Electronic pointing device

• US 5,691,747 A
• Filed: 12/19/1994
• Issued: 11/25/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation (Seiko Group)
• Original Assignee: Seiko Epson Corporation (Seiko Group)
• Inventors: Amano, Kazuhiko
• Primary Examiner(s): Powell, Mark R.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kovalick, Vincent E.
• Application Number:
  US08/359,753
• Time in Patent Office: 1,072 Days
• Field of Search: 345/112, 345/145, 345/156, 345/157, 345/158, 345/159, 345/160, 345/163, 345/168, 345/172, 345/173
• US Class Current: 345/167
• CPC Class Codes: G04G 21/00 Input or output devices integrated in time-pieces
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/038 Control and interface arrangements therefor, e.g. drivers or device-embedded control circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0414 using force sensing means to determine a position
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0488 using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures

Abstract

A compact, miniaturized pointing device for use with an electronic apparatus, such as a computer, personal data assistant (PDA), or digital watch display screen, is provided to indicate the position of a cursor mark on the display screen. The pointing device includes an elastic member which has a body portion that extends above the surface of the electronic apparatus with a section below the surface including pressure sensitive elements and corresponding position indicators. When a finger is placed on the elastic member, vibrational pressures are generated and pressure signals are propagated through the elastic member reaching the pressure sensing elements housed in the submerged section. The intensity of the propagating signal attenuates with a square of the distance traveled and, therefore, from a determination of the ratio of the magnitude the output voltage signals from the pressure sensing elements, the position of the pressed point on the elastic member can be computed. The pointing device computes the coordinates of the pressed point in relation to the projected pressed point on orthogonal axes of a planar surface at the submerged section, and from these coordinates are utilized by circuitry of the electronic apparatus to correspondingly position the cursor mark on the display screen. A movement of the finger on the elastic member can be translated into a movement vector, and sampling rates are adjusted to follow any velocity rate of the movement vector thereby allowing the screen to accurately reflect the movement of the finger.

Claims

1. An electronic pointing device for determining a static position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the point device comprising:

an elastic member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion, said vibrational pressure waves attenuating as they propagate across said elastic member;

at least three pressure sensing means disposed in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point and providing position indicating signals in correspondence with attenuated results of said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

first computing means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section.

2. The electronic pointing device of claim 1 wherein said first computing device computes said projected coordinates at specified time intervals.

5. The electronic pointing device of claim 1 wherein said base section is bonded to said elastic member via an adhesive bonding.

6. The electronic pointing device of claim 1 wherein said at least three pressure sensing means comprise four pressure sensing means disposed equidistantly from a center point of said base section in orthogonal symmetry.

16. The electronic pointing device of claim 1 wherein said electronic pointing device is incorporated in a electronic apparatus having a plurality of functions for performing computational tasks and for displaying computed results on a display screen of said electronic apparatus.

3. An electronic pointing device for determining a moving position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the device comprising:

an elastic member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion, said vibrational pressure waves attenuating as they propagate across said elastic member;

at least three pressure sensing means disposed in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point and providing position indicating signals in correspondence with attenuated results of said detected vibrational pressure waves;

first computing means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section; and

second computing means for computing said position indicating signals at specified time intervals and computing a movement vector for indicating a positional change of said pressed point from a previously pressed point in a predetermined time interval.

4. The electronic pointing device of claim 3 wherein said second computing means further comprises time interval control means for adjusting said time interval in accordance with a velocity of movement in said pressed point.

7. An electronic pointing device for determining a static position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastic member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion, said vibrational pressure waves attenuating as they propagate across said elastic member;

four pressure sensing means disposed within said base section equidisitantly from a center point thereof in orthogonal symmetry, said pressure sensing means configured for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point and providing position indicating signals in correspondence with attenuated result of said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

first computing means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section;

wherein said four pressure sensing means are fabricated on a common semiconductor base section.

8. The electronic pointing device of claim 7 wherein said base section includes at least one cavity having an opening through a bottom surface of said base section, and each of said pressure sensing means is disposed in said cavity for detecting pressure changes within each said cavity.

9. The electronic pointing device of claim 8, wherein said cavity is filled with a liquid like medium.

10. The electronic pointing device of claim 7 wherein said base section comprises at least three cavities, each having an opening through said bottom surface, and a respective pressure transmission means for transmitting pressure variations in said cavity so as to enable each pressure sensing means to detect an internal pressure change in each of said respective pressure transmission means.

11. The electronic pointing device of claim 10 wherein said at least three cavities and said respective pressure transmission means are filled with liquid like medium.

12. The electronic pointing device of claim 10 wherein said pressure transmission means are comprise an elastically rigid material.

13. An electronic pointing device for determining a static position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastic member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion;

at least three pressure sensing means disposed in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point and providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

first computing means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section;

wherein said extended upper body portion of said elastic member is covered with a material having a higher modulus of elasticity than a modulus of elasticity of said elastic member.

14. An electronic pointing device for determining a static position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastic member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion;

at least three pressure sensing means disposed in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point and providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

first computing means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section;

wherein said extended upper body of said elastic member is covered with a plurality of projections having a higher modulus of elasticity than a modulus of elasticity of said elastic member.

15. An electronic pointing device for determining a static position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastic member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion;

at least three pressure sensing means disposed in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point and providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

first computing means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section;

wherein said elastic member is disposed on a hand-held casing so as to expose said extended upper body portion on a control surface.

17. An electronic pointing device for determining a static position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastic member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion;

at least three pressure sensing means disposed in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point and providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves;

first computing means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section; and

biasing means for applying an equal bias to each of said at least three pressure sensing elements for generating output signals proportional to vibrational pressures generated from said pressed point.

18. An electronic pointing device as claimed in claim 17 wherein said biasing is applied to each of said at least three pressure sensing elements continually during a measuring period of said vibrational pressures.

19. An electronic pointing device as claimed in claim 17 wherein said biasing is applied periodically during a measuring period to each of said at least three pressure sensing elements.

20. An electronic pointing device as claimed in claim 17 wherein said biasing is applied as biasing current pulses.

21. An electronic pointing device for determining a position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastomeric member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion, said vibrational pressure waves attenuating as they propagate across said elastic member;

a plurality of pressure sensors disposed in equal lateral positions in said base section for detecting attenuated results of said vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed joint;

transducers for providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

computational means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signal for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section.

22. An electronic pointing device for determining a position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastomeric member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion;

a plurality of pressure sensors disposed in equal lateral positions in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed joint;

transducers for providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

computational means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signal for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section, said computational means comprising calibration means for increasing accuracy of position determination of said pressed point for correcting differences in performance of individual pressure sensors due to difference in the physical characteristics by sequentially selecting groups of said pressure sensors excluding at least one thereof wherein the total number of selected groups are determined by the representation of _n C_n-1 where n is the number of said pressure sensors, said calibration means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for each of said selected groups and for determining any differences in voltage values among transducer means of said selected groups indicative of correction values corresponding to each of said pressure sensors having an equal response value for said pressed point.

23. The electronic pointing device of claim 22 wherein there are four of said pressure sensors with four different selected groups of three pressure sensors per group.

24. An electronic pointing device for determining a position on a viewing screen of a computing device, the pointing device comprising:

an elastomeric member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section, said elastic member for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion;

a plurality of pressure sensors disposed in equal lateral positions in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed joint;

transducers for providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves; and

computational means for computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signal for defining orthogonal coordinates of said pressed point relative to a reference point of said planar bottom section, said computational means comprising means for computing said position indicating signals at specified time intervals and computing a movement vector for indicating a positional change of said pressed point from a previously pressed point in a predetermined time interval.

25. A method of calibrating an electronic pointing device for increasing the accuracy for determining a coordinate position on a viewing screen of a computing device by correcting for differences in performance of individual pressure sensors employed in the pointing device due to difference in their physical characteristics, the pointing device having an elastomeric member having an extended upper body portion and a planar bottom surface bonded to a base section for propagating vibrational pressure waves generated from a pressed point on said body portion, a plurality of said pressure sensors disposed in equal lateral positions in said base section for detecting vibrational pressure waves propagated from said pressed point, and transducers for providing position indicating signals in correspondence with said detected vibrational pressure waves, comprising the steps of:

sequentially selecting groups of said pressure sensors excluding at least one thereof wherein the total number of selected groups are determined by the representation of _n C_n-1 where n is the number of said pressure sensors,

computing projected coordinates of said pressed point in accordance with said position indicating signals for each of said selected groups,

determining any differences in voltage values among transducers of said selected groups indicative of correction values corresponding to each of said pressure sensors having an equal response value for said pressed point, and

utilizing said correction values in subsequent determinations of projected coordinates of pressure points.