System and method for reconstruction of the position of objects utilizing a signal transmitting and receiving distance determining device

• US 5,696,705 A
• Filed: 08/29/1995
• Issued: 12/09/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 08/29/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kama-Tech (HK) Limited
• Original Assignee: Laser Technology Incorporated (Laser Technology)
• Inventors: Zykan, Blair J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Voeltz, Emanuel T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Cuong H.
• Application Number:
  US08/520,651
• Time in Patent Office: 833 Days
• Field of Search: 356/3, 356/5, 356/28, 356/376, 356/3.03, 356/5.01, 356/5.05, 356/141.1, 356/5.11, 364/460, 364/561, 342/112, 342/118, 342/114, 342/125, 342/127, 342/128, 342/451, 342/458, 219/124, 250/559, 250/201.6, 367/99, 367/101, 367/909, 180/167, 180/169, 340/435, 340/436
• US Class Current: 702/159
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 15/002 Active optical surveying means optical plumbing G01C15/105
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/06 Systems determining position data of a target
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/08 for measuring distance only indirect measurement G01S17/46; active triangulation systems G01S17/48
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/58 Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/86 Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/87 Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/88 Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/89 for mapping or imaging

Abstract

A system and method for data entry and retroactive reconstruction of the relative position of features and objects, in particular with respect to scenes such as transitory occurrences, utilizing a signal transmitting and receiving distance determining device. In a particular embodiment, the system and method disclosed has especial applicability to the on-scene recordation and subsequent ex post facto reconstruction of traffic accident scenes by law enforcement officers and may be readily and efficiently implemented in conjunction with a commercially available laser-based speed and distance determining device otherwise usable for vehicle speed traffic monitoring functions utilizing either triangulation or baseline/offset mensuration techniques.

Claims

1. A method for determining first and second coordinates of a selected feature occupying at least one of a plurality of positions of a scene with respect to first and second control points fixed adjacent said scene, said method comprising the steps of:

initially determining a first distance between said first and second control points;

positioning a signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device adjacent said selected feature at said at least one of said plurality of positions;

directing a first transmitted signal toward said first control point;

receiving a first reflected signal from said first control point at said distance measuring device;

secondly determining a second distance between said at least one of said plurality of positions and said first control point based on a time of flight of said first transmitted and first reflected signals;

also directing a second transmitted signal toward said second control point;

also receiving a second reflected signal from said second control point at said distance measuring device;

thirdly determining a third distance between said at least one of said plurality of positions and said second control point based on a time of flight of said second transmitted and second reflected signals; and

storing said first, second and third distances for subsequent calculation of said first and second coordinates.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of initially determining is carried out by the steps of:

additionally positioning said signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device adjacent said first control point;

additionally directing a third transmitted signal toward said second control point;

additionally receiving a third reflected signal from said second control point at said distance measuring device; and

additionally determining said first distance between said first and second control points based on a time of flight of said third transmitted and third reflected signals.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

computing an abscissa and ordinate of said feature with respect to a line through said first and second control points based upon said second and third distances.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said steps of directing, receiving, also directing and also receiving are carried out by means of a laser based ranging instrument.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein said steps of secondly and thirdly determining are carried out by means of a programmable field data collector.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein said first, second and third distances are electronically input to said field data collector by said laser based ranging instrument.

7. The method of claim 5 further comprising the step of:

manually entering a verbal descriptor associated with said selected feature to said field data collector.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said steps of positioning, directing and also directing are prompted by a display associated with said signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said first and second coordinates are automatically computed based upon said first, second and third distances and displayed on said display.

10. A method for determining first and second coordinates of a selected feature occupying at least one of a plurality of positions of a scene with respect to first and second control points fixed adjacent said scene, said method comprising the steps of:

initially determining a first distance between said first and second control points;

positioning a signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device adjacent said first control point;

directing a first transmitted signal toward said selected feature at said at least one of said plurality of positions;

receiving a first reflected signal from said at least one of said plurality of positions at said distance measuring device;

secondly determining a second distance between said first control point and said at least one of said plurality of positions based on a time of flight of said first transmitted and first reflected signals;

repositioning said distance measuring device adjacent said second control point;

also directing a second transmitted signal toward said at least one of said plurality of positions;

also receiving a second reflected signal from said at least one of said plurality of positions at said distance measuring device;

thirdly determining a third distance between said second control point and said at least one of said plurality of positions based on a time of flight of said second transmitted and second reflected signals; and

storing said first, second and third distances for subsequent calculation of said first and second coordinates.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said step of initially determining is carried out by the steps of:

additionally positioning said signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device adjacent said first control point;

additionally directing a third transmitted signal toward said second control point;

additionally receiving a third reflected signal from said second control point at said distance measuring device; and

additionally determining said first distance between said first and second control points based on a time of flight of said third transmitted and third reflected signals.

12. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of:

computing an abscissa and ordinate of said feature with respect to a line through said first and second control points based upon said second and third distances.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said steps of directing, receiving, also directing and also receiving are carried out by means of a laser based ranging instrument.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein said steps of secondly and thirdly determining are carried out by means of a programmable field data collector.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said first, second and third distances are electronically input to said field data collector by said laser based ranging instrument.

16. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of:

manually entering a verbal descriptor associated with said selected feature to said field data collector.

17. The method of claim 10 wherein said steps of positioning, directing and also directing are prompted by a display associated with said signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein said first and second coordinates are automatically computed based upon said first, second and third distances and displayed on said display.

19. A method for determining first and second coordinates of a feature occupying at least one of a plurality of positions of a scene with respect to a baseline extending between first and second control points fixed adjacent said scene, said method comprising the steps of:

positioning a signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device at said least one of a plurality of points along said baseline perpendicular to a specific one of said plurality of positions;

directing a first transmitted signal toward said first control point;

receiving a first reflected signal from said first control point at said distance measuring device;

determining a first distance between said at least one of said plurality of points along said baseline and said first control point based on a time of flight of said first transmitted and first reflected signals;

also directing a second transmitted signal toward said specific one of said plurality of positions;

also receiving a second reflected signal from said specific one of said plurality of positions at said distance measuring device;

also determining a second distance between said at least one of said plurality of points and said specific one of said plurality of positions based on a time of flight of said second transmitted and second reflected signals; and

storing said first and second distances for subsequent calculation of said first and second coordinates.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein said steps of directing, receiving, also directing and also receiving are carried out by means of a laser based ranging instrument.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said steps of determining and also determining are carried out by means of a programmable field data collector.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said first and second distances are electronically input to said field data collector by said laser based ranging instrument.

23. The method of claim 21 further comprising the step of:

manually entering a verbal descriptor associated with said selected feature to said field data collector.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein said steps of positioning, directing and also directing are prompted by a display associated with said signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein said first and second coordinates are automatically computed based upon said first and second distances and displayed on said display.

26. A system for recording relative positional data points of a scene comprising:

a signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device having a user aiming sight for directing a transmitted signal toward each in a series of selected objects at said scene and receiving a reflected signal therefrom, said distance measuring device being capable of determining an object distance to each of said series of selected objects based upon a time of flight of said transmitted signals directed to each one of said series of selected objects and reflected signals received from said each one of said series of selected objects; and

a data recorder associated with said distance measuring device having a data input section for manual actuation by said user and a display viewable by said user, said data recorder being coupled to said distance measuring device to store data indicative of a plurality of said object distances to each of said selected objects from said distance measuring device, said data recorder displaying selected ones of said distances on said display and associating each of said object distances with a user selected distance identifier input to said data input section and calculating positional coordinates of at least one of said selected objects.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein said data recorder is programmable to determine an abscissa and ordinate of each of said series of selected objects based upon said object distances.

28. The system of claim 27 wherein said abscissa and ordinate are calculated relative to distances of each of said series of selected objects to first and second control points.

29. The system of claim 28 wherein coordinates of said first and second control points have been entered by said user on said data input section of said data recorder.

30. The system of claim 26 wherein said distance measuring device is electronically coupled to said data recorder by a data bus.

31. The system of claim 30 wherein said data indicative of said plurality of said object distances is input to said data recorder over said data bus.

32. The system of claim 26 wherein said data indicative of said plurality of said object distances is input to said data recorder through said data input section.

33. A system for recording relative positional data points of a scene comprising:

a signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device having a user aiming sight for directing a transmitted signal toward each in a series of selected objects at said scene and receiving a reflected signal therefrom, said distance measuring device being capable of determining an object distance to each of said series of selected objects based upon a time of flight of said transmitted signals directed to each one of said series of selected objects and reflected signals received from said each one of said series of selected objects; and

a data recorder associated with said distance measuring device having a data input section for manual actuation by said user and a display viewable by said user, said data recorder being coupled to said distance measuring device to store data indicative of a plurality of said object distances to each of said selected objects from said distance measuring device, said data recorder displaying selected ones of said distances on said display and associating each of said object distances with a user selected distance identifier input to said data input section wherein said data recorder is programmable to determine an abscissa and ordinate of each of said series of selected objects based upon said object distances and wherein said abscissa and ordinate are determined relative to a position on a baseline between first and second control points defining said abscissa and a corresponding perpendicular distance to each of said series of selected objects defining said ordinate.

34. The system of claim 33 wherein coordinates of said first control point have been entered by said user on said data input section of said data recorder.

35. A system for recording relative positional data points of a scene comprising:

a signal transmitting and receiving distance measuring device having a user aiming sight for directing a transmitted signal toward each in a series of selected objects at said scene and receiving a reflected signal therefrom, said distance measuring device being capable of determining an object distance to each of said series of selected objects based upon a time of flight of said transmitted signals directed to each one of said series of selected objects and reflected signals received from said each one of said series of selected objects; and

a data recorder associated with said distance measuring device having a display viewable by said user, said data recorder being coupled to said distance measuring device to store data indicative of a plurality of said object distances to each of said selected objects from said distance measuring device and calculate positional coordinates of at least one of said selected objects.

36. The system according to claim 35 wherein said data recorder calculates and displays coordinates of a plurality of said selected objects from said stored distance data.

37. The system according to claim 36 wherein said recorder further displays a user defined identifier associated with at least one of said objects.

38. The system according to claim 36 wherein said coordinates are rectilinear coordinates.