Apparatus and method for encoding and decoding data on tactical air navigation and distance measuring equipment signals

• US 5,691,723 A
• Filed: 09/11/1995
• Issued: 11/25/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: E-Systems Incorporated (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: King, Dennis D., Brabender, Jeffery W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hofsass, Jeffery
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wong, Albert K.
• Application Number:
  US08/526,231
• Time in Patent Office: 806 Days
• Field of Search: 341/173, 341/178, 341/182, 342/47, 342/357, 332/112
• US Class Current: 341/178
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/765 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/785 Distance Measuring Equipment [DME] systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/41 Differential correction, e.g. DGPS [differential GPS]
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/009 Transmission of differential positioning data to mobile
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4902 Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation

Abstract

A method and apparatus for encoding and decoding data on navigation signal pulse pairs utilizes pulse position modulation (PPM). The pulse interval between a first pulse and a second pulse of the pulse pair is varied depending on whether the logic value of the data to be encoded is a logic "0" or a logic "1". A tri-graph encoding process converts the raw input data into encoded input data. Each input data bit is encoded into three bits with each bit having the same logical value as the input data bit. The encoded input data is then encoded on the navigation signal using a pulse position modulation (PPM) technique. A decoder recovers the encoded data and provides an error correction process for high data integrity that corrects certain bit errors that may occur during the transmission and reception of the data on the navigation signal. The error correction process detects and corrects errors such as a missing bit, an extra bit or a bit error.

Claims

1. A method of encoding data on a pulse pair of a navigation signal having a first pulse and a second pulse, comprising the step of:

encoding said navigation signal with a data bit on a pulse pair having a first pulse and a second pulse separated by a pulse interval by varying with an encoder as a part of a navigation system said pulse interval between the first pulse and said second pulse to represent the data bit.

2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the step of encoding a data bit comprises the steps of:

generating a pulse pair having a first pulse and a second pulse; and

time-shifting the second pulse of the pulse pair to generate an encoded pulse pair having a first time interval between the first pulse and the second pulse in response to a first value of the data bit and a second time interval between the first pulse and a second pulse in response to the second value of the data bit.

3. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein the step of time-shifting the second pulse further comprises the steps of:

eliminating the second pulse of the pulse pair;

generating a third pulse; and

adding the third pulse to the first pulse to generate the first pulse and the second pulse of the encoded pulse pair.

4. A method of encoding data on a pulse pair of a navigation signal having a first pulse and a second pulse, comprising the step of:

generating by an encoder as a part of a navigation system the first pulse and the second pulse of said navigation signal, the first pulse and the second pulse separated by a first time interval in response to a first value of the data and generating the first pulse and the second pulse separated by a second time interval in response to a second value of the data.

5. Apparatus for encoding data on a navigation signal, comprising:

an encoder responsive to an input data bit of either a first or second logic level and repeating at a first BPS rate to generate an output data bit at the same logic level as the input data bit at a second BPS rate, where the second BPS rate exceeds the first BPS rate;

a first pulse generator for generating a clock pulse, said clock pulse comprising a first pulse of a pulse pair;

a second pulse generator responsive to the output data bit of said encoder and the clock pulse to generate a second pulse of the pulse pair, the second pulse having a first time delay between the first pulse for an input data bit at the first logic level and a second time delay between the first pulse for an input data bit at the second logic level; and

means for combining the first pulse and the second pulse to produce a pulse pair navigation signal encoded with the input data bit.

6. An apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein the second pulse generator includes means for generating an output at the first time delay in the range of about 11.5 microseconds to less than 12.0 microseconds in a first mode of operation and in the range of about 29.5 microseconds to less than 30.0 microseconds in a second mode of operation, and further includes means for generating an output at the second time delay in the range of greater than 12.0 microseconds to about 12.5 microseconds in the first mode of operation and in the range of greater than 30.0 microseconds to about 30.5 microseconds in the second mode of operation.

7. An apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein the encoder includes a tri-graph encoder that converts an input data bit having a predetermined logic state into a data bit stream having three data bits, each data bit having the same logic state.

8. Apparatus for encoding data on a navigation signal as set forth in claim 5 including a transmitter responsive to the output of the means for combining to transmit the pulse pair as a navigation signal encoded in accordance with the logic level of the input data bit.

9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 5 wherein said second pulse generator includes:

a first timer responsive to the input data bit and enabled by the clock pulse to generate an output pulse for the first level of the input data bit; and

a second timer responsive to the input data bit and enabled by the clock pulse to generate an output for an input data bit at the second logic level.

10. Apparatus for encoding data as set forth in claim 9 wherein said second pulse generator includes a logic gate responsive to the output of the first and second timers and generating an output pulse of a first pulse width for an input data bit at the first logic level and generating a pulse having a second pulse width for an input data bit at the second logic level.

11. Apparatus for encoding data as set forth in claim 10 wherein said second pulse generator further includes a third timer responsive to the output of the logic gate to generate the second pulse of the pulse pair time delayed from the first pulse of the first pulse pair in accordance with the output of the logic gate.

12. Apparatus for encoding data on a navigation signal, comprising:

a first pulse generator for generating a first pulse of a pulse pair; and

a second pulse generator responsive to an input data bit of either a first logic level or a second logic level for generating a second pulse of the pulse pair, the second pulse having a first time delay between the first pulse for an input data bit at the first logic level and a second time delay between the first pulse for an input data bit at the second logic level; and

means for combining the first pulse and the second pulse to produce a pulse pair navigation signal encoded with the input data bit.

13. Apparatus for encoding data on a navigation signal as set forth in claim 12 including a transmitter responsive to the output of the means for combining to transmit the pulse pair as a navigation signal encoded in accordance with the logic level of the input data bit.

14. Apparatus in accordance with claim 12 wherein said second pulse generator includes:

a first timer responsive to the input data bit and enabled by the first pulse to generate an output pulse for the first level of the input data bit; and

a second timer responsive to the input data bit and enabled by the first pulse to generate an output for an input data bit at the second logic level.

15. Apparatus for encoding data as set forth in claim 14 wherein said second pulse generator includes a logic gate responsive to the output of the first and second timers and generating an output pulse of a first pulse width for an input data bit at the first logic level and generating a pulse having a second pulse width for an input data bit at the second logic level.

16. Apparatus for encoding data as set forth in claim 15 wherein said second pulse generator further includes a third timer responsive to the output of the logic gate to generate the second pulse of the pulse pair time delayed from the first pulse of the first pulse pair in accordance with the output of the logic gate.

17. Apparatus for decoding data encoded on a pulse pair of a navigation signal by pulse positioning, comprising:

means responsive to the first pulse of a pulse pair navigation signal to generate a first logic pulse window occurring a predetermined time after input of the first pulse of the pulse pair and generating a second logic pulse window occurring a second time interval after input of the first pulse of the pulse pair, the second time interval exceeding the first time interval;

first logic responsive to the pulse pair of the encoded navigation signal and the first logic pulse window to generate a first logic pulse when the time interval between the first pulse and the second pulse of the pulse pair equals a first time delay, the output of said first logic representing a first logic level of a data encoded on the pulse pair;

second logic responsive to the pulse pair of the encoded navigation signal and the second logic pulse window to generate a second logic pulse when the time interval between the first pulse and the second pulse of the pulse pair equals a second time delay, the output of said second logic representing a second logic level of a data bit encoded on the pulse pair; and

third logic responsive to the output of said first logic and said second logic for generating a signal at a first level for an encoded data bit of a pulse pair having a first logic level and for outputting a pulse at a second level for an encoded data bit of the pulse pair having a second logic level.

18. Apparatus for decoding data as set forth in claim 17 further including an encoder responsive to the output of said third logic to correct for errors in the encoded navigation signal.

19. A data link system for transmitting and receiving data encoded on a navigation signal, comprising:

a first pulse generator for generating a first pulse of a pulse pair;

a second pulse generator responsive to an input data bit of either a first logic level or second logic level for generating a second pulse of the pulse pair, the second pulse having a first time delay between the first pulse for an input data bit at the first logic level and a second time delay between the first pulse for an input data bit at the second logic level;

means for combining the first pulse and the second pulse to produce a pulse pair navigation signal encoded with the input data bit;

a transmitter to transmit the encoded pulse pair;

a receiver to receive the transmitted encoded pulse pair; and

a decoder to decode the received encoded pulse pair to recover the data encoded thereon.

20. A data link system in accordance with claim 19 wherein the decoder comprises:

means responsive to the first pulse of the pulse pair navigation signal to generate a first logic pulse window occurring a predetermined time after input of the first pulse of the pulse pair and generating a second logic pulse window occurring a second time interval after input of the first pulse of the pulse pair, the second time interval exceeding the first time interval;

first logic responsive to the pulse pair of the encoded navigation signal and the first logic pulse window to generate a first logic pulse when the time interval between the first pulse and the second pulse of the pulse pair equals a first time delay, the output of said first logic representing a first logic level of a data encoded on the pulse pair;

second logic responsive to the pulse pair of the encoded navigation signal and the second logic pulse window to generate a second logic pulse when the time interval between the first pulse and the second pulse of the pulse pair equals a second time delay, the output of said second logic representing a second logic level of a data bit encoded on the pulse pair; and

third logic responsive to the output of said first logic and said second logic for generating a signal at a first level for an encoded data bit of a pulse pair having a first logic level and for outputting a pulse at a second level for an encoded data bit of the pulse pair having a second logic level.