Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display apparatus
First Claim
1. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal apparatus having a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed electrodes, comprisinga polymer phase and a liquid crystal phase formed in said medium as said polymer dispersed in said liquid crystal,said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable together in a predetermined direction,a light absorption additive included in said liquid crystal phase to provide light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in said predetermined direction, andmeans for applying an electric field between said electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that in a condition of absence of said electric field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and in another condition of presence of said electric field, a light scattering state is created in said medium.
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Abstract
A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display apparatus has a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed electrodes formed spatially disposed substrates. The medium includes a polymer phase and a liquid crystal phase having optical axes alignable together in a predetermined direction. A light absorption additive is included in the liquid crystal phase to provide light absorption when said optical axes are aligned in said predetermined direction so that in the presence or absence of an electric field applied between said electrodes, two different conditions are achieved comprising alignment and misalignment of the optical axes of the liquid crystal phase relative to the polymer phase so that in one condition, a light absorption state is created in the medium and in the other condition, a light scattering state is created in the medium. The polymer phase comprises a network including a plurality of continuous strings of particles connected in helicoid formation due to the addition of a chiral component, and this network may also include separate discrete polymer particles. Also a matrix network may be employed. A reflecting surface on the side of the liquid crystal/polymer medium opposite to that of incident light will enhance the light scattering and light absorbing properties in either of the two different conditions. Alternatively, the opposite side may be a white surface providing for a high contrast display with light absorption additive in the medium of dark contrast, such as, black dichroic dye.
136 Citations
86 Claims
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1. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal apparatus having a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed electrodes, comprising
a polymer phase and a liquid crystal phase formed in said medium as said polymer dispersed in said liquid crystal, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable together in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in said liquid crystal phase to provide light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in said predetermined direction, and means for applying an electric field between said electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that in a condition of absence of said electric field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and in another condition of presence of said electric field, a light scattering state is created in said medium.
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52. An information processing apparatus comprising:
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a polymer dispersed in liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed electrodes, said apparatus having a controller for receiving data for processing and displaying information based upon the data via addressing means applied to said liquid crystal/polymer medium, said liquid crystal/polymer medium comprising a polymer phase dispersed in a liquid crystal phase, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in the liquid crystal phase to provide for light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in the said predetermined direction, and means for applying a field between said electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that, in a condition of absence of said field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and, in another condition of presence of said field, a light scattering state is created in said medium.
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53. An information processing apparatus comprising:
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a polymer dispersed in liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal/polymer medium, a controller for receiving data for processing and displaying information based upon the data via addressing means applied to said liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed substrates each having a surface with a set of electrodes, integrated circuit means to address said electrode sets, the set of electrodes formed on one of said substrates including a plurality of pixel electrodes each connected to an active device, said liquid crystal/polymer medium comprising a polymer phase dispersed in a liquid crystal phase, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in the liquid crystal phase to provide for light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in the said predetermined direction, and means for applying a field between said electrode sets to switch, via said active devices, between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that, in a condition of absence of said field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and, in another condition of presence of said field, a light scattering state is created in said medium. - View Dependent Claims (54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 85, 86)
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59. An information processing apparatus comprising:
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a polymer dispersed in liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal/polymer medium, a controller for receiving data for processing and displaying information based upon the data via addressing means applied to said liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed substrates each having a surface with a set of electrodes, integrated circuit means to address said electrode sets, the set of electrodes formed on one of said substrates including a plurality of pixel electrodes each connected to a bi-terminal active device, the set of said electrodes formed on the other of said substrates comprising aligned counter electrodes, said liquid crystal/polymer medium comprising a polymer phase dispersed in a liquid crystal phase, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in the liquid crystal phase to provide for light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in the said predetermined direction, and means for applying a field between said pixel electrodes and said counter electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that, in a condition of absence of said field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and, in another condition of presence of said field, a light scattering state is created in said medium, said switching between states accomplished by application of a voltage inverse to the voltage-current characteristic for bi-terminal active devices.
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60. An information processing apparatus comprising:
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a polymer dispersed in liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal/polymer medium, a controller for receiving data for processing and displaying information based upon the data via addressing means applied to said liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed substrates each having a surface with a set of electrodes, an array of microlenses on a surface of one of said substrates, a light reflecting surface on a surface of the other of said substrates, said liquid crystal/polymer medium comprising a polymer phase dispersed in a liquid crystal phase, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in the liquid crystal phase to provide for light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in the said predetermined direction, and means for applying a field between said spatially disposed electrode sets to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that, in a condition of absence of said field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and, in another condition of presence of said field, a light scattering state is created in said medium.
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61. An information processing apparatus comprising:
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a polymer dispersed in liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between surfaces of spatially disposed substrates, alignment means provided on at least one of the surfaces of said substrates in contact with said medium, the polymer in said medium formed by polymerization of at least one monomer after said medium has been subjected to substantial predetermined alignment brought about by said alignment means, a controller for receiving data for processing and displaying information based upon the data via addressing means applied to said liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed substrates each having a surface with a set of electrodes, the set of electrodes formed on one of said substrates including a plurality of pixel electrodes, said liquid crystal/polymer medium comprising a polymer phase dispersed in a liquid crystal phase, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in the liquid crystal phase to provide for light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in the said predetermined direction, and means for applying a field between said spatially disposed electrode sets to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that, in a condition of absence of said field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and, in another condition of presence of said field, a light scattering state is created in said medium. - View Dependent Claims (62, 63, 64)
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65. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display apparatus comprising:
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a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed substrates each having a surface with a set of electrodes, a polymer phase and a liquid crystal phase formed in said medium as said polymer dispersed in said liquid crystal, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable together in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in said liquid crystal phase to provide light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in said predetermined direction, means for applying an electric field between said electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that in a condition of absence of said electric field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and in another condition of presence of said electric field, a light scattering state is created in said medium, and enhancing means applied to said apparatus for improving the clarity of viewing of said display apparatus. - View Dependent Claims (66, 67)
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68. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal apparatus comprising:
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a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed electrodes each having a surface with a set of electrodes, a polymer phase and a liquid crystal phase formed in said medium, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable together in a predetermined direction, means for applying an electric field between said electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that in one condition, a light absorption state is created in said medium and in the other condition, a light scattering state is created in said medium, wherein said polymer phase comprises a network comprising a plurality of helicoids of coupled polymer particles extending between said substrates. - View Dependent Claims (69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76)
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77. A method of fabricating a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display apparatus including the formation of a liquid crystal/polymer medium having a polymer network between two surfaces of spatially disposed substrates, comprising the steps of:
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forming a layer comprising a light absorption material on at least one of said substrate surfaces, applying a liquid crystal/polymer medium onto the light-absorbing layer, and dissolving the light absorption material into the liquid crystal/polymer medium, wherein said polymer network comprises a plurality of helicoids of coupled polymer particles extending between said substrates. - View Dependent Claims (78)
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79. A method of fabricating a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display apparatus including the formation of a liquid crystal/polymer medium having a polymer network between two surfaces of spatially disposed substrates, comprising the steps of:
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forming a set of electrodes on the respective surfaces of said substrates, incorporating a light absorption additive in the liquid crystal/polymer medium capable of displaying at least two different color tones, forming a plurality of color filters relative to a surface of one of the substrates comprising at least two different color tones, controlling said electrodes so that respective cross points will display black, white, or one of said color tones. - View Dependent Claims (80, 81)
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82. An information processing apparatus comprising
a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal/polymer medium, a controller for receiving data for processing and displaying information based upon the data via addressing means applied to said liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed substrates each having a surface with a set of electrodes, the spatial crossing points of said spatially disposed electrode sets forming display pixels, said liquid crystal/polymer medium comprising a polymer phase and a liquid crystal phase, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable in a predetermined direction, a light absorption additive included in the liquid crystal phase to provide for light absorption when said optical axes are substantially aligned in the said predetermined direction, means for applying a field between said electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that, in one condition, a light absorption state is created in said medium and, in another condition, a light scattering state is created in said medium, and means for driving said liquid crystal/polymer medium wherein each pixel has a different color tone so that in the case of an applied voltage greater than a saturation voltage to which said medium is responsive will display white, in the case of an applied voltage less than a threshold voltage said medium is responsive will display black, and in the case of an applied voltage between the saturation voltage and the threshold voltage said medium will display at least one color.
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83. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal apparatus comprising:
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a liquid crystal/polymer medium formed between spatially disposed electrodes each having a surface with a set of electrodes, a polymer phase dispersed in a liquid crystal phase formed in said medium, said polymer phase and said liquid crystal phase having optical axes substantially alignable together in a predetermined direction, means for applying an electric field between said electrodes to switch between multiple states comprising alignment and misalignment of said optical axes of said liquid crystal phase relative to said polymer phase so that in a condition of absence of said electric field, a light absorption state is created in said medium and in another condition of presence of said electric field, a light scattering state is created in said medium, wherein said polymer phase has a mesh-like matrix structure.
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84. A method of fabricating a polymer dispersed liquid crystal display apparatus including the formation of a liquid crystal/polymer medium having a polymer network between two surfaces of spatially disposed substrates, comprising the steps of:
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forming a layer comprising a light absorption material on at least one of said substrate surfaces, applying a liquid crystal/polymer medium comprising polymer dispersed in liquid crystal onto the light-absorbing layer, wherein said polymer and said liquid crystal have optical axes substantially alignable together in a predetermined direction, and dissolving the light absorption material into the liquid crystal/polymer medium, wherein said polymer phase has a mesh-like matrix structure.
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Specification