Synthetic aperture radar simulation

• US 5,680,138 A
• Filed: 12/15/1995
• Issued: 10/21/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/15/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Pritt, Mark D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pihulic, Daniel T.
• Application Number:
  US08/573,083
• Time in Patent Office: 676 Days
• Field of Search: 342/169, 342/25, 342/179, 342/197, 434/2
• US Class Current: 342/169
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9027 Pattern recognition for feature extraction
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4052 by simulation of echoes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4082 using externally generated reference signals, e.g. via remote reflector or transponder

Abstract

In a simulated synthetic aperture radar SAR, a terrain elevation model is provided. A phase component of the simulated SAR data is computed by determining a distance between incremental terrain points and a simulated SAR platform modulo the wavelength. The amplitude component is computed in the following manner. The terrain elevation model is rotated about a vertical axis to present terrain strips extending perpendicular to the assumed direction of travel of the SAR platform. Points distributed along the terrain strips are projected into an illumination plane perpendicular to the assumed SAR signal and into an image plane perpendicular to the illumination plane. Brightness values and areas in shadow from the simulated SAR signal are determined by the projection into the illumination plane and brightness values are accumulated into an accumulation register corresponding to incremental pixel areas of the image plane by interpolating the brightness of illumination values in accordance with the incremental pixel areas of the image plane.

Claims

1. A method of simulating a synthetic aperture radar comprising defining terrain strips corresponding to radar signals received from a simulated SAR platform, representing in a memory of a computer terrain elevations distributed at regular intervals along said terrain strips wherein said terrain strips are divided into terrain segments between points of terrain elevation, determining with said computer where said points of terrain elevation project into an illumination plane perpendicular to the direction of a simulated SAR radar signal transmitted by said simulated SAR platform, determining with said computer where said elevation points project into an image plane perpendicular to said illumination plane thereby determining the projection of said terrain segments into said image plane, determining with said computer a brightness of illumination value for terrain segments extending between said terrain elevation points corresponding to the separation of the corresponding points projected into said illumination plane, dividing said image plane into incremental pixel areas, providing an accumulation register having storage locations corresponding to the incremental pixel areas of said image plane, adding brightness values to the storage locations of said accumulation register wherein each brightness value accumulated in a given storage location corresponds to a terrain strip and is determined from the product of the brightness of illumination of such terrain strip times the amount that the projection of such terrain strip overlaps the incremental pixel area of said image plane corresponding to such storage location.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising determining data corresponding to the phase component of said simulated SAR signal.

3. A method as recited in claim 2, further comprising determining from said points projected into said illumination plane which terrain segments lie in a shadow so as not to be illuminated by said simulated SAR signal and accumulating no values in said accumulation register corresponding to terrain segments lying wholly within such shadow.

4. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising adjusting the brightness value for any terrain strip bridging the edge of a shadow distal from said simulated platform in accordance with the amount of such terrain segment illuminated by said transmitted SAR signal.

5. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising adjusting the projection of a terrain strip bridging the distal edge of a shadow into said illumination plane to correspond with the illuminated portion of such terrain strip bridging the distal edge of a shadow.

6. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising presenting a terrain elevation model of the terrain to be simulated and rotating said terrain elevation model about a vertical axis to produce terrain elevations distributed along said terrain strips.

7. An apparatus for simulating a synthetic aperture radar system comprising means for storing a terrain elevation model, a pixel based accumulation register having storage locations corresponding to incremental pixel areas of an image plane arranged parallel to a simulated transmitted and reflected SAR signal, a central processing unit programmed to respond to said terrain elevation model to project terrain elevation points distributed along terrain strips of the terrain represented by said terrain elevation model into an illumination plane perpendicular to said transmitted and reflected simulated SAR signal, to project said terrain elevation points into said image plane to define in said image plane projections of terrain segments extending between said elevation points, to determine brightness of illumination values from the separation of the points projected into said illumination plane, and to accumulate brightness values corresponding to said terrain segments in storage locations of said accumulation register corresponding to incremental pixel areas of said image plane, the brightness values accumulated in each storage location corresponding to the product of the brightness of illumination of the corresponding terrain strip times the amount that the corresponding projected terrain strip overlaps the corresponding incremental pixel area of said image plane.