Spacecraft control with skewed control moment gyros

• US 5,681,012 A
• Filed: 01/05/1995
• Issued: 10/28/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/05/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hughes Electronics Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Electronics Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Rosmann, David J., Rosen, Harold A., Smay, John W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barefoot, Galen L.
• Application Number:
  US08/368,830
• Time in Patent Office: 1,027 Days
• Field of Search: 244/120, 244/164, 244/165, 244/3.23, 364/433, 364/434
• US Class Current: 244/165
• CPC Class Codes: B64G 1/244 Spacecraft control systems
• CPC Class Codes: B64G 1/285 using momentum wheels
• CPC Class Codes: B64G 1/286 using control momentum gyroscopes (CMGs)
• CPC Class Codes: B64G 1/36 using sensors, e.g. sun-sensors, horizon sensors

Abstract

A method of and system for applying single gimbal control moment gyros to spacecraft attitude control employing two control moment gyros with nominal spin axes anti-parallel and gimbal axes displaced at a fixed angle in the plane normal to the nominal spin axes to achieve two orthogonal body fixed control torques using two wheels. If the gimbal axis displacement of each of three wheels is 120 degrees, two wheels provide independent uncoupled orthogonal two-axis control, and the third can substitute, in the event of failure, for either of the two requiring no change in control law or performance.

Claims

1. A method of controlling the attitude of a spacecraft, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing two single axis control moment gyros;

(b) angularly rotating gimbal axes of said gyros a predetermined angle about a common momentum axis to displace said gyros into a skewed scissor pair control arrangement providing two-axis control of said spacecraft;

(c) measuring spacecraft roll and pitch attitude using spacecraft sensors and forming corresponding roll and pitch measurement signals;

(d) producing commanded roll and pitch attitude control signals for a maneuver;

(e) combining the signals of step (c) with the signals of step (d) to generate torque commands; and

(f) applying said torque commands to alter the attitude of said spacecraft.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step (b) includes orienting said gimbal axes at said predetermined angles in a plane normal to momentum vectors, and equalizing angular rates of said gimbal axes.

3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising translating said torque commands to torque coordinates of the control moment gyros to rotate said spacecraft.

4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising providing a third single axis control moment gyro.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said gimbal axes are oriented 120°

apart.

6. A method of spacecraft attitude control using scissor pair arrays of single gimbal control moment gyros, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing two single axis control moment gyros;

(b) orienting wheel momentum vectors of said gyros in anti-parallel directions, orienting gimbal axes of said gyros at predetermined angles in a plane normal to said momentum vectors and equalizing angular rates of said gimbals to provide two-axis attitude control of said spacecraft;

(c) measuring roll and pitch attitude of said spacecraft using spacecraft sensors and forming corresponding measurement signals;

(d) producing commanded roll and pitch attitude control signals for a maneuver;

(e) combining said measurement signals with said roll and pitch signals to generate torque commands; and

(f) applying said torque commands to reposition the attitude of said spacecraft.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein steps (b)-(f) are repeated at least two times to perform a spacecraft maneuver.

8. The method according to claim 6 further comprising translating said torque commands to torque coordinates of the control moment gyros to rotate said spacecraft.

9. The method according to claim 6 further comprising providing a third single axis control moment gyro.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said gimbal axes of said gyros are oriented 120°

apart.

11. A spacecraft attitude control system using control moment gyro means, comprising:

a set of sensors for measuring spacecraft roll and pitch attitude to produce corresponding roll and pitch attitude signals;

first and second control moment gyros having momentum wheels whose momentum wheel vectors are oriented in anti-parallel directions, and wherein the momentum wheels are respectively rotatable about first and second gimbal axes, wherein the gimbal axes of said gyros are oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to each other, and wherein the angular rates of said gimbals are equated to provide two-axis control of said spacecraft;

commanded roll and pitch attitude signal sources for producing commanded attitude signals;

means for combining said commanded attitude signals with said roll and pitch attitude signals to produce combined signals;

filtering means for transforming said combined signals to generate first and second torque commands;

a first control moment gyro actuator means controlled by said first torque command for applying a first control moment to said spacecraft about a first axis (x); and

a second control moment gyro actuator means controlled by said second torque command for applying a second control moment to said spacecraft about a second axis (y).

12. A spacecraft attitude control system using control moment gyro means, comprising:

a set of sensors for measuring spacecraft roll and pitch attitude to produce corresponding roll and pitch attitude signals, said sensors providing control signals to first and second control moment gyros having first and second momentum wheels that are respectively rotatable about first and second skewed coplanar gimbal axes, wherein said gyros have momentum wheel vectors oriented in anti-parallel directions, and wherein the angular rates of said gimbals are equated to provide two-axis control of said spacecraft;

commanded roll and pitch attitude signal sources for producing commanded attitude signals;

means for combining said commanded attitude signals with said roll and pitch attitude signals to produce combined signals;

filtering means for compensating said combined signals to generate first and second torque commands;

a first control moment gyro means controlled by said first torque command and connected with said first wheel and said spacecraft for applying a first control moment to said spacecraft about a first axis (x); and

a second control moment gyro means controlled by said second torque command and connected with said second wheel and said spacecraft for applying a second control moment to said spacecraft about a second axis (y),

said first and said second gyro means being operative to control the attitude of said spacecraft.

13. The spacecraft attitude control system according to claim 12, wherein said control of said gyro means by said torque commands is performed through a coordinate rotation means.

14. The spacecraft attitude control system according to claim 12, wherein said first and said second gyro means are provided with local feedbacks to effect said orienting and equating.

15. A spacecraft maneuver control system, comprising:

sensors for measuring spacecraft roll and pitch attitude to produce corresponding roll and pitch attitude signals;

first and second control moment gyros that are arranged as a skewed scissor pair wheel array and that have momentum wheels that are rotatable about first and second gimbal axes, and wherein the gimbal axes are oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to each other;

commanded roll and pitch attitude signal sources for producing commanded attitude signals;

means for combining said commanded attitude signals with said sensor attitude signals to produce combined signals;

filtering means for transforming said combined signals into first and second torque commands;

a first control moment gyro actuator means controlled by said first torque command for applying a first control moment to said spacecraft about a first axis (x) by way of said first control moment gyro; and

a second control moment gyro actuator means controlled by said second torque command for applying a second control moment to said spacecraft about a second axis (y) by way of said second control moment gyro,

said first and said second actuator means being operative to control the attitude of said spacecraft.

16. The spacecraft maneuver control system according to claim 15, wherein said control of said actuator means by said torque commands is performed through a coordinate rotation means.

17. The spacecraft maneuver control system according to claim 15, wherein said first and said second actuator means are provided with local feedbacks to orient said gimbal axes of said array at predetermined angles in a plane normal to said momentum vectors, and to equate angular rates of said gimbal axes.