Piezoelectric film transducer sytem for bearings

• US 5,677,488 A
• Filed: 11/14/1995
• Issued: 10/14/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NTN Corporation
• Original Assignee: NTN Corporation
• Inventors: Fontenot, Kevin J., Monahan, Russell E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): FAYYAZ, NASHMIYA SAQIB
• Application Number:
  US08/557,905
• Time in Patent Office: 700 Days
• Field of Search: 73/593, 73/560, 73/661, 73/587, 73/DIG. 4, 340/680, 340/682, 364/683, 364/550
• US Class Current: 73/593
• CPC Class Codes: B60G 2204/115 Wheel hub bearing sensors
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 19/30 for axial load mainly
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 19/527 related to vibration and noise
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 2202/36 Piezoelectric
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 2208/34 Polyvinylidenefluoride [PVDF] F16C2208/58 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 2233/00 Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 5/0009 Force sensors associated with a bearing testing of bearings G01M13/04
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 5/0019 by using strain gages, piezoelectric, piezo-resistive or other ohmic-resistance based sensors
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 13/045 Acoustic or vibration analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 21/02 of speedometers
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 3/443 mounted in bearings bearings F16C
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 3/46 by measuring amplitude of generated current or voltage in general G01R19/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 3/481 of pulse signals
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 30/302 Sensors

Abstract

An in-use rolling element bearing monitoring system which uses a piezoelectric film transducer on either a bearing, bearing support structure, or on a separate washer in close proximity to a bearing for monitoring bearing performance. One embodiment provides a bearing monitoring system for detecting and predicting bearing failure. Another embodiment provides a system configured for detecting rotational speed of a rolling element bearing. Each embodiment of the invention entails maintaining a piezoelectric film transducer in contiguous pressure wave responsive communication with a bearing for detecting bearing performance, and provides the system in a compact configuration for in-use operation on a variety of machinery and vehicle components heretofore previously not compatible.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for in-use monitoring of a rolling element bearing in order to detect pressure waves generated in said bearing as a result of bearing damage and to detect pressure waves generated in said bearing as a result of bearing rotational speed, said monitoring system comprising:

said rolling element bearing having a support structure and a plurality of rolling elements;

at least two piezoelectric film transducers coupled to said support structure of said bearing on opposing sides thereof, said transducers receiving and sensing pressure waves generated by said rolling elements in said bearing, said transducers being mechanically responsive to said pressure waves generated within said bearing and said transducers being operable to output corresponding electrical signals in response to said pressure waves; and

detecting means for monitoring said electrical signals and for detecting a specific pressure wave recurring over intervals of time indicative of bearing damage and for detecting a specific pressure wave recurring over intervals of time indicative of rotational speed, said detecting means including electronic circuit means for comparing an electrical signal from one of said transducers with an electrical signal from another of said transducers, said circuit operable to cancel out common background noise in said signals by subtracting said signals from one another thereby resulting in signal spikes indicative of bearing damage and rotational speed when generated.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said pressure wave indicative of hearing damage is detected with said transducers via said detecting means to predict bearing failure by comparatively monitoring said signals from said transducers with a reference value indicating normal bearing operation and signaling when output deviates from said reference value.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said support structure is formed by an inner race of said bearing.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said support structure is formed by an outer race of said bearing.

5. The system of claim 3 wherein said bearing includes an axial face, said transducers being received on said axial face of said bearing.

6. The system of claim 3 wherein said bearing includes an outer circumferential surface, said transducers being received on said outer circumferential surface of said bearing.

7. The system of claim 1 further comprises a washer for receiving said transducers separate from said bearing, said washer being forcibly retained against said bearing so as to subject said transducers to said pressure waves.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein said detecting means comprises an electronic circuit means for differentiating bearing damage signals from background noise by comparatively monitoring said signals with a reference value so as to detect output deviation.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said electronic circuit means comprises a trip switch electrically conductive with an indicator light, said light operable in response to a threshold sensed signal output comparatively monitored via a comparator.

10. The system of claim 5 wherein a mounting recess is provided in said axial face, said transducers being received in said mounting recess.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein one of said transducers is mounted in a load zone of said bearing and another of said transducers is mounted opposite said load zone.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein said transducers are formed from a piezoelectric polar poly-vinylidene fluoride film.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein said transducers are of a homopolymer.

14. The system of claim 12 wherein said transducers are of a copolymer.

15. The system of claim 1 wherein said at least two piezoelectric film transducers include a pair of semicircular piezoelectric film transducers provided circumferentially about said support structure, said transducers positioned generally opposite one another.

16. The system of claim 1 wherein said at least two piezoelectric film transducers include an array of four transducers provided circumferentially about said support structure, said transducers spaced generally equidistant apart.

17. The system of claim 1 wherein said transducers are adhesively bonded to said bearing.

18. The system of claim 6 wherein a mounting recess is provided in said outer circumferential surface, said transducers being received in said mounting recess.