Methods and systems for interactive check authorizations

• US 5,679,938 A
• Filed: 12/02/1994
• Issued: 10/21/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: First Data Corporation (Fiserv Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Telecheck International Incorporated (Fiserv Incorporated)
• Inventors: Gulden, Gerald, Templeton, Randy Joe
• Primary Examiner(s): Hajec, Donald T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Le, Thien Minh
• Application Number:
  US08/349,734
• Time in Patent Office: 1,054 Days
• Field of Search: 235/379, 235/375, 235/380, 235/382, 235/381, 235/383, 340/225.31
• US Class Current: 235/379
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/04 Payment circuits
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/042 characterized in that the payment protocol involves at least one cheque
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/403 Solvency checks
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/08 by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means without personal verification means G07F7/02

Abstract

A check acceptance system provides interactive authorizations and off-line terminal approvals. A merchant uses an interactive transaction terminal to communicate with a check acceptance service'"'"'s authorization host computer. The terminal includes an electronic check reader and a magnetic stripe reader for reading magnetic stripe drivers licenses. The terminal acquires transaction data associated with a pending check transaction. The transaction data is analyzed to determine whether the transaction can be approved by the terminal. If so, an approval code is generated and a transaction packet including the transaction data and terminal approval code are stored in the terminal until subsequent communication with the host computer. If the pending transaction is not approved by the terminal, the transaction data is transmitted to the host computer. The host computer applies a risk scoring algorithm to the data to determine whether the transaction should be approved, declined, or whether additional information is needed. If the transaction is approved or declined, a response packet including authorization indicia is transmitted to the terminal. If additional data is needed, the host computer transmits prompts to the terminal. The terminal displays the prompts and the merchant enters the requested data into the terminal. A new transaction packet including the original transaction data and the additional requested data is transmitted to the host computer, where it is approved or declined.

Claims

1. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment for a transaction, comprising the steps of:

providing an authorization host system including a negative file storing information indicative of the prior payment history and demographic information about selected persons;

communicating a first transaction packet from a transaction terminal to the authorization host system, the first transaction packet comprising transaction information;

at the authorization host system, determining, based on the first transaction packet, whether to elicit additional information by accessing the negative file with the transaction information contained in the first transaction packet;

at the authorization host system, in response to a determination to elicit additional information, communicating a prompt to the transaction terminal;

at the transaction terminal, in response to receipt of the prompt, displaying the prompt;

at the transaction terminal, in response to display of the prompt, receiving additional information entered into the transaction terminal;

at the transaction terminal, communicating a second transaction packet to the authorization host system, the second transaction packet comprising the additional information including demographic information;

storing the demographic information in the negative file;

at the authorization host system, determining whether to authorize or decline the transaction based on the additional information contained in the second transaction packet; and

communicating authorization indicia from the authorization host system to the transaction terminal.

2. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of:

at the authorization host system, in response to a determination to authorize the transaction, communicating an approval code to the transaction terminal as the authorization indicia.

3. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 2, further comprising the step of:

at the transaction terminal, in response to receipt of the authorization indicia, whenever received, storing the authorization indicia in association with the transaction information and completing the transaction.

4. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, wherein the second transaction packet comprises the transaction information and the additional information.

5. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of determining whether to elicit additional information comprises applying a risk scoring algorithm to at least a portion of the data included in the first transaction packet.

6. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of determining whether to elicit additional information comprises the steps of:

based on the first transaction packet, determining whether to approve the transaction; and

based on the first transaction packet, determining whether to decline the transaction.

7. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, wherein the prompt is displayed on a display associated with the transaction terminal.

8. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, wherein the additional information is entered into the transaction terminal via a keypad associated with the transaction terminal.

68. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, wherein the transaction information is selected from the group comprising checking account number and driver'"'"'s license number.

69. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 1, wherein the demographic information is selected from the group comprising current telephone number, address, social security number, and mother'"'"'s maiden name.

9. A method for operating a transaction terminal to obtain authorization indicia from an authorization host computer, comprising the steps of:

receiving transaction data entered into the transaction terminal at the point of sale;

assembling a first transaction packet including the transaction data and interactive processing indicia indicative that the terminal is capable of interactive responses;

transmitting the first transaction packet to the authorization host computer;

receiving a first response packet from the authorization host computer;

determining whether the first response packet includes a prompt signal;

in response to a determination that the first response packet includes a prompt signal, displaying on a display associated with the transaction terminal a prompt corresponding to the prompt signal;

receiving additional data corresponding to the prompt;

assembling a second transaction packet including the additional data;

transmitting the second transaction packet to the authorization host computer;

receiving a second response packet from the authorization host computer; and

utilizing an authorization indicia contained in the second response packet.

10. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of initiating communication with the authorization host computer prior to transmitting the fast transaction packet.

11. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited m claim 10, further comprising the step of terminating communication between the transaction terminal and the authorization host computer after receiving the first response packet.

12. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited m claim 11, further comprising the step of initiating communication with the authorization host computer prior to transmitting the second transaction packet.

13. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein the interactive processing indicia comprises a flag set by the transaction terminal.

14. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein the interactive processing indicia comprises a merchant identification number.

15. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein receiving transaction data comprises electronically reading magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) data from a check.

16. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein receiving transaction data comprises electronically reading identification data from a magnetic stripe on an identification card.

17. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited m claim 9, wherein receiving transaction data comprises receiving transaction data via a keypad associated with the transaction terminal.

18. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein the transaction data is selected from the group comprising:

payment data, identification data, merchant data and product data.

19. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein the second transaction packet comprises the transaction data.

20. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein the second transaction packet comprises indicia indicating that the additional data is included.

21. A method for operating a transaction terminal as recited in claim 9, wherein the authorization indicia comprises an approval code or a decline code.

22. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment for a transaction at the point of sale, comprising the steps of:

receiving transaction data entered into a transaction terminal at the point of sale, the transaction data being associated with a pending transaction;

assembling in the transaction terminal a first transaction packet including the transaction data and an interactive processing indicia;

transmitting the first transaction packet from the transaction terminal to an authorization host computer;

at the authorization host computer, applying a risk scoring algorithm to at least a portion of the transaction data, the risk scoring algorithm providing a first transaction score;

in response to the first transaction score exceeding a predetermined approval value, assembling a first response packet including an approval code;

in response to the first transaction score falling below the predetermined approval value, determining whether the transaction terminal is capable of interactive processing;

in response to a determination that the transaction terminal is not capable of interactive processing, assembling first response packet including a decline code;

in response to a determination that the transaction terminal is capable of interactive processing, assembling a first response packet including a prompt signal associated with a request for additional data;

transmitting the first response packet to the transaction terminal;

at the transaction terminal, receiving the first response packet from the authorization host computer;

at the transaction terminal, determining whether the first response packet includes the prompt signal;

at the transaction terminal, in response to a determination that the first response packet includes the prompt signal, displaying on a display associated with the transaction terminal a prompt corresponding to the prompt signal;

receiving additional data entered into the transaction terminal, said additional data corresponding to the prompt;

assembling in the transaction terminal a second transaction packet including the additional data;

transmitting the second transaction packet from the transaction terminal to the authorization host computer;

at the authorization host computer, receiving the second transaction packet;

applying the risk scoring algorithm to at least a portion of the additional data the risk scoring algorithm providing a second transaction score;

in response to said second transaction score exceeding a predetermined approval value, assembling a second response packet including an authorization indicia, the authorization indicia comprising an approval code;

in response to the second transaction score falling below the predetermined approval value, assembling a second response packet including an authorization indicia, the authorization indicia comprising a decline code;

transmitting the second response packet from the authorization host computer to the transaction terminal;

at the transaction terminal, receiving the second response packet from the authorization host computer; and

displaying on the display the authorization indicia contained in the second authorization packet.

23. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 22, wherein the transaction data is selected from the group comprising:

payment data, identification data, merchant data and product data.

24. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 22, wherein the first transaction packet comprises interactive processing indicia, and the step of determining whether the transaction terminal is capable of interactive processing comprises detecting the interactive processing indicia.

25. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 22, wherein said the transaction packet comprises a merchant identification number, and the step of determining whether the transaction terminal is capable of interactive processing comprises analyzing data associated with the merchant identification number.

26. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 22, wherein the additional data comprises identification data associated with a customer.

27. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 22, further comprising the step of terminating communication between the authorization host computer and the transaction terminal after the transaction terminal receives the first response packet.

28. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 22, further comprising the step of determining whether the second transaction packet includes the additional data.

29. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 28, wherein the second transaction packet includes a response indicating the additional data is present.

30. A method for interactively authorizing a form of payment as recited in claim 22, further comprising the steps of:

searching a database for other data corresponding to the transaction data; and

applying the risk scoring algorithm to at least a portion of the other data.

31. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal, comprising:

a display for prompting a merchant to enter transaction data into the terminal;

a keypad for entering said transaction data into the terminal;

a magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) reader for reading check data from a check presented by a customer;

a communication port for communicating the transaction data and the check data to an authorization host computer system; and

a controller operative for;

assembling a first transaction packet including the transaction data, the check data and an interactive processing indicia;

transmitting the first transaction packet to the authorization host computer;

receiving a first response packet from the authorization host computer;

determining whether the first response packet includes a prompt signal;

in response to a determination that the first response packet includes a prompt signal, prompting the merchant to enter additional data into the terminal by displaying on the display a prompt corresponding to the prompt signal;

assembling a second transaction packet including the additional data;

transmitting the second transaction packet to the authorization host computer;

receiving a second response packet from the authorization host computer; and

displaying on the display an authorization indicia contained in the second response packet.

32. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, further comprising a magnetic stripe reader for reading identification data from an identification card presented by said customer.

33. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, wherein the transaction data is selected from the group comprising:

payment data, identification data, merchant data and product data.

34. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, wherein the second transaction packet comprises the transaction data and the check data.

35. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, wherein the second transaction packet comprises indicia indicating that the additional data is included.

36. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, further comprising the step of terminating communication between the transaction terminal and the authorization host computer after receiving the first response packet.

37. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, wherein the authorization indicia comprises an approval code or a decline code.

38. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, wherein the interactive processing indicia comprises a flag set by the transaction terminal.

39. An interactive point of sale transaction terminal as recited in claim 31, wherein the interactive processing indicia comprises a merchant identification number.

40. A method of operating an authorization host computer to receive a previously stored off-line transaction packet from a transaction terminal, comprising the steps of:

receiving a first transaction packet from the transaction terminal, the first transaction packet including transaction data and a first flag indicating that the transaction terminal has a stored off-line transaction packet for transmission to the authorization host computer;

determining that the first transaction packet includes the first flag;

transmitting to the transaction terminal a response packet, the response packet including an authorization indicia responsive to the transaction data and a second flag indicating that the authorization host computer is ready to receive the stored off-line transaction packet from the transaction terminal;

receiving the off-line transaction packet from the transaction terminal; and

storing data associated with the off-line transaction packet.

41. A method of operating an authorization host computer as recited in claim 40, wherein the transaction terminal is located at the point of sale and the first transaction packet comprises transaction data associated with a pending transaction.

42. A method of operating an authorization host computer as recited in claim 40, wherein the off-line transaction packet comprises transaction data associated with a previous transaction conducted at the point of sale.

43. A method of operating an authorization host computer as recited in claim 42, wherein the off-line transaction packet further comprises an off-line approval code provided by the transaction terminal.

44. A method of operating a transaction system for providing payment authorization for a transaction at the point of sale, comprising the steps of:

entering transaction data into a transaction terminal at the point of sale, the transaction data being associated with a pending transaction;

determining whether to approve the pending transaction at the transaction terminal;

in response to a determination to approve the pending transaction at the transaction terminal, displaying approval indicia at the transaction terminal;

storing in a memory associated with the transaction terminal an off-line transaction packet including indicia of the transaction;

in response to a determination that the pending transaction cannot be approved at the transaction terminal, transmitting a transaction packet to an authorization host computer for authorization, the transaction packet including at least a portion of the transaction data and a first flag indicating that the transaction terminal has a previously stored off-line transaction packet for transmission to the authorization host computer;

at the authorization host computer, receiving the transaction packet from the transaction terminal;

determining that the transaction packet includes the first flag;

transmitting to the transaction terminal an authorization indicia responsive to the transaction data and a second flag indicating readiness of the authorization host computer to receive the stored off-line transaction packet from the transaction terminal;

receiving the stored off-line transaction packet from the transaction terminal; and

storing data associated with the stored off-line transaction packet in memory associated with the authorization host computer.

45. A method of operating a transaction system as recited in claim 44, wherein the transaction data includes at least one member of the group comprising payment data, identification data, merchant data and product data.

46. A method of operating a transaction system as recited in claim 44, wherein the off-line transaction packet comprises transaction data associated with a previous transaction conducted at the point of sale.

47. A method of operating a transaction system as recited in claim 46, wherein the off-line transaction packet further comprises an off-line approval code provided by the transaction terminal.

48. A method of operating a transaction system as recited in claim 44, further comprising the step of utilizing the authorization indicia.

49. A method of operating a transaction system as recited in claim 48, wherein utilizing the authorization indicia comprises associating the authorization indicia with a check.

50. A method of operating a transaction system as recited in claim 49, wherein the step of associating the authorization indicia with a check comprises writing the authorization indicia on the check.

51. A method of operating a transaction system as recited in claim 49, wherein the step of associating the authorization indicia with a check comprises printing the authorization indicia on the check with a printing device.

52. A method for processing transactions and collecting customer identification data at the point of sale, comprising the steps of:

providing at the point of sale a transaction terminal including a payment form reader and an identification card reader;

obtaining payment data from the payment form reader, the payment data being associated with a payment form tendered by a customer in connection with a pending transaction;

obtaining identification data from the identification card reader, the identification data being associated with an identification card presented by the customer;

transmitting the payment data and the customer identification data to an authorization host computer;

at the authorization host computer, transmitting to the transaction terminal a response packet including authorization indicia indicative of whether the pending transaction is authorized or declined;

at the authorization host computer, determining whether the customer identification data is already present in a data base associated with the authorization host computer; and

in response to a determination that the customer identification data is not already present in the data base, storing at least a portion of the customer identification data in the data base.

53. A method for processing transactions and collecting customer identification data as recited in claim 52, wherein the payment form reader comprises a magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) reader.

54. A method for processing transactions and collecting customer identification data as recited in claim 52, wherein the identification card reader comprises a magnetic stripe reader.

55. A method for processing transactions and collecting customer identification data as recited in claim 54, wherein the identification card comprises a drivers license having a magnetic stripe.

56. A method for processing transactions and collecting customer identification data as recited in claim 52, wherein the payment data and the customer identification data are transmitted to the authorization host computer in a transaction packet.

57. A method for processing transactions and collecting customer identification data as recited in claim 56, further comprising the step of, in response to a determination that the customer identification data is already present in the data base, discarding the customer identification data transmitted by the transaction terminal.

58. A method for interactively conducting a transaction, comprising the steps of:

communicating a first transaction packet from a transaction terminal to an authorization host system, the first transaction packet comprising initial transaction information and interactive indicia indicative of interactive response capability of the terminal;

at the authorization host system, examining the interactive indicia to determine whether the transaction terminal is capable of providing interactive responses;

at the authorization host system, in response to a determination that the terminal is capable of providing interactive responses, determining, based on the first transaction packet, whether to elicit additional information;

at the authorization host system, in response to a determination to elicit additional information, communicating a prompt to the transaction terminal;

at the transaction terminal, in response to receipt of the prompt, displaying the prompt;

at the transaction terminal, in response to display of the prompt, receiving additional information entered into the transaction terminal;

at the transaction terminal, communicating a second transaction packet to the authorization host system, the second transaction packet comprising the additional information;

at the authorization host system, determining whether to authorize or decline the transaction based on the information contained in the second transaction packet; and

communicating authorization indicia from the authorization host system to the transaction terminal.

59. The method of claim 58, further comprising the step of disconnecting a communication link between the transaction terminal and the authorization host system after the step of communicating a prompt to the transaction terminal.

60. The method of claim 59, further comprising the step of re-initiating a communication link between the transaction terminal and the authorization host system after the step of receiving additional information at the terminal.

61. The method of claim 58, further comprising the step of:

at the authorization host system, in response to a determination to authorize the transaction, communicating an approval code to the transaction terminal as the authorization indicia.

62. The method of claim 61, further comprising the step of:

at the transaction terminal, in response to receipt of the authorization indicia, whenever received, storing the authorization indicia in association with the initial transaction information and completing the transaction.

63. The method of claim 58, wherein the step of determining whether to elicit additional information comprises applying a risk scoring algorithm to at least a portion of the data included in the first transaction packet.

64. The method of claim 58, wherein the step of determining whether to elicit additional information comprises the steps of:

based on the first transaction packet, determining whether to approve the transaction; and

based on the first transaction packet, determining whether to decline the transaction.

65. The method of claim 58, wherein the prompt is displayed on a display associated with the transaction terminal.

66. The method of claim 58, wherein the additional information is entered into the transaction terminal via a keypad associated with the transaction terminal.

67. The method of claim 58, further comprising the steps of:

prior to the step of examining the interactive indicia, determining whether to authorize the transaction based on the information contained in the first transaction packet; and

in response to a determination that the transaction should not be authorized, examining the interactive indicia to determine whether the transaction terminal is capable of providing interactive responses; and

in response to a determination that the terminal is not capable of providing interactive responses, declining the transaction by transmitting a decline authorization or call indicia to the terminal.