.28, 128/206.29, 128/205.15, 128/909, 128/910, 128/202.27, 128/206.22, 128/205.27 , 128/205.24
• US Class Current: 128/205.12
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/00 Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes stimulating the respiratory movement by mechanical, pneumatic or electrical means, iron lungs combined with gas breathing means A61H31/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/009 Removing used or expired gases or anaesthetic vapours filtering, sterilising or disinfecting the exhaust air in drainage systems A61M1/784; bacterial filters in the expiratory path A61M16/1065
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0093 by adsorption, absorption or filtration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/06 Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0688 by means of an adhesive
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0816 Joints or connectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0833 T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1055 bacterial
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1065 in the expiratory path
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0238 the material being a coating or protective layer

Abstract

An apparatus and method for preventing contamination of the Post Anesthesia Care Unit of A Hospital by the use of a mask sealed to the patient'"'"'s face and connected by a ventilator circuit to an airator that pulls a vacuum to exhaust the patient'"'"'s expirations to the outside atmosphere. The disclosure also includes a "oxyvent" which is a tube adapted to be attached to an oxygen tank and to a patient to provide a higher oxygen ratio to the patient and to provide forced ventilation to a patient who has difficulty ventilating.

Claims

1. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus for providing oxygen to a patient and for precluding contamination of the atmosphere of a post anesthesia care facility by a patient'"'"'s expirations of anesthesia gases or pathogens, said patient care apparatus comprising:

a) a generally transparent face mask having a mask base with a pliable outer edge carrying an adhesive for sealingly engaging the patient'"'"'s face to preclude leakage of gas from between a patient'"'"'s face and the outer edge of the mask base into the atmosphere, said mask base extending from said outer pliable edge toward a generally central opening to be positioned approximately above a patient'"'"'s mouth, said central opening including a seal-interlock component for sealingly receiving a cover adapter;

b) a generally transparent cover adapter carrying a mating seal-interlock component for sealingly mating with the seal component of said mask base, said cover adapter having a connector for connecting said mask to a ventilator circuit;

c) said mask including a quick disconnect device for removing at least a portion of said mask for quick access to a patient'"'"'s mouth or nasal passages;

d) a ventilator circuit removably and sealingly connected to said connector of said cover adapter, said circuit including a first conduit for delivering oxygen to a patient and a second conduit for receiving a patient'"'"'s expirations; and

e) an airator having a pneumatic circuit with a first inspiratory branch interconnected between an oxygen source and the first conduit for delivering the oxygen mixture to a patient, and a second expiratory branch interconnected between second conduit and a vacuum source for transmitting patient expirations, including contaminants, outside the patient'"'"'s atmosphere within a post anesthesia care facility.

2. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which

a) the adhesive is a pressure sensitive adhesive directly applied to the pliable outer edge of the mask.

3. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which

a) the adhesive comprises a foam adhesive bead having a sufficient cross sectional thickness as to compressingly engage and seal to a patient'"'"'s face.

4. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 3 in which said foam adhesive is provided with a release strip backing to protect the adhesive until use.

5. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said quick disconnect device of said face mask comprises a detent mechanism between said releasable seal interlock components for quickly disconnecting said adapter from the base and exposing the patient'"'"'s face.

6. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said cover adapter includes:

a) an opening for permitting insertion of a medical device into the patient'"'"'s mouth without removing said mask;

b) a flexible access cover for said opening formed of an elastic-stretchable material and having a small aperture there in for sealingly receiving a medical instrument; and

c) a removable cover cap normally positioned to extend over said flexible cover for sealing the interior of said mask, but removable when necessary to insert a medical device such as a suction catheter into a patient'"'"'s mouth.

7. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which the inspiratory branch and the expiratory branch of the airator are provided with inflatable bags to permit visual observation of a patient'"'"'s ventilation status and with a negative pressure relief valve to insure proper ventilation for a patient.

8. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 1 in which said airator is supported by a releasable mounting bracket to facilitate replacement thereof.

9. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus for protecting a patient'"'"'s environment from contamination by a patient'"'"'s exhalations of contaminants such as anesthesia gases or pathogens and for providing a patient with a controlled oxygen mixture for inhalation, said apparatus comprising:

a) a face mask formed of a generally transparent material having a base with an outer pliable surface for sealingly engaging a patient'"'"'s face to minimize leakage of gas from between the patient'"'"'s face and the outer pliable surface of the face mask, said base extending from said outer pliable surface towards a central cavity covering the patient'"'"'s mouth and nose and terminating in a coupler for sealingly coupling said mask to a ventilator circuit;

b) a ventilator circuit sealingly connected to said coupler of said mask and to an airator pneumatic circuit for transmitting inhalation and exhalation gases between the patient and the airator pneumatic circuit; and

c) an airator pneumatic circuit sealingly coupled to the ventilator circuit, said airator circuit including an inhalation circuit for connection with an oxygen mixture source and having at least one pressure relief valve permitting gas flow to the patient upon demand and an exhalation circuit connected to a vacuum source for transmitting a patient'"'"'s exhalations out of a patient'"'"'s environment, said exhalation circuit having at least one pressure relief for limiting the vacuum that is applied to the exhalation circuit.

10. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 9 in which said airator circuit is contained in a housing, and

a) said housing is provided with ports for facilitating connection to an oxygen mixture source, a patient and a vacuum source for facilitating proper ventilation of a patient, and

b) said housing and said circuits are provided with visual aid devices to facilitate observation of a patient'"'"'s breathing status.

11. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 9 in which

a) said face mask includes a quick detach device for permitting quick access to a patient'"'"'s mouth, and

b) said quick detach device comprises a seal interlock device releasably interconnecting said coupler and said mask.

12. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 9 in which

a) said outer pliable surface of said base is connected to said base by a hinge of a reduced cross sectional thickness to facilitate conformity and sealing engagement with the patient'"'"'s face, and

b) said surface carries an adhesive for sealingly engaging the patient'"'"'s face.

13. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 9 in which said coupler of said face mask is also provided with a capped opening for facilitating the insertion of a suction catheter into the patient'"'"'s mouth for suctioning excess fluids therefrom, said aperture including a flexible access cover with an aperture therein for sealingly receiving said catheter and for preventing the escape of a patient'"'"'s exhalations from about said catheter.

14. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 9 in which said outer pliable surface carries a compressible foam adhesive for sealing engagement with a patient'"'"'s face.

15. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 9 in which said mask coupler and said airator pneumatic circuits have standard ports for connection to the industry standard ventilator conduits for reducing the costs of using such an apparatus.

16. A post anesthesia patient care and scavenging apparatus, said apparatus comprising:

a) an airator connected to an enriched source of oxygen and a vacuum within a post anesthesia care area of a health care facility, said airator having couplings for connection to ventilation inspiratory and expiratory conduits;

b) said airator having an inspiratory pneumatic circuit interconnected between said enriched oxygen source and said inspiratory conduit and having at least one directional flow control valve therein for permitting flow from a post anesthesia care area to the inspiratory circuit in the event of a negative pressure therein;

c) said airator having an expiratory pneumatic circuit interconnected between said expiratory conduit and said vacuum, said expiratory circuit having at least one directional flow control valve therein for permitting flow from a post anesthesia care area to the expiratory circuit in the event of an excess negative pressure created by the vacuum;

d) a patient mask sealingly engaged to the patient'"'"'s face and adapted to be coupled to said ventilation conduits for delivering an enriched oxygen mixture to the patient and for delivering his expirations to the vacuum.

17. A post anesthesia patient care and scavenging apparatus as recited in claim 16 in which said mask has a quick disconnect device for quickly removing at least a portion of said mask and permitting immediate access to a patient'"'"'s mouth.

18. A post anesthesia patient care and scavenging apparatus as recited in claim 17 in which said quick disconnect device comprises a removable coupler that is sealingly and removably affixed to said mask so as to permit immediate removal thereof.

19. A post anesthesia patient care and scavenging apparatus as recited in claim 16 in which said mask is provided with a flexible suction aperture for permitting sealing access of a suction catheter into the patient'"'"'s mouth.

20. A three piece patient care mask, said mask comprising:

a) a base having a generally annular pliable, gas impervious edge for circumscribing a patient'"'"'s mouth and nose and extending to a central opening generally above the patient'"'"'s mouth;

b) an annular insert member sealingly molded and fixed within said central opening for receiving an adapter and for adding stiffness to said pliable base;

c) a closure adapter sealingly mounted within said insert, said adapter having a conduit connection for coupling said mask to a ventilator circuit for delivering an oxygen mixture to said patient and for scavenging the patient'"'"'s exhalations to the atmosphere;

d) a quick detachable physical interlock between said insert member and said adapter for precluding their inadvertent separation and for permitting immediate access to the patient'"'"'s mouth; and

e) at least one seal interposed in said central opening between the base and the adapter to preclude the loss of gases from between the base and the adapter.

21. A patient care mask as recited in claim 20 in which said base is provided with extension taps to facilitate the removal of the entire mask from a patient'"'"'s face.

22. A patient care mask as recited in claim 20 in which said seal is a radial type lip seal.

23. A patient care mask as recited in claim 20 in which said physical interlock comprises a resilient bayonet detent locking mechanism.

24. A patient care mask as set forth in claim 20 in which an adhesive is provided around the impervious edge of the base circumscribing a patient'"'"'s mouth.

25. A patient care mask as set forth in claim 24 in which the adhesive comprises a foam adhesive bead.

26. A post anesthesia patient care mask for preventing contamination of a hospital facility of anesthetic gases or pathogens, said mask comprising:

a) a base formed of a gas impervious material, said base having a pliable circumferential edge carrying an adhesive for sealingly engaging a patient'"'"'s face;

b) said base having a coupler defining a central cavity adapted to extend over a patient'"'"'s nose and mouth and having a connector for coupling said mask to a ventilator circuit for transmitting an oxygen mixture to the patient and for scavenging the patient'"'"'s exhalations to the atmosphere;

c) said coupler also having an access opening covered by a flexible, stretchable cover and a removable cap for permitting sealed insertion of a medical instrument through said cover and said access opening.

27. A post anesthesia patient care mask as recited in claim 26 in which said coupler is a quick detachable device sealingly and removably joined to said base.

28. A post anesthesia patient care mask as recited in claim 26 in which said mask carries at least one accessible pull tab that is free of adhesive for breaking the adhesive seal to the patient'"'"'s face and for removing said mask in an emergency.

29. A post anesthesia patient care mask as set forth in claim 26 in which

a) the adhesive is a hot melt adhesive;

and

b) said adhesive has a protective backing strip applied thereto prior to use.

30. A post anesthesia patient care mask as set forth in claim 26 in which the adhesive comprises a compressible foam adhesive bead for facilitating sealing engagement with the patient'"'"'s face.

31. A patient care mask for sealingly engaging a patient'"'"'s face, said mask comprising:

a) a base formed of a clear, gas impervious material joined to a central cavity adapted to extend over a patient'"'"'s nose and mouth and to couple to a ventilator circuit for transmitting an oxygen mixture to the patient and for scavenging the patient'"'"'s exhalations to the atmosphere;

b) said base having an outer edge for conforming to the patient'"'"'s face; and

c) a compressible cellular foamed adhesive defining a foam bead extending around the outer edge for sealingly engaging said outer edge and said mask to said patient.

32. A post anesthesia patient care airator apparatus for providing oxygen to a patient and for precluding contamination of a patient'"'"'s environment within a health care facility by a patient'"'"'s expirations of contaminants such as anesthesia gases and pathogens, said apparatus comprising:

a) a small portable housing with an oxygen port for receiving an oxygen-gas mixture, a patient inhalation port for delivering an oxygen-gas supply to a patient, and an expiration port for receiving a patient'"'"'s exhalations and a vacuum port for connection to a vacuum source;

b) an inspiratory circuit within said housing interconnecting the oxygen port with the patient inhalation port, and an expiratory circuit interconnecting the patient expiration port with the vacuum port;

c) said inspiratory circuit having a one-way valve for permitting oxygen to flow to the patient from the oxygen port and for precluding reverse flow, and a negative pressure relief valve for permitting the patient to breathe from the atmosphere of the facility in the event the oxygen supply is closed or malfunctions; and

d) said expiratory circuit having a one way valve for preventing patient rebreathing of his expiration, a positive pressure relief valve permitting the patient'"'"'s to expiration to exhaust to the atmosphere in the event of clogging of the vacuum source, and a negative pressure relief valve for permitting air to be drawn into the expiration circuit in the event excessive negative pressure is imposed on the expiration circuit;

e) said inhalation circuit being provided with a visible inspiratory reservoir bag; and

f) said exhalation circuit being provided with a visible expiratory reservoir bag.

33. A post anesthesia patient care airator apparatus as recited in claim 32 in which at least one of said valves comprise:

a) a base formed of a molded polycarbonate material, said base having an opening circumscribed by a raised disk valve seat and support structure for a retainer;

b) a light weight flat disk formed of a molded polycarbonate material adapted to sealingly engage said disk valve seat;

c) a retainer mounted on said support structure for retaining said disk above said seat and

d) said base having a positioning-retaining flange for facilitating assembly of said control valve within said circuits.

34. A low cost, post surgery apparatus for supplying an oxygen-gas mixture to a patient and for scavenging a patient'"'"'s expiration, said apparatus comprising:

a) a housing with an oxygen port for receiving an oxygen-gas mixture and an exhaust port for connection to a vacuum;

b) an inspiratory circuit within said housing interconnecting the oxygen port with a patient for providing an oxygen mixture to a patient, and an expiratory circuit interconnecting a patient with the exhaust port for scavenging his exhalations out of the patient'"'"'s health care area;

c) visual indicator devices interconnected to at least one of said circuits for providing a visual indicator of the patients ventilation status;

d) a mounting device for supporting said housing; and

e) a mounting mechanism removably interconnecting said airator housing with said mounting device and for facilitating replacement.

35. An airator apparatus as recited in claim 34 in which

a) said expiratory circuit is provided with a negative pressure relief valve to limit negative pressure generated in said expiratory circuit by said vacuum;

b) said expiratory circuit is also provided with provided with a positive pressure relief valve to permit the patient'"'"'s expiration to the atmosphere in the event of a vacuum malfunction.

36. A method of providing post anesthesia health care to a patient and for precluding contamination of a post anesthesia health care facility by patient expirations of anesthetic gases, said method comprising the steps of:

a) applying a gas impervious mask in sealing engagement to a patient'"'"'s face, said mask having a coupler for connection to a inspiratory and expiratory conduits;

b) connecting said mask and its coupler to an inspiratory circuit and delivering a controlled oxygen mixture to the patient;

c) connecting said mask and its coupler to an expiratory conduit and scavenging the patient'"'"'s expirations to the outside atmosphere via a vacuum source;

d) connecting said inspiratory and expiratory conduits to visual indicators for providing a visual observation of the patient'"'"'s respiratory function.

37. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus for providing enriched oxygen to the patient to prevent hemoglobin desaturation and for positively ventilating a patient who has difficulty breathing as a result of conditions such as anesthesia agents, neuromuscular blocking agents, high doses of narcotics, lung disease, etc, said post anesthesia apparatus comprising:

a) a face mask formed of a generally transparent material having a base with an outer pliable surface for sealingly engaging the patient'"'"'s face to minimize leakage of gas from between the patient'"'"'s face and the outer surface of the face mask, said base extending from said outer surface towards a central cavity covering the patient'"'"'s mouth and nose and terminating in a coupler conduit;

b) an oxyvent device comprising a generally tubular member having a first sealed interconnection with said coupler, and adapted to have a second sealed connection with an oxygen source, said oxyvent device having at least one aperture open to the atmosphere, said aperture being manually closable to apply intermittent positive pressure from the oxygen source to the patient to preclude oxygen desaturation.

38. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 37 in which

a) said face mask includes a quick detach device for permitting quick access to a patient'"'"'s mouth and nasal passages, and

b) said quick detach device comprises a release detent for disconnecting said coupler from said mask.

39. A post anesthesia patient care apparatus as recited in claim 37 in which said oxyvent device is provided with a relief orifice for preventing the application of excess pressure to the patient.

40. A low cost, oxyvent device for providing enriched oxygen to a patient to prevent hemoglobin desaturation and for positively and intermittently ventilating a patient who has difficulty breathing as a result of conditions such as anesthesia agents, neuromuscular blocking agents, high doses of narcotics, lung disease, etc., said oxyvent comprising:

a) a tubular conduit adapted to be interconnected between a patient and an oxygen pressure source;

b) two aperture in said conduit for permitting the patient to exhale without restriction, said apertures being momentarily closable by the application of a person'"'"'s thumb and finger to said apertures to forcibly ventilate a patient.