Method and apparatus for the placement of annotations on a display without overlap

• US 5,689,717 A
• Filed: 02/07/1996
• Issued: 11/18/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/03/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Pritt, Mark D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zimmerman, Mark K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): HONG, STEPHEN S
• Application Number:
  US08/598,094
• Time in Patent Office: 650 Days
• Field of Search: 395/133, 395/146, 395/155, 395/156, 395/157, 395/159, 395/160, 395/773, 395/343, 395/348, 395/349, 395/350, 395/779, 395/782, 395/783, 395/788, 395/174, 395/336, 364/443, 364/460, 340/988, 340/995, 382/180, 382/296
• US Class Current: 715/234
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/00 2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/60 Editing figures and text; Combining figures or text

Abstract

A method and system for placing annotations of various sizes on a display without overlapping the annotations is described. Each annotation is represented by its rectangular bounding box along with an identifying line or arrow that joins the rectangle with the display object that is to be annotated. These rectangles and lines are stored in a list. When an additional annotation is to be placed on the display, it is tested at various positions to determine if there is overlap with the annotations that are already on the display. The tested positions are chosen by varying the length of the identifying line and the angle it forms with the horizontal. When a position is found that yields no overlap, the annotation is placed on the display and added to the list of positioned annotations. This approach is very fast due to the simplicity of the overlap tests, which consist of simple geometric operations. The approach is also fast because it can do a quick search first followed by a more exhaustive search if no suitable position is found. It also can be modified easily to place the annotations without crowding them too closely together.

Claims

1. In a computer system having a plurality of dynamic objects displayed on a display, and having a list of variably-sized annotations currently displayed on the display where each annotation is associated with a display object, the real time method of determining where to position a dynamic object and its associated annotation on the display when displaying an additional annotation associated with a display object the position of which on the display is changing in real time without deleting or moving any previously displayed annotations comprising:

a) selecting a unique display position for the additional annotation based upon a specified, variable distance between the display position and the display object and a specified, variable angle formed by the intersection of a line extending horizontally from the display object and a line extending from the display position to the display object;

b) testing whether the selected display position for the additional annotation overlaps any annotation presently displayed by incrementing the angle by a pre-specified angle increment until all possible angles in a 360 degree range have been tested then incrementing the distance by a distance increment and re-incrementing the angle;

if there is no overlap then adding the additional annotation to the list of annotations and displaying the additional annotation at the selected display position, or, if more than one non-overlapping position exists, choosing the display position farthest from the currently displayed annotations;

if there is overlap returning to and repeating the selecting step to determine a new display position for testing until a non overlapping display position is found or all positions have been tested in which case the display position having the least overlap is selected and displayed; and

c) providing animated, real time display repositioning responses to dynamic changes in the positions of displayed objects on the display resulting from incoming, constantly changing data by deleting those objects and their associated annotations, displaying those objects in their new positions on the display and treating the deleted annotations as additional annotations for purposes of finding new positions for their display by returning to the selecting step.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

providing an indication that a non-overlapping display position could not be found for the additional annotation after all display positions have been checked.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein each annotation is a text block.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the annotations are comprised of a text blocks each with a line connecting the text block to the associated display object.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the annotations are comprised of a text blocks each with a line connecting the text block to the associated display object.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the annotations are comprised of a pixmap each with a line connecting the pixmap to the associated display object.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the annotations are comprised of a pixmap each with a line connecting the pixmap to the associated display object.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the additional annotation is displayed in response to a user selecting the associated display object.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the position of the additional annotation is changed and displayed in response to a change in the position of a display object caused by a user or by application software.

10. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

c) reducing the distance and angle increments and repeating steps a) and b) if no non-overlapping position is found.

11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

c) adding to the list of variably-sized annotations for the additional annotation a unique identifier, text associated with that annotation, the dimension of the text for that annotation defined as the smallest size rectangle which completely encloses the text, the location of the text for that annotation expressed as an integer grid point specifying the display position of the center of the rectangle and an identifying line expressed as a starting point and an ending point which ending point is identical to the location of the text for that annotation.

12. A computer system including a processing means, a memory means, a display means, and input means interconnected by a system bus, a software system for the real time annotation of objects displayed on a display which is accomplished without deleting or moving any previously displayed annotations comprising:

a plurality of display objects positioned on the display;

a list of variably-sized annotations currently displayed on the display in the memory means, each annotation in the list associated with a display object;

an additional annotation in the memory means associated with a display object;

a display position determining means in the memory means for generating a unique display position for the additional annotation based upon a specified, variable distance between the display position and the display object and a specified, variable angle formed by the intersection of a line extending horizontally from the display object and a line extending from the display position to the display object;

an overlap detection means for determining whether the display position of the additional annotation overlaps any annotation presently displayed;

an annotation positioning means where the display position generated for the additional annotation is tested by the overlap detection means by varying the angle by a pre-specified angle increment until all possible angles in a 360 degree range have been tested then incrementing the distance by a distance increment and re-incrementing the angle, if there is no overlap then the additional annotation is added to the list of annotations and displayed at the display position or, if more than one non-overlapping position exists, choosing the display position farthest from the currently displayed annotations;

if there is overlap then generating a new display position for testing using the display position determining means until a non overlapping display position is found or all positions have been tested in which case the display position having the least overlap is selected and displayed.

13. The computer system of claim 12 wherein the annotation positioning means provides an indication that a non-overlapping display position could not be found for the additional annotation after all display positions have been checked.

14. The computer system of claim 12 wherein said memory means includes a window management system and wherein the annotation positioning means uses said window management system to display the additional annotation.

15. The computer system of claim 12 wherein each annotations is comprised of a text block.

16. The computer system of claim 12 wherein each annotation is comprised of a text blocks and with a line connecting the text block to the associated display object.

17. The computer system of claim 12 wherein each annotation is comprised of a pixmap and with a line connecting the pixmap to the associated display object.

18. The computer system of claim 12 wherein each annotation is comprised of a widget.

19. The computer system of claim 12 wherein each annotation is comprised of a widget and a line connecting the widget and the associated display object.

20. The computer system of claim 12 wherein the additional annotation is displayed in response to a user selecting the associated display object using the input means.

21. The computer system of claim 12 wherein the annotation positioning means reduces the distance and angle increments and regenerates the display positions if no non-overlapping position is found.

22. The computer system of claim 12 wherein said list of variably-sized annotations includes a unique identifier for each annotation, text associated with each annotation, the dimension of the text for each annotation defined as the smallest size rectangle which completely encloses the text, the location of the text for each annotation expressed as an integer grid point specifying the display position of the center of the rectangle and an identifying line expressed as a starting point and an ending point which ending point is identical to the location of the text for that annotation.