Hierarchical communications system using microlink, data rate switching, frequency hopping and vehicular local area networking

• US 5,696,903 A
• Filed: 04/29/1994
• Issued: 12/09/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 05/11/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies General IP PTE Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Norand Corporation (Baker Hughes Company)
• Inventors: Mahany, Ronald L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ramirez, Ellis B.
• Application Number:
  US08/236,413
• Time in Patent Office: 1,320 Days
• Field of Search: 364/514 R, 364/514 C, 370/85.9, 375/202, 379/58, 379/59, 379/60, 455/63, 455/134, 340/131, 340/825.44
• US Class Current: 709/228
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0025 Transmission of mode-switching indication
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0032 Without explicit signalling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/04 specially adapted for terminals or networks with limited capabilities; specially adapted for terminal portability
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/18 Multiprotocol handlers, e.g. single devices capable of handling multiple protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/324 in the data link layer [OSI layer 2], e.g. HDLC
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/14 Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/26 Resource reservation
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/46 in multi hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/00 Wireless channel access
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/06 adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Abstract

A hierarchical communication system is described in which two wireless local area networks exhibiting substantially different characteristics are employed to link inherently portable or mobile computer devices. A series of radio base stations make up a infrastructure network. The infrastructure network and at least one portable computer device make up the first local area network. The communication on the first local area network is accomplished by spread spectrum frequency hopping communication. A second local area network allows for radio communication between a portable computer device and peripheral devices with built-in transceivers utilized by the portable computer device. The communication in each local area network is controlled by a reservation access communication protocol. The communication protocol facilitates frequency hopping synchronization and supports adaptive data rate selection based upon the quality of communication on the communication channel. The communication protocol prevents interference between communication on the first local area network and communication on the second local area network. In a premises LAN, a series of radio base stations and a backbone LAN make up an infrastructure network. The infrastructure network and at least one mobile computing device make up a higher-power LAN, utilizing a frequency hopping protocol. A lower-power LAN allows for radio communication between a mobile computing device and peripheral devices, utilizing a single-frequency spread spectrum protocol. A vehicular LAN provides for short-range communication between a vehicle terminal and a portable terminal. When out of direct RF range of the premises LAN, the vehicle terminal maintains indirect communication when necessary with the premises LAN via one of several alternate RF channels. A microprocessor, located inside radio units which participate in multiple LAN'"'"'s, selects the appropriate protocol, frequency band and power level for communicating through the network.

Claims

1. A hierarchal communication system for linking portable and mobile computer devices, comprising:

a first local area network, said first local area network including an infrastructure network comprising at least two radio base stations wherein said radio base stations are interconnected by at least one of wired and wireless communication, and said first local area network further including at least one of said portable and mobile computer devices;

first communication means for controlling communication between said portable and mobile computer devices and said infrastructure network;

a second local area network, said second local area network including one or more peripheral devices and at least one of said portable and mobile computer devices; and

second communication means for controlling communication between said peripheral devices and at least one of said portable and mobile computer devices.

2. The hierarchal communication system of claim 1 wherein said first communication means includes reservation access communication protocol.

3. The hierarchal communication system of claim 2 wherein said reservation access communication protocol includes means for facilitating frequency hopping synchronization.

4. The hierarchal communication system of claim 2 wherein said reservation access communication protocol includes means for supporting adaptive data rate selection based upon the quality of communication on the communication channel.

5. The hierarchal communication system of claim 1 wherein said second local area network comprises a Microlink Network.

6. The hierarchal communication system of claim 1 wherein said second communication means includes reservation access communication protocol.

7. The hierarchal communication system of claim 1 including means for preventing interference between said first communication means and said second communication means.

8. In a hierarchical communications network, the method of communicating with roaming computing devices comprising:

communicatively connecting a plurality of base stations operating with different communication parameters;

communicating between base stations and roaming computing devices with common communication parameters; and

transmitting information to roaming computer devices that is indicative of communication parameters of neighboring base stations (operating with different communication parameters) so as to facilitate attachment of a roaming computing device associated with a first base station having a first set of communication parameters to a second base station having a second set of communication parameters as the roaming computing device moves from the vicinity of the first base station to the vicinity of the second base station.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the communication parameters of neighboring base stations transmitted from base stations to roaming computing devices include:

addresses of neighboring base stations; and

cost of connection through neighboring base stations.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the communication parameters of neighboring base stations transmitted from base stations to roaming computing devices include frequency hopping sequences of neighboring base stations.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein the communication parameters of neighboring base stations transmitted from base stations to roaming computing devices include spread spectrum spreading codes of neighboring base stations.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the communication parameters of neighboring base stations transmitted from base stations to roaming computing devices include channel frequencies of neighboring base stations.

13. In a hierarchal communications network comprising a plurality of base stations and a plurality of mobile computing devices, a method of communicating between said base stations and said plurality of mobile computing devices within a predetermined time interval, said method comprising:

communicating addresses of each of said plurality of mobile computing devices;

communicating current communications channel parameters;

controlling contention between said mobile computing devices with communication requirements;

allocating time for asynchronous and scheduled communication in the same time interval;

communicating with said mobile computing devices with communication requirements during the time allocated for asynchronous communication; and

communicating with said at least one mobile computing device requiring scheduled communication during the time allocated for scheduled communication.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein spread spectrum frequency hopping is employed and wherein at least one time interval occurs in each frequency dwell.

15. The method of claim 14 including:

initially monitoring the channel before address and parameter communication begins; and

bypassing the rest of the time interval, in response to the initial monitoring, if channel interference above a particular threshold is detected.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the length of the time intervals is optimized based on network parameters.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said network parameters include data link layer packet size.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein said network parameters include the expected portions of asynchronous and scheduled communications.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein said network parameters include the maximum velocities of mobile computing devices in the networks.

20. The method of claim 13 wherein the step of controlling contention utilizes slotted reservation access.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said slotted reservation access includes:

determining the number of access slots to be provided for poll requests; and

determining an access probability factor to be provided for poll requests, wherein a poll request is transmitted or deferred according to said access probability factor.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the steps of determining the number of access slots and determining an access probability factor are responsive to network channel loading conditions.

23. The method of claim 21 wherein the number of access slots and the access probability factor are communicated in a reservation poll message near the beginning of said time interval.

24. The method of claim 13 wherein said mobile computing devices enter a sleep mode to preserve power when not requiring communication, the method of managing said sleep mode comprising the steps:

maintaining the internal clock of said mobile computing devices during sleep;

sleeping for a predetermined number of time intervals; and

waking from sleep to synchronize the Internal clock of said mobile computing devices and to cheek for pending messages.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein the method of managing said sleep mode further includes the step of waking from sleep a short time period prior to the anticipated synchronization signal whereby the mobile computing devices increase the likelihood that synchronization will be achieved.

26. A radio unit for operation in a communication system having a plurality of local area networks comprising:

a transceiver for communicating on a plurality of local area networks;

a memory device which stores a plurality of communication protocols, each communication protocol governing radio operation on one of the plurality of local area networks; and

a control processor which selects from the memory device one of the plurality of communication protocols to enable the transceiver to communicate on a corresponding one of the plurality of local area networks.

27. The radio unit of claim 26 wherein each of the communication protocols comprises means for establishing communication of the transceiver on the corresponding one of the plurality of local area networks.

28. The radio unit of claim 26 further comprising a power source which is controlled by the control processor, and wherein the control processor causes the radio unit to enter a power saving mode when the transceiver is not actively communicating on any of the plurality of local area networks.

29. A radio unit for operation in a communication system having a plurality of local area networks comprising:

a transceiver for communicating on a plurality of local area networks;

a memory device which stores a plurality of communication protocols, each communication protocol governing radio operation on one of the plurality of local area networks;

a control processor which selects from the memory device one of the plurality of communication protocols to enable the transceiver to communicate on a corresponding one of the plurality of local area networks; and

the control processor resolving conflicts among the plurality of communication protocols on a priority basis.

30. The radio unit of claim 29 wherein the control processor causes the radio unit to enter a low power consumption mode when the transceiver is not actively communicating on any of the plurality of local area networks.

31. A radio unit for operation in a communication system having a plurality of local area networks comprising:

a transceiver for communicating on a plurality of local area networks;

a memory device which stores a plurality of communication protocols, each communication protocol governing radio operation on one of the plurality of local area networks;

a control processor which selects from the memory device one of the plurality of communication protocols to enable the transceiver to communicate on a corresponding one of the plurality of local area networks; and

the control processor causing the radio unit to enter a low power consumption mode when the radio unit is not actively communicating on any of the plurality of local area networks.

32. A communication system comprising:

a first RF local area network operating using a first communication protocol;

a second RF local area network operating using a second communication protocol;

a radio unit having a control processor, a memory device, and a transceiver, the memory device storing the first and second communication protocols and the transceiver configured for communication on both the first and second RF local area networks;

a radio unit communicating on the first RF local area network pursuant to the first communication protocol while communicating on the second RF local area network pursuant to the second communication protocol; and

the control processor resolving conflicts between the first and second communication protocols.

33. The communication system of claim 32 wherein the radio unit participates as a slave on the first local area network and as a master on the second local area as a master.

34. The communication system of claim 33 wherein the first RF local area network comprises a premises local area network.

35. The communication system of claim 33 wherein the second RF local area network comprises a spontaneous local area network.

36. The communication system of claim 35 wherein the spontaneous local area network comprises a peripheral local area network.

37. The communication system of claim 35 wherein the spontaneous local area network comprises a vehicular local area network.

38. A communication system comprising:

a premises local area network;

a spontaneous local area network;

a radio unit having a control processor and a transceiver for communicating on both the premises local area network and the spontaneous local area network; and

the radio unit participating as a slave to the premises local area network while participating as a master to the spontaneous local area network pursuant to control by the control processor.

39. The communication system of claim 38 wherein the spontaneous local area network comprises a peripheral local area network.

40. The communication system of claim 39 wherein the peripheral local area network uses narrow band, single frequency operation.

41. The communication system of claim 38 wherein the spontaneous local area network comprises a vehicular local area network.

42. The communication system of claim 41 wherein the vehicular local area network uses frequency hopping operation.

43. The communication system of claim 38 wherein the premises local area network uses frequency hopping operation.

44. A communication system comprising:

a first RF local area network operating using a first communication protocol;

a second RF local area network operating using a second communication protocol;

a radio unit having a control processor and a transceiver for communicating on both the first and second RF local area networks;

the radio unit communicating on the first RF local area network pursuant to the first communication protocol while communicating on the second RF local area network pursuant to the second communication protocol; and

the control processor resolving conflicts between the first and second communication protocols and causing the radio unit to enter a state of low power consumption when the radio unit is not actively communicating on either the first or the second RF local area networks.

45. The communication system of claim 44 wherein the radio unit participates as a slave on the first local area network and as a master on the second local area network.

46. A communication system comprising:

a first RF local area network comprising a first plurality of network devices;

a second RF local area network comprising a second plurality of network devices;

a radio unit having a control processor and configured to communicate with both the first and second pluralities of network devices;

when within range of one of the second plurality of network devices, the radio unit participates as a master in the second RF local arena network pursuant to control by the control processor; and

when within range of one of the first plurality of network devices, the radio unit participates as a slave in the first RF local area network pursuant to control by the control processor.

47. In a communications network comprising a plurality of nodes including at least one controlling node and at least one terminal node, a frequency hopping spread spectrum communications protocol comprising:

including at least one time interval for communications access in each frequency dwell;

resolving channel contention before actual data transmission, thereby minimizing collisions during data transmission and reducing inefficiencies due to packet loss and retransmission time;

wherein the step of resolving channel contention includes slotted reservation access;

wherein said slotted reservation access includes determining the number of access slots to be provided for poll requests; and

wherein said slotted reservation access includes determining an access probability factor to be provided for poll requests, wherein a poll request is transmitted or deferred according to said access probability factor.

48. The protocol of claim 47 wherein the steps of determining the number of access slots and determining an access probability factor are responsive to network channel loading conditions.

49. The protocol of claim 47 wherein the number of access slots and the access probability factor are communicated in a reservation poll message near the beginning of said time interval.

50. In a communications network comprising a plurality of nodes including at least one controlling node and at least one terminal node, a frequency hopping spread spectrum communications protocol comprising:

including at least one time interval for communications access in each frequency dwell;

resolving channel contention before actual data transmission, thereby minimizing collisions during data transmission and reducing inefficiencies due to packet loss and retransmission time;

wherein the step of resolving channel contention includes slotted reservation access; and

wherein the step of resolving channel contention includes capture means for granting channel access to one node over another node in a collision condition based on significantly greater signal strength.

51. In a communications network comprising a plurality of nodes including at least one controlling node and at least one terminal node, a frequency hopping spread spectrum communications protocol comprising:

including at least one time interval for communications access in each frequency dwell;

resolving channel contention before actual data transmission, thereby minimizing collisions during data transmission and reducing inefficiencies due to packet loss and retransmission time;

wherein the step of resolving channel contention includes slotted reservation access; and

wherein the addresses of devices desiring communication are placed in a polling queue and polled sequentially.

52. The protocol of claim 51 wherein the addresses are placed in the polling queue according to a fixed order with addresses of active nodes with outbound messages first, addresses with inbound messages from previous time intervals second, and addresses with inbound messages from the current time interval third.

53. The protocol of claim 51 wherein data is transferred in fragments and wherein a data message consists of one or more fragments.

54. The protocol of claim 53:

wherein a clear message is sent when the polling queue is empty; and

wherein nodes may attempt to gain access to the communications channel after the channel is determined clear by receipt of the clear message according to single slot reservation access procedures before the end of the time interval.

55. The protocol of claim 53 wherein nodes may attempt to gain access to the communications channel after the channel is determined clear by detecting a quiet interval not less than the duration of a poll message plus a maximum fragment length after a channel reservation period has expired, according to single slot reservation access procedures before the end of the time interval.

56. In a communications network comprising a plurality of nodes including at least one controlling node and at least one terminal node, a frequency hopping spread spectrum communications protocol comprising:

including at least one time interval for communications access in each frequency dwell;

supporting synchronous communication in each of said frequency dwell time intervals;

supporting scheduled, time-bounded communication in each of said frequency dwell time intervals;

wherein the number of access slots allocated for synchronous communication and for scheduled, time-bounded communication is determined and transmitted in a reservation poll message early in said time intervals; and

wherein the number of access slots allocated for scheduled, time-bounded communication is based on the length of said time intervals.