Phased array antenna for radio frequency identification

• US 5,686,928 A
• Filed: 10/13/1995
• Issued: 11/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/13/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Milicic, Matthew J. Jr., Greene, Edward E., Pritchett, Don Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Wimer, Michael C.
• Application Number:
  US08/542,755
• Time in Patent Office: 760 Days
• Field of Search: 343/711, 343/795, 343/814, 343/818, 343/820, 343/821
• US Class Current: 343/711
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/3225 Cooperation with the rails or the road
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 19/10 using reflecting surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 19/30 the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/0006 Particular feeding systems
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/26 varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture H01Q3/12, H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/26 with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength resonant loop antennas H01Q7/00

Abstract

A multi-element, H plane, phased, dipole array antenna has a high gain over a wide angle in azimuth and over a controlled sector in elevation. Two printed wiring boards feed and physically support the dipole antenna elements. The phase and spacing of the dipole elements establish the radiation elevation angle, and a planar metallic reflector, spaced on the order of a half wavelength of the RF signal from the dipole array, interacts with the dipole-element pattern, to provide the wide angle azimuth gain.

Claims

1. A radio-frequency interrogation system for reading a transponder tag on a moving vehicle as the transponder tag moves along a path adjacent a fixed position adjacent said path, said system comprising in combination:

a phased array antenna comprised of a plurality of radiating dipole elements disposed at said fixed position;

said phased array antenna including a pair of printed circuit boards disposed with their respective interior surfaces disposed so that they are spaced apart, facing one another;

said plurality of radiating elements attached to respective ones of a plurality of printed circuit terminals on the interior surfaces of said pair of printed circuit boards with one radiating element of each of said dipole elements extending outwardly from an exterior surface on one of said pair of printed circuit boards and the other radiating element of each of said dipole elements extending outwardly from an exterior surface of the other of said pair of printed circuit boards;

a plurality of matching traces on corresponding interior surfaces of each of said printed circuit boards forming broadside coupled transmission lines for coupling RF energy to said terminals; and

an RF reflector disposed in a plane perpendicular to the said pair of printed circuit boards and separated from said plurality of dipole elements at a distance approximately equal to one-half wavelength of said RF energy.

2. A radio frequency interrogation system as in claim 1 wherein said fixed position is adjacent said path, said moving vehicle is a railroad car moving on parallel tracks, and said dipole elements lie in a plane parallel to the plane of said tracks.

3. A radio frequency interrogation system as in claim 1 wherein the axis of said phased array antenna is perpendicular to said path.

4. A radio frequency interrogation system as in claim 3 wherein said fixed position is adjacent said path, said moving vehicle is a railroad car moving on parallel tracks, and said dipole elements lie in a plane parallel to the plane of said tracks.

5. A radio-frequency interrogation system as in claim 1 further including a balanced to unbalanced, and impedance matching transformer comprised of circuit traces on the exterior surfaces of said printed circuit boards coupled to certain of said interior traces.

6. A phased array antenna comprised of:

a plurality of radiating dipole elements;

a pair of printed circuit boards disposed with their respective interior surfaces disposed so that they are spaced apart, facing one another;

said plurality of radiating elements attached to respective ones of a plurality of printed circuit terminals on the interior surfaces of said pair of said printed circuit boards with one radiating element of each of said dipole elements extending outwardly from an exterior surface on one of said pair of printed circuit boards and the other radiating element of each of said dipole elements extending outwardly from an exterior surface of the other of said pair of printed circuit boards;

a plurality of matching traces on the interior surfaces of each of said printed circuit boards forming broadside coupled transmission lines for coupling RF energy to said terminals; and

an RF reflector disposed in a plane perpendicular to the said pair of printed circuit boards and separated from said plurality of dipole elements at a distance approximately equal to one-half wavelength of said RF energy.

7. A phased array antenna as in claim 6 further including a balanced to unbalanced, and impedance matching transformer comprised of circuit traces on the exterior surfaces of said printed circuit boards coupled to certain of said interior traces.