Thermal imaging device

• US 5,682,035 A
• Filed: 09/06/1995
• Issued: 10/28/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 09/06/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Electronics Corporation (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Chin, Richard, Gallagher, Tim
• Primary Examiner(s): Tokar, Michael J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tyler, Virgil O.
• Application Number:
  US08/524,200
• Time in Patent Office: 783 Days
• Field of Search: 250/332, 250/334, 348/164, 348/166, 348/201, 348/678, 348/167
• US Class Current: 250/332
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/23 from thermal infrared radiation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/671 for non-uniformity detection or correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

A thermal infrared imaging device (10) includes a thermal detector (50) having a linearly-arrayed plurality of spaced apart detector elements (50'"'"', 50", 50"'"'"', . . . ). A scene to be viewed is scanned across the detector (50) with successive fields of the scene shifted according the spacing between adjacent detector elements (50'"'"', 50", 50"'"'"', . . . ) in order to capture image information for the entire scene by interlacing of successive scan lines from the plurality of detector elements (50'"'"', 50", 50"'"'"', . . . ). Each complete scan of the viewed scene across the detector (50) creates an image field including a scan line for each detector element (50'"'"', 50", 50"'"'"', . . . ). Each scan line includes plural pixels, or picture elements of the viewed scene, each having a value indicative of the thermal infrared brightness of the viewed scene at the corresponding location along the scan line. An scan-line sum for each scan line is created by adding the absolute values of the pixel values for each scan line. The average of these scan-line sums is employed as a gain control factor to control the brightness of a visible image replicating the viewed scene. Further, the value of a median of the scan-line sums is used to limit gain variations which would otherwise be effected were the line-sum averages alone used to control the gain factor. Accordingly, even when a localized highly-radiant heat source (such as a fire) is within the field of view of the thermal imaging device, then in areas of the image away from the brightness caused by the fire the image does not go dark and a visible image good contrast is still maintained allowing features of the image to be viewed.

Claims

1. A thermal imaging device including a detector array responsive to thermal infrared radiation, said detector array having a linearly-arrayed plurality of detector elements, a scanning device scanning a viewed scene across said plurality of detector elements, individually in response to incident infrared radiation said plurality of detector elements each providing a corresponding one of a plurality of detector-signals, said thermal imaging device comprising:

an absolute value circuit providing a corresponding plurality of absolute-value signals each indicative of the respective absolute value of one of said plurality of detector-signals during a scan of said viewed scene across said detector, an averaging circuit providing an average-value signal indicative of the average of said plurality of absolute-value signals, and a median value compiler circuit providing a median-value signal indicative of the median of said plurality of absolute-value signals.

2. The thermal imaging device of claim 1 wherein said device further includes a variable-gain analog amplifier, and a gain correction circuit receiving said average-value signal and responsively providing a gain-correction signal controlling the gain value of said variable-gain analog amplifier.

3. The thermal imaging device of claim 2 wherein said gain correction circuit includes a median set point indicator providing a set point value for said median-value signal, and a comparator providing a median-comparison signal indicative of a difference between said set point signal value and said median-value signal.

4. The thermal imaging device of claim 3 wherein said gain correction circuit further includes an average-value set point indicator providing a set-point value for said average-value signal, and a respective comparator receiving said average-value signal and said set-point value signal and responsively providing an average-comparison signal indicative of a difference therebetween.

5. The thermal imaging device of claim 4 wherein said gain correction circuit further includes a comparator receiving said average comparison signal and said median-comparison signal as a limitation on the former signal and responsively providing a limited correction signal to said variable-gain analog amplifier to control the variable gain thereof.

6. A thermal imaging device including a detector array responsive to thermal infrared radiation, said detector array having a linearly-arrayed plurality of spaced-apart detector elements defining cooperatively a length dimension for said detector array, a scanning device scanning a viewed scene across said plurality of detector elements in a direction generally perpendicular to said length dimension, each of said plurality of detector elements providing a corresponding individual electrical signal indicative of the thermal infrared radiation incident thereon, individual detector elements in said plurality of detector elements varying from one another, said thermal imaging device comprising:

an individual direct-current electrical connection from each one of said plurality of detector elements to a corresponding one of a plurality of fixed-gain analog amplifiers, said plurality of fixed-gain analog amplifiers each having electrical connection to a multiplexer for putting out a serial stream of analog signals indicative of the thermal infrared radiation flux incident upon said detector array, a compensation circuit responding to differences in electrical signals from identified ones of said plurality of detector elements which have scanned the same portion of said viewed scene to provide a respective compensation signal for said identified detector elements, and an electrical circuit applying said respective compensation signals to the ones of said plurality of fixed-gain amplifiers connected with the respective ones of said plurality of detector elements so as to modify the gain thereof to minimize said differences, an absolute value circuit providing a corresponding plurality of absolute-value signals each indicative of the respective absolute value of one of said plurality of detector-signals during a scan of said viewed scene across said detector, an averaging circuit providing an average-value signal indicative of the average of said plurality of absolute-value signals, and a median value compiler circuit providing a median-value signal indicative of the median of said plurality of absolute-value signals, a variable-gain analog amplifier receiving said serial stream of analog signals indicative of the thermal infrared radiation flux incident upon said detector array, and a gain correction circuit receiving said average-value signal and responsively providing a gain-correction signal controlling the gain value of said variable-gain analog amplifier.

7. The thermal imaging device of claim 6 further including a circuit for providing a level-correction signal equally to each one of said plurality of fixed-gain analog amplifiers for superposition with the respective one of said compensation signals.

8. The thermal imaging device of claim 7 further including an analog-to-digital converter receiving from said analog variable-gain amplifier said serial stream of analog signals indicative of the thermal infrared radiation flux incident upon said detector array, said analog-to-digital converter having a mid-scale signal value for an input signal thereto, and said circuit for providing a level-correction signal equally to each one of said plurality of fixed-gain analog amplifiers for superposition with the respective one of said compensation signals providing said level correction signal at a level which causes said serial stream of analog signals on average as received by said analog-to-digital converter to correspond substantially with said mid-scale signal value.

9. The thermal imaging device of claim 7 wherein said compensation circuit includes a register facility having a capacity equal to twice the number of detector elements in said plurality of detector elements, a first portion of said register facility receiving and storing in corresponding register locations values for said electrical signals corresponding to a first scan of said viewed scene across said detector, and a second portion of said register facility receiving and storing in corresponding register locations values for said electrical signals corresponding to a successive scan of said scene across said plurality of detector elements, and a calculation facility comparing the stored values of said first and second register portions for identified ones of said plurality of detector elements which have scanned the same portion of said viewed scene to provide a respective compensation signal for said identified detector elements.

10. The thermal imaging device of claim 9 wherein said calculation facility includes a microprocessor.

11. The thermal imaging device of claim 9 wherein said electrical circuit applying said respective compensation signals to the ones of said plurality of amplifiers connected with the respective ones of said plurality of detector elements includes a plurality of digital-to-analog (DAC) converters, said compensation circuit providing corresponding ones of said compensation signals to respective ones of said plurality of DAC converters in digital serial format, each one of said DAC converters individually providing a corresponding analog compensation signal to the respective one of said plurality of fixed-gain analog amplifiers.

12. The thermal imaging device of claim 11 wherein said circuit providing a corresponding level-correction signal equally to each of said fixed-gain analog amplifiers for superposition with the respective one of said compensation signals includes said microprocessor providing said level-correction signal equally to said respective ones of said plurality of DAC converters, each one of said DAC converters individually providing a corresponding equal level-correction analog signal to the respective one of said plurality of fixed-gain analog amplifiers.

13. A method of operating a thermal imaging device, said thermal imaging device including a detector array responsive to thermal infrared radiation, said detector array having a linearly-arrayed plurality of spaced apart detector elements cooperatively defining a length dimension for said detector array, a scanning device scanning a viewed scene across said plurality of detector elements in plural scans with relative transpositions of said viewed scene along the length dimension of said detector array in successive scans so as to capture image information from all of said viewed scene with said spaced apart plurality of detector elements, individually in response to incident infrared radiation said plurality of detector elements each providing a corresponding one of a plurality of electrical detector-signals, said method comprising:

providing an absolute value circuit;

using said absolute value circuit to provide a corresponding plurality of absolute-value signals each indicative of the respective absolute value of one of said plurality of detector-signals during a particular scan of said viewed scene across said detector array;

providing an averaging circuit;

using said averaging circuit to provide an average-value signal indicative of the average of said plurality of absolute-value signals;

providing a median value compiler circuit;

using said median value compiler circuit to provide a median-value signal indicative of the median of said plurality of absolute-value signals;

providing a gain correction circuit receiving said average-value signal and responsively providing a gain-correction signal;

providing a variable-gain analog amplifier;

using said variable-gain analog amplifier to receive and amplify said plurality of electrical detector-signals; and

using said gain-correction signal to control a gain value of said variable-gain analog amplifier.

14. The method of claim 13 further including steps of:

providing a median set point indicator;

using said median set point indicator to provide a set point value for said median-value signal;

providing a comparator;

using said comparator to provide a median-comparison signal indicative of a difference between said median-value set point value and said median-value signal.

15. The method of claim 14 further including steps of:

providing an average-value set point indicator;

using said average-value set point indicator to provide a set-point value for said average-value signal, and

using a respective comparator receiving said average-value signal and said average-value set-point signal and responsively providing an average-comparison signal indicative of a difference therebetween.

16. The method of claim 15 further including steps of:

providing an average/median comparator receiving said average-comparison signal and also receiving said median-comparison signal as a limitation on said average-comparison signal; and

using said average/median comparator to responsively provide a limited gain-correction signal to said variable-gain analog amplifier to control the variable gain thereof.