Method and device for determining the attenuation function of an object with respect to the transmission of a reference material thickness

• US 5,687,210 A
• Filed: 09/05/1996
• Issued: 11/11/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/28/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Heimann Systems
• Original Assignee: Europ Scan
• Inventors: Maitrejean, Serge, Perion, Didier
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta, David P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bruce, David Vernon
• Application Number:
  US08/553,427
• Time in Patent Office: 432 Days
• Field of Search: 378/53, 378/54, 378/55, 378/56, 378/57
• US Class Current: 378/57
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/083 the radiation being X-rays

Abstract

The object'"'"'s transmission function is expressed as a finite power expansion of a reference-material reference thickness, each expansion power being equal to a ratio of a reference-material thickness to the reference thickness; the expansion coefficients are determined from the measurements of the intensities transmitted by the selected various thicknesses, including zero thickness, of the reference material exposed to a test beam evincing consecutively several energy spectra and from the measurements of the intensity transmitted by the object exposed to this same variable-spectrum test beam; the attenuation function is derived from the determination of the transmission function.

Claims

1. A method to determine an object'"'"'s attenuation function,

characterized in that it comprises the following stages:

A. expressing the object'"'"'s transmission function as a finite power expansion of the transmission u of a reference-material reference thickness, each power of u being assigned a coefficient, the expansion powers being equal to a ratio between previously determined thicknesses of the reference material to the reference thickness,

B. determining the expansion coefficients;

(a) by measuring the intensity of a test beam for different energy spectra,

(b) by measuring, for each of said energy spectra, the intensity of the beam transmitted by each of considered reference-material reference thicknesses,

(c) by measuring, for each of said energy spectra, the object'"'"'s transmitted beam intensity,

(d) by resolving, for each of said energy spectra, the object'"'"'s transmitted beam intensity into a sum of the intensities measured in the stage B-b relative to the spectrum under consideration, these intensities being assigned the looked-for coefficients,

(e) by resolving the system of equations derived in the stage B-d,

C. deriving the object'"'"'s attenuation function in terms of u from the stages 1 and B.

2. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that said energy spectra are present within a range of 10 Kev to 500 Kev.

3. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that said energy spectra are present within a range of 500 Kev to 20 Mev.

4. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that said energy spectra are partly overlapping with their neighbors.

5. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that N+1 spectra are used, where N is an integer and ≧

2, and in that N reference-material thicknesses are exposed to these spectra.

6. Method defined in claim 5, characterized in that N=9.

7. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that the expansion powers increased by 1/2 form a geometric progression with a common ratio equal to a root of three, the first power of the expansion being zero.

8. Method defined in claim 2, characterized in that the reference material is selected from bodies evincing an effective Z between 5 and 26.

9. Method defined in claim 8, characterized in that the reference material is Duralumin.

10. Method defined in claim 8, characterized in that the reference thickness is between 1 and 5 mm.

11. Method defined in claim 10, characterized in that the reference thickness is approximately 4 mm.

12. Method defined in claim 3, characterized in that the reference material is selected from the bodies evincing an effective Z between 13 and 60.

13. Method defined in claim 12, characterized in that the reference material is steel.

14. Method defined in claim 12, characterized in that the reference thickness is between 0.5 and 2 cm.

15. Method defined in claim 14, characterized in that the reference thickness is approximately 1 cm.

16. Method defined in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following additional stages:

measuring u in terms of energy using quasi-monochromatic energy beams of known intensities,

deriving therefrom the values of the object'"'"'s attenuation function for those energies.

17. Apparatus with which to implement the method of claim 1,

characterized in that it comprises:

means (10,

     16) emitting a test beam (14) sequentially evincing N+1 different energy spectra, where N is an integer and ≧

2,

N samples of a reference material evincing different thicknesses, one of these thicknesses (18a) being selected as the reference thickness, said samples lending themselves to be placed arbitrarily in the path of the beam (14),

at least one detector (20) to measure the intensity of the beam (14) for each energy spectrum and for measuring the intensities of the beams transmitted by the samples and by the object (24) exposed to the test beams,

processing means (22) for each detector (20) that are able to calculate the object'"'"'s transmission function from the measurement of beam intensity for each energy spectrum and from the measurement of the beam intensity transmitted by the samples and the object, and to derive therefrom the attenuation function expressed in terms of the reference-thickness transmission of the reference material.

18. Apparatus implementing the method defined in claim 1,

characterized in that it comprises:

means (26) emitting a wide-spectrum test beam,

N samples made of a reference material and of different thicknesses, where N≧

2 and an integer, one (18a) of said thicknesses being selected as the reference thickness,

at least one detector stack (30), each detector 30a, 30b . . . ) responding to a portion of the energy spectrum, the stack being ordered from the detector responding to the weakest portion of the energy spectrum to the detector responding to the highest portion of the energy spectrum,

processing means (22) for each stack (30) and connected at the outputs of the stacks under consideration, said processing means being able to calculate the object'"'"'s transmission function from the measurement of the intensities of the different test-beam spectra, from the measurement of the intensities of the spectra corresponding to the test beam transmitted by the samples and the object, and to derive therefrom the object'"'"'s attenuation function expressed in terms of the transmission of the reference-material reference thickness.