Optical disc, device for checking optical disc and device for recording information on optical disc

• US 5,696,757 A
• Filed: 09/23/1996
• Issued: 12/09/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: JVC Kenwood Corporation
• Original Assignee: Victor Company of Japan Limited (JVC Kenwood Corporation)
• Inventors: Nagano, Hirofumi, Ozaki, Kazuhisa, Kayanuma, Kanji
• Primary Examiner(s): Dinh, Tan
• Application Number:
  US08/717,663
• Time in Patent Office: 442 Days
• Field of Search: 369/58, 369/275.4, 369/275.3, 369/54, 369/84, 369/83, 369/44.26, 360/15, 360/13, 360/60, 386/94, 380/3, 380/5
• US Class Current: 369/47.35
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2211/007 Encryption, En-/decode, En-/decipher, En-/decypher, Scramble, (De-)compress
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00586 said format change concerning the physical format of the recording medium
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00594 wherein the shape of recording marks is altered, e.g. the depth, width, or length of pits
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00601 wherein properties of tracks are altered, e.g., by changing the wobble pattern or the track pitch, or by adding interruptions or eccentricity
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00927 wherein said defects or errors are generated on purpose, e.g. intended scratches
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/10 Digital recording or reproducing
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/0037 with discs
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/00745 Sectoring or header formats within a track formats in general G11B20/12
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/24085 Pits
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/261 Preparing a master, e.g. exposing photoresist, electroforming

Abstract

An optical disc on which a number of spiral trains of regular pits and at least one train of irregular pits are formed. The regular pits of each of the trains is arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of a track. Each of the irregular pits has a predetermined shape different from a shape of each of the regular pits. An arrangement of the train of the irregular pits being differs from an arrangement of each of the trains of the regular pits. A tracking error signal being obtained from the train of the irregular pits. An irregular pit can not be copied even when a normal optical disc containing such an irregular pit is copied by performing a conventional copying method. Thus, an illegal copy disc can be discriminated from a normal optical disc by checking whether or not an irregular pit is included in an optical disc to provide good copy protection by easily detecting an illegal copy disc.

Claims

1. An optical disc comprising:

a predetermined number of spiral trains of regular pits; and

at least one train of irregular pits;

the regular pits of each of the trains being arranged symmetrically with respect to a center of a track;

each of the irregular pits having a predetermined shape different from a shape of each of the regular pits;

an arrangement of the train of the irregular pits being different from an arrangement of each of the trains of the regular pits and being asymmetrical with respect to a center of a track;

the train of the irregular pits having information causing a tracking error signal.

4. The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein each of the irregular pits of the train of the irregular pits is arranged on a center line wobbled in a radial direction by a maximum amplitude smaller than a track pitch.

5. The optical disc according to claim 4, wherein:

a wobbling frequency is higher than each frequency of a tracking servo band and is a frequency at which a reproduced signal component included in a tracking error signal becomes minimum and conversely,

a wobbling signal carrier becomes maximum when a signal is reproduced by an optical pickup using a side beam for tracking.

6. The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein the train of the irregular pits is arranged on a portion of the disc, and a reproduced signal component included in a tracking error signal becomes smaller in level than a reference level.

7. The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein a duty factor of each of the irregular pits is different from a duty factor of each of the regular pits.

8. The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein a width in a radial direction of each of the irregular pits is different from a width in the radial direction of each of the regular pits.

12. The checking device according to claim 1, wherein the judgement means comprises:

a third detection unit for detecting symmetry of a waveform of an RF signal with respect to a slicing level of the RF signal;

a slicing-level changing unit for changing the slicing level of the RF signal according to the detected symmetry;

a comparison unit for determining whether or not the change in slicing level is within a reference range, and

a judgment unit for judging from an output signal of the comparison unit whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the checked optical disc;

whereby the checking device is operable for discriminating between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

13. The checking device according to claim 1, wherein the judgement means comprises:

an amount-of-reflection-light signal generating unit for irradiating an information recording portion of the checked optical disc with laser light and outputting an amount-of-reflection-light signal representing an amount of light reflected by the optical disc;

a comparison unit for determining whether or not change in the amount-of-reflection-light signal is within a reference range;

an expansion unit for expanding an output signal of the comparison unit; and

a judgment unit for judging from an output signal of the expansion unit whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the read optical disc;

whereby the checking device is operable for discriminating between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

18. The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein each of the irregular pits is shorter than each of the regular pits in length along a track.

19. The optical disc according to claim 1, wherein a depth of each of the irregular pits is smaller than a depth of each of the regular pits.

20. The optical disc according to claim 8, wherein the width in the radial direction of each of the irregular pits is smaller than that in the radial direction of each of the regular pits.

2. A checking device for checking whether an optical disc is a normal disc or an illegal copy disc, wherein

the normal disc has a predetermined number of spiral trains of regular pits and at least one train of irregular pits arranged in a given area of the normal disc,

the regular pits of each of the trains being arranged symmetrically with respect to a center of a track;

each of the irregular pits having a predetermined shape different from a shape of each of the regular pits;

an arrangement of the train of the irregular pits being different from an arrangement of each of the trains of the regular pits and being asymmetrical with respect to a center of a track, and

wherein the illegal copy disc lacks a train of irregular pits in an area thereof which corresponds to the given area of the normal disc;

the checking device comprising;

reproducing means for reproducing information from an area of a checked optical disc which corresponds to the given area of the normal disc; and

judgment means for detecting from the information reproduced by the reproducing means whether or not a train of irregular pits is present in the checked optical disc, and for judging from a result of the detection whether the checked optical disc is a normal disc or an illegal copy disc.

9. The checking device according to claim 2,

wherein the reproducing means has a decoding unit for reading a data block from an information recording portion of the checked optical disc and decoding the data block, and

wherein the judgement means comprises:

a first detection unit for detecting whether a servo signal or a data signal is normal or abnormal;

a second detection unit for detecting whether or not output signals of the decoding unit and the first detection unit are related to each other at a predetermined regular point of time; and

a judgement unit for judging from a detection signal outputted from the second detection signal whether or not an irregular pit to be preliminarily recorded on the disc is detected;

whereby each volume of the checked optical disc is identifiable as being a volume of an optical disc having only regular pits or a volume of an optical disc having an irregular pit preliminarily recorded thereon.

10. The checking device according to claim 9, which further comprises a tracking error signal detection unit for detecting a tracking error signal;

a third detection unit for detecting whether the signal level of the tracking error signal is nearly constant or changes like that of a burst signal; and

a control unit for judging from the tracking error signal whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the checked optical disc and for controlling a reproducing operation to be effected after the judgment is made;

whereby the checking device is operable for discriminating between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

11. The checking device according to claim 10, wherein the reproducing means employs a three-spot tracking method, and the third detection unit comprises a bandpass filter circuit, a rectifying circuit and a comparator circuit, and the center frequency of the bandpass filter circuit is set to be a frequency at which the Level of a burst signal appearing in the tracking error signal becomes maximum and the leakage of a data signal appearing in the tracking error signal becomes minimum.

14. The checking device according to claim 2, wherein the judgment means comprises:

a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the disc, by making a determination of;

whether or not a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in synchronization with a regular point of time determined according to data recorded at the read address;

whether or not variation in slicing level correspondingly to symmetry of a waveform of the RF signal with respect to a slicing level thereof is detected in synchronization with a regular point of time;

or

whether or not variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is detected in synchronization with the regular point of time;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

15. The checking device according to claim 2, wherein the judgment means comprises a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging that an irregular pit is detected in the disc, if it is judged more than a predetermined number of times that a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in synchronization with a regular point of time determined according to data recorded at the read address, and

if it is judged more than a predetermined number of times that a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is not detected in synchronization with a regular point of time determined according to data recorded at the read address.

16. The checking device according to claim 2, wherein the judgement means comprises:

a storage unit for storing a predetermined address of a data block stored in the checked optical disc, which block is used for determining a kind of the checked optical disk from a result of judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected among information pits formed on the disk, and

a third detection unit for reading the data block recorded at the predetermined address when setting the optical disc and for judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the disc, by determining;

whether or not a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in the data block;

whether or not a variation in slicing level of the RF signal is detected in the data block;

or

whether or not variation in level of an amount-of-reflection-light signal is detected in the data block;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

17. The checking device according to claim 2, wherein the judgment means comprises:

a storage unit for storing a predetermined address, at which a table of addresses of a data block is stored in the checked optical disc, the data block being used for determining a kind of the checked optical disk from a result Of judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected among information pits formed on the disk, and

a third detection unit for reading the table at the predetermined address, and next reading the data block stored at the address listed in the table when setting the optical disc and for judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the disc, by determining;

whether or not a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in the data block;

whether or not a variation in slicing level of the RF signal is detected in the data block;

or

whether or not variation in level of an amount-of-reflection-light signal is detected in the data block;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

29. The checking device according to claim 2, wherein the judgment means comprises a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging that an irregular pit is detected in the disc, if it is judged that:

variation in slicing level correspondingly to the symmetry of the waveform of the RF signal with respect to the slicing level thereof is detected at a regular timing corresponding to even-numbered frames, and that

variation in slicing level correspondingly to the symmetry of the waveform of the RF signal with respect to the slicing level thereof is not detected at a regular timing corresponding to odd-numbered frames.

30. The checking device according to claim 2, wherein the judgment means comprises a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging that an irregular pit is detected in the disc, if it is judged that:

variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is detected at a regular timing corresponding to even-numbered frames, and that

variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is not detected at a regular timing corresponding to odd-numbered frames.

3. A checking device for checking whether an optical disc is a normal disc or an illegal copy disc, wherein

the normal disc has a predetermined number of spiral trains of regular pits and at least one train of irregular pits arranged in a given area of the normal disc,

the regular pits of each of the trains being arranged symmetrically with respect to a center of a track;

each of the irregular pits having a predetermined shape different from a shape of each of the regular pits;

the irregular pits being arranged intermittently on a predetermined area correspondingly to data blocks represented by a modulation signal recorded as the trains of the regular pits, and

wherein the illegal copy disc lacks a train of irregular pits in an area thereof which corresponds to the predetermined area of the normal disc;

the checking device comprising;

reproducing means for reproducing information from an area of a checked optical disc which corresponds to the predetermined area of the normal disc; and

judgment means for detecting from the information reproduced by the reproducing means whether or not a train of irregular pits is present in the checked optical disc, and for judging from a result of the detection whether the checked optical disc is a normal disc or an illegal copy disc.

21. The checking device according to claim 3,

wherein the reproducing means has a decoding unit for reading a data block from an information recording portion of the checked optical disc and decoding the data block, and

wherein the judgement means comprises:

a first detection unit for detecting whether a servo signal or a data signal is normal or abnormal;

a second detection unit for detecting whether or not output signals of the decoding unit and the first detection unit are related to each other at a predetermined regular point of time; and

a judgement unit for judging from a detection signal outputted from the second detection signal whether or not an irregular pit to be preliminarily recorded on the disc is detected;

whereby the checking device enables each volume of the checked optical disc to be determined as being a volume of an optical disc having only regular pits or a volume of an optical disc having an irregular pit preliminarily recorded thereon.

22. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgement means comprises:

a third detection unit for detecting symmetry of a waveform of an RF signal with respect to a slicing level of the RF signal;

a slicing-level, changing unit for changing the slicing level of the RF signal according to the detected symmetry;

a comparison unit for determining whether or not the change in slicing level is within a reference range, and

a judgment unit for judging from an output signal of the comparison unit whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the checked optical disc;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

23. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgement means comprises:

an amount-of-reflection-light signal generating unit for irradiating an information recording portion of the checked optical disc with laser light and outputting an amount-of-reflection-light signal representing an amount of light reflected by the optical disc;

a comparison unit for determining whether or not change in the amount-of-reflection-light signal is within a reference range;

an expansion unit for expanding an output signal of the comparison unit; and

a judgment unit for judging from an output signal of the expansion unit whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the read optical disc;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

24. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgment means comprises:

a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the disc, by determining;

whether or not a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in synchronization with a regular point of time determined according to data recorded at the read address;

whether or not variation in slicing level correspondingly to symmetry of a waveform of the RF signal with respect to a slicing level thereof is detected in synchronization with a regular point of time;

or

whether or not variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is detected in synchronization with the regular point of time;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

25. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgment means comprises a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging that an irregular pit is detected in the disc, if it is judged more than a predetermined number of times that a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in synchronization with a regular point of time determined according to data recorded at the read address, that variation in slicing level correspondingly to the symmetry of the waveform of the RF signal with respect to the slicing level thereof is detected in synchronization with the regular point of time, or that variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is detected in synchronization with the regular point of time, and

if it is judged more than a predetermined number of times that a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is not detected in synchronization with a regular point of time determined according to data recorded at the read address, that variation in slicing level correspondingly to the symmetry of the waveform of the RF signal with respect to the slicing level thereof is not detected in synchronization with the regular point of time, or that variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is not detected in synchronization with the regular point of time.

26. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgement means comprises:

a storage unit for storing a predetermined address of a data block stored in the checked optical disc, which block is used for determining a kind of the checked optical disk from a result of judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected among information pits formed on the disk, and

a third detection unit for reading the data block recorded at the predetermined address when setting the optical disc and for judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the disc, by determining;

whether or not a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in the data block;

whether or not a variation in slicing level of the RF signal is detected in the data block;

or

whether or not variation in level of an amount-of-reflection-light signal is detected in the data block;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

27. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgment means comprises:

a storage unit for storing a predetermined address, at which a table of addresses of a data block is stored in the checked optical disc, the data block being used for determining a kind of the checked optical disk from a result of judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected among information pits formed on the disk, and

a third detection unit for reading the table at the predetermined address, and next reading the data block stored at the address listed in the table when setting the optical disc and for judging whether or not an irregular pit is detected in the disc, by determining;

whether or not a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected in the data block;

whether or not a variation in slicing level of the RF signal is detected in the data block;

or

whether or not variation in level of an amount-of-reflection- light signal is detected in the data block;

whereby the checking device discriminates between volumes of the checked optical disc on the basis of the presence or absence of an irregular pit.

28. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgment means comprises a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging that an irregular pit is detected in the disc, if it is determined that:

a) more than a predetermined number of times a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is detected at a regular timing corresponding to even numbered frames, and

b) more than a predetermined number of times a tracking error signal changing like a burst signal is not detected at a regular timing corresponding to odd numbered frames.

31. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgment means comprises a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging that an irregular pit is detected in the disc, if it is determined that:

variation in slicing level correspondingly to the symmetry of the waveform of the RF signal with respect to the slicing level thereof is detected at a regular timing corresponding to even-numbered frames, and that

variation in slicing level correspondingly to the symmetry of the waveform of the RF signal with respect to the slicing level thereof is not detected at a regular timing corresponding to odd-numbered frames.

32. The checking device according to claim 3, wherein the judgment means comprises a third detection unit for reading data recorded at each of predetermined addresses in a data block recorded on the checked optical disc and judging that an irregular pit is detected in the disc, if it is determined that:

variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is detected at a regular timing corresponding to even-numbered frames, and that

variation in amount of light reflected by the disc is not detected at a regular timing corresponding to odd-numbered frames.

33. An optical disc comprising:

a predetermined number of spiral trains of regular pits; and

a plurality of trains of irregular pits;

the regular pits in each of the trains being arranged symmetrically with respect to a center of a track;

each of the irregular pits having a predetermined shape different from a shape of each of the regular pits;

an arrangement of each of the trains of the irregular pits being different from an arrangement of each of the trains of the regular pits and being asymmetrical with respect to a center of a track;

each of the trains of the irregular pits having information causing a tracking error signal.

34. The optical disc according to claim 33, wherein the trains of the regular pits and the trains of the irregular pits are alternately arranged along a track at a given alternation period corresponding to a given data block of a record signal.

35. The optical disc according to claim 33, wherein each of the trains of the irregular pits wobbles, and the tracking error signal caused by each of the trains of the irregular pits has a burst shape.

36. The optical disc according to claim 35, wherein each of the trains of the irregular pits wobbles, and the tracking error signal caused by each of the trains of the irregular pits has a burst shape.

37. The optical disc according to claim 34, wherein the given data block corresponds to a frame represented by the record signal.

38. An optical disc comprising:

a predetermined number of spiral trains of regular pits; and

at least one unusual area being devoid of regular pits and having a mirror surface, the unusual area being located between two of the trains of the regular pits in a direction along a track;

the regular pits in each of the trains being arranged symmetrically with respect to a center of a track.