Boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply

• US 5,684,686 A
• Filed: 06/07/1995
• Issued: 11/04/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 01/12/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Powerware Corporation (Eaton Corporation PLC.)
• Original Assignee: Deltec Electronics Corporation
• Inventors: Reddy, Anantha Baddam
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, MATTHEW VAN
• Application Number:
  US08/486,524
• Time in Patent Office: 881 Days
• Field of Search: 363/34, 363/37, 363/89, 363/97, 323/222, 307/64, 307/65, 307/66
• US Class Current: 363/97
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/062 for AC powered loads
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/293 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/458 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/20 End-user application control systems

Abstract

A boost-input backed-up uninterruptable power supply from an input voltage source, such as a 60 cycle 120/240 Vac service, provides an uninterrupted output voltage to a load connected to a return. The backed-up power supply has an input rectifier and low energy storage filter coupled to the input voltage source for converting the input voltage source into at least an unregulated positive dc voltage source, and an unregulated negative dc voltage source. Each respective unregulated source has a respective unregulated dc voltage value with respect to the return. Two 120V battery stacks provides respective positive and negative battery voltages at corresponding positive and negative battery output terminals. A diode isolates the unregulated positive and negative dc voltage sources from their respective battery voltages for unregulated voltage source values equal to or greater than their respective battery voltages and clamps the unregulated dc voltage values to their respective battery voltages in response to loss of the sinusoidal input voltage source. A boost regulator receives power from the unregulated positive and negative dc voltage sources and provides a positive and a negative regulated dc voltage with respect to the return. A dc-to-ac converter receives a reference signal and converts the positive and negative regulated dc voltage into at least a first uninterrupted output voltage for application to the load.

Claims

1. A boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply powered from an input voltage source for providing an uninterrupted output voltage to a load connected to a return, the boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply comprising:

an input rectifier coupled to the input voltage source for converting the input voltage source into at least a substantially unfiltered unregulated positive dc voltage source and a substantially unregulated unfiltered negative dc voltage source, each respective unregulated voltage source providing a respective unregulated dc voltage with respect to the return;

a battery means for providing respective positive and negative battery voltages at corresponding positive and negative battery output terminals;

a current switch means for isolating the unregulated positive and negative dc voltage sources from their respective battery voltages and for providing respective unregulated dc voltages equal to or greater than their respective battery voltage and for clamping each respective unregulated dc voltage to its respective battery voltage in response to loss of the input voltage source;

a boost regulator means coupled to receive power from the unregulated positive and negative dc voltage sources for providing a positive and a negative regulated dc voltage with respect to the return;

a dc-to-ac converter means responsive to a reference signal and coupled to convert the positive and negative regulated dc voltage into at least a first uninterrupted output voltage having an amplitude proportional to the reference signal for application to the load, said uninterrupted output voltage being sampled and scaled to provide an output voltage sense signal, the output voltage sense signal being combined with the reference signal to provide an amplified error signal, the dc-to-ac converter being responsive to the amplified error signal to adjust and scale the output voltage to minimize the amplified error signal.

2. The backed-up power supply of claim 1 wherein the dc-to-ac converter means further comprises:

a capacitor coupled in parallel with the load;

an inductor having an output terminal coupled to the load and an input terminal; and

,

a driver circuit coupled to the positive regulated dc voltage and the negative regulated dc voltage for applying a pulse width modulated bi-polar voltage to the inductor input terminal in response to a pulse width modulated driver signal.

3. The backed-up power supply of claim 1 wherein the boost regulator means comprises:

a positive boost inductor having an input terminal coupled to the unregulated positive voltage source and an output terminal;

a positive boost capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the return and a second terminal coupled to the positive regulated terminal;

a positive boost clamp diode having a cathode coupled to the positive regulated terminal and an anode coupled to the positive boost inductor output terminal;

transistor switching means having a control grid responsive to a pulse width modulated boost control signal and a conduction channel for coupling the positive boost inductor output terminal to the return in response to the pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a first state and for opening the conduction channel in response to the pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a second state; and

pulse width modulated control circuit means responsive to the positive regulated dc voltage and coupled to the unregulated positive dc voltage source for producing a pulse width modulated signal characterized to drive the positive regulated dc voltage to a predetermined level while also adjusting the pulse width in response to the unregulated positive dc voltage source to move a power factor correction in the direction of unity.

4. The backed-up power supply of claim 2 wherein the dc-to-ac converter means comprises:

a control circuit means responsive to the amplified error signal and output current sense signal for providing the pulse width modulated driver signals, each pulse width modulated driver signal having a first or second state, each state having a duration characterized to substantially continuously drive the amplified error signal to a smaller absolute value.

5. The backed-up power supply of claim 4 wherein the control circuit means, within the dc-to-ac converter circuit, further comprises:

means for sensing the output current to the load and for providing the output current sense signal scaled to characterize the instantaneous amplitude and polarity of current passing from the inductor output terminal to the load; and

,

comparator means for summing the amplified error signal with the output current sense signal to provide the pulse width modulated driver signals that impose a limit on the amplitude of current sourced to the load.

6. The backed-up power supply of claim 4 wherein the control circuit means, within the dc to ac converter circuit, further comprises:

means for summing the output voltage sense signal with the reference signal to provide the amplified error signal, the amplified error signal having a first polarity to indicate that the output voltage sense signal is above a value related to the reference signal and the amplified error signal having a second polarity to indicate that the output voltage is below value related to the reference signal.

7. The backed-up power supply of claim 4 wherein the control circuit means further comprises:

means for sensing the output current to the load and for providing an output current sense signal that characterizes the instantaneous amplitude and polarity of current passing from the inductor output terminal to the filter capacitor and the load; and

,

comparator means for summing the amplified error signal with the output current sense signal to provide the pulse width modulated driver signals further characterized to impose an absolute limit on the amplitude of current sourced to the load.

8. The backed-up power supply of claim 4 wherein the control circuit means further comprises:

means for summing the amplified error signal and the output current sense signal and for providing the pulse width modulated driver signal having a polarity and duration characterized to limit the output current through the inductor to a predetermined maximum value and to continuously drive the amplified error signal to a smaller absolute value.

9. A boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply powered from a sinusoidal input voltage source for providing an uninterrupted sinusoidal output voltage to a load, the power supply comprising:

an input rectifier coupled to the sinusoidal input voltage source to convert the input voltage source into at least a substantially unfiltered unregulated positive dc voltage source and a substantially unfiltered unregulated negative dc voltage source, each respective unregulated dc voltage source providing a respective unregulated dc voltage with respect to a return;

a positive boost inductor having an input terminal coupled to the unregulated positive dc voltage source and an output terminal;

a positive boost capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the return and a second terminal coupled to a positive regulated voltage terminal;

a positive boost clamp diode having a cathode coupled to the positive regulated voltage terminal and an anode coupled to the positive boost inductor output terminal;

a first transistor switching means having a control grid responsive to a first pulse width modulated boost control signal and a conduction channel for coupling the positive boost inductor output terminal to the return terminal in response to the first pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a first state and for opening the conduction channel in response to the first pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a second state;

a first pulse width modulated control circuit means responsive to a positive regulated dc voltage and to the unregulated positive dc voltage source for producing the first pulse width modulated boost control signal for driving the positive regulated dc voltage to a predetermined level;

a negative boost inductor having an input terminal coupled to the unregulated negative dc voltage source and an output terminal;

a negative boost capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the return and a second terminal coupled to a negative regulated voltage terminal;

a negative boost clamp diode having an anode coupled to the negative regulated voltage terminal and a cathode coupled to the negative boost inductor output terminal;

a second transistor switching means having a control grid responsive to a second pulse width modulated boost control signal and a conduction channel for coupling the negative boost inductor output terminal to the return terminal in response to the second pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a first state and for opening the conduction channel in response to the second pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a second state;

a second pulse width modulated control circuit means responsive to the negative regulated dc voltage and to the unregulated negative dc voltage source for producing the second pulse width modulated boost control signal for driving the negative regulated dc voltage to a predetermined level;

a first battery for providing a positive battery voltage at a first battery positive output terminal with respect to the return;

a second battery for providing a negative battery voltage at a second battery negative output terminal with respect to the return;

a positive current switch interposed between the first battery positive output terminal and the positive filter inductor output terminal for isolating the unregulated positive dc voltage source from the first battery positive battery terminal for unregulated positive dc voltage source values equal to or greater than the positive battery voltage and for clamping the unregulated positive dc voltage to the positive battery voltage in response to loss of the input voltage source;

a negative current switch interposed between the second battery negative battery output terminal and the negative filter inductor output terminal for isolating the unregulated negative dc voltage source from the second battery negative battery terminal for unregulated negative dc voltage source values having an absolute value equal to or greater than the absolute value of the negative battery voltage and for clamping the unregulated negative dc voltage value to the negative battery voltage in response to loss of the input voltage source; and

a dc-to-ac converter coupled to convert the positive regulated dc voltage and the negative regulated dc voltage into at least a first uninterrupted sinusoidal output voltage for application to the load.

10. The backed-up power supply of claim 9

wherein said first pulse width modulated control circuit means comprises:

means responsive to the unregulated positive dc voltage source to move a power factor correction in the direction of unity; and

wherein said second pulse width modulated control circuit means comprises;

means responsive to the unregulated negative dc voltage source to move a power factor correction in the direction of unity.

11. A boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply powered from a sinusoidal input voltage source for providing an uninterrupted sinusoidal output voltage to a load connected to a return, the boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply comprising:

an input rectifier coupled to the input voltage source and converting the input voltage source into at least an unregulated and substantially unfiltered positive dc voltage source and a substantially unfiltered unregulated negative dc voltage source, each respective unregulated voltage source having a respective unregulated dc voltage value with respect to the return;

a positive boost inductor having an input terminal coupled to the unregulated positive voltage source, and an output terminal, a single boost inductor being connected to the input terminal;

a negative boost inductor having an input terminal coupled to the unregulated negative voltage source and an output terminal a single boost inductor being connected to the input terminal;

a positive battery referenced to the return for providing a positive battery voltage at a positive battery output terminal;

a positive battery clamp diode having a cathode connected to the positive filter inductor output terminal and its anode connected to the positive battery positive battery output terminal; and

,

a negative battery referenced to the return for providing a negative battery voltage at a negative battery output terminal;

a negative battery clamp diode having an anode connected to the negative filter inductor output terminal and its cathode connected to the negative battery, negative positive battery output terminal; and

, a boost regulator coupled to receive power from the unregulated positive and negative dc voltage sources and providing a positive and a negative regulated dc voltage with respect to the return; and

a dc-to-ac converter responsive to a reference signal and coupled to convert the positive and negative regulated dc voltage into at least a first uninterrupted sinusoidal output voltage having an amplitude continuously proportional to a reference signal.

12. The boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply power supply of claim 11 wherein the dc-to-ac converter comprises:

a capacitor coupled in parallel with the load;

an inductor having an output terminal coupled to the load and an input terminal; and

a driver circuit coupled to the positive regulated dc voltage and the negative regulated dc voltage, the driver circuit applying a pulse width modulated bi-polar voltage to the inductor input terminal in response to a pulse width modulated driver signal.

13. The boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply power supply of claim 12 wherein the boost regulator comprises:

a positive boost capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the return and a second terminal coupled to the positive regulated terminal;

a positive boost clamp diode having a cathode coupled to the positive regulated terminal and an anode coupled to the positive boost inductor output terminal;

a first transistor switch having a control grid responsive to a first pulse width modulated boost control signal and a conduction channel that couples the positive boost inductor output terminal to the return terminal in response to the first pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a first state and for opening the conduction channel in response to the first pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a second state; and

a first pulse width modulated boost control circuit responsive to the positive regulated dc voltage and to the unregulated positive dc voltage source, the pulse width modulated control circuit producing the first pulse width modulated boost control signal characterized to drive the positive regulated dc voltage to a predetermined level while also adjusting the first pulse width in response to unregulated positive dc voltage source to move a power factor correction in the direction of unity.

14. The boost-input backed-up uninterruptible power supply of claim 13 wherein the boost regulator further comprises:

a negative boost capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the return and a second terminal coupled to the negative regulated voltage terminal;

a negative boost clamp diode having an anode coupled to the negative regulated voltage terminal and a cathode coupled to the negative boost inductor output terminal;

a second transistor switch having a control grid responsive to a second pulse width modulated boost control signal and a conduction channel for coupling the negative boost inductor output terminal to the return terminal in response to the second pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a first state and for opening the conduction channel in response to the second pulse width modulated boost control signal assuming a second state;

a transformer and rectifier circuit responsive to the sinusoidal input voltage source for providing a scaled and inverted unregulated dc voltage source;

a second pulse width modulated boost control circuit responsive to the negative regulated dc voltage and to the scaled and inverted unregulated negative dc voltage source, the second pulse width modulated boost control circuit producing said second pulse width modulated boost control signal characterized to drive the negative regulated dc voltage to a predetermined level while also adjusting the pulse width in response to the unregulated negative dc voltage to move the power factor correction in the direction of unity.

15. The backed-up power supply of claim 12 wherein the dc-to-ac converter further comprises:

an output current sense circuit for providing an output current sense signal scalled to represent the output current;

a converter control circuit for difference adding the reference signal and a scaled sample of the uninterrupted sinusoidal output voltage to provide an amplified error signal; and

a comparator circuit responsive to the output current sense signal and the amplified error signal providing a pulse width modulated driver signal having a first state in response to the output current sense signal exceeding the amplified error signal and a pulse width modulated driver signal having a second state in response to the amplified error signal exceeding the output current sense signal, pulse width modulated driver signal state having a phase and duration characterized to continuously drive an amplified error signal to a smaller absolute value.

16. The backed-up power supply of claim 15 wherein the converter control circuit further comprises:

a bi-polar clamping circuit for limiting the absolute value of the amplified error signal to a predetermined value; and

wherein,

the output current sense signal is scaled to exceed the absolute value of the amplified error signal and reverse the state of the pulse width modulated driver signal in response to the output current exceeding a predetermined limit.