Hybrid propulsion system for a motor vehicle and a method of operating the hybrid propulsion system

• US 5,698,905 A
• Filed: 10/04/1995
• Issued: 12/16/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 10/05/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fichtel & Sachs AG (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Original Assignee: Fichtel & Sachs AG (Zeppelin - Stiftung der Stadt Friedrichshafen)
• Inventors: Ruthlein, Alfred, Karg, Erich
• Primary Examiner(s): Dougherty, Thomas M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cuneo, Christopher
• Application Number:
  US08/539,223
• Time in Patent Office: 804 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.4, 180/65.3, 180/65.2, 290/45, 290/17, 290/14, 290/16, 290/50, 290/30 R, 290/30 A, 290/30 B, 290/31, 290/32, 290/33, 290/35
• US Class Current: 290/32
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 2006/268 Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 28/165 acting on elements of the vehicle drive train other than the propulsion unit and brakes, e.g. transmission, clutch, differential acting on brakes B60T8/17
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/26 characterised by the motors or the generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0092 with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/18 Controlling the braking effect B60L7/12, B60L7/14, B60L7/16 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/50 Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 11/04 the motors being associated with current generators
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 11/0866 comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 2011/0888 DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

A hybrid propulsion system for a motor vehicle, in which electric motors corresponding to the wheels of the motor vehicle are supplied by a generator, which generator is driven by an internal combustion engine, in particular via a direct current intermediate circuit. To be able to start the internal combustion engine, in the event of the failure of the battery provided for starting the internal combustion engine, by pushing or towing the vehicle or rolling it downhill, the electric motors can be switched over to operate as generators, and the generator can be switched over to operate as a motor, during an emergency starting phase, once the speed of travel of the vehicle exceeds a specified speed threshold. The emergency starting attempt can be initiated by the driver by means of a control mechanism, e.g. a manually actuated control switch or the accelerator pedal. If necessary, the speed threshold can be measured by means of a speed sensor. A voltage monitoring device can essentially guarantee that before the emergency starting attempt takes place, there is sufficient operating voltage available for the control systems which correspond to the electric motors and the generator.

Claims

1. A method of operating and starting a hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions, said method comprising the steps of:

moving the hybrid road vehicle and moving at least one wheel of the hybrid road vehicle;

switching an electrical generator from operation as a generator to operation as a motor, the electrical generator being in driving connection with an internal combustion engine;

switching at least one electric motor disposed at the at least one wheel from operation as a motor to operation as a generator;

connecting the at least one motor to the electrical generator with connecting circuitry;

driving the at least one electric motor as a generator during movement of the at least one wheel of the hybrid road vehicle;

accumulating electric energy from the at least one electric motor;

supplying electric energy, generated by the at least one electric motor, to the electrical generator; and

starting the internal combustion engine with the electrical generator.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising one of the following sets of steps a) and b):

a) sensing the speed of the hybrid road vehicle during movement of the hybrid road vehicle, and providing a signal indicating the speed of the hybrid road vehicle;

permitting an emergency start-up process to begin substantially only when the signal is greater than a predetermined speed threshold; and

b) manually actuating control means and permitting an emergency start-up procedure to begin substantially only upon actuation of the control means.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of:

sensing the operational status of the internal combustion engine, at least during an emergency start-up process;

switching the electrical generator from operation as a motor back to operation as a generator upon the starting of the internal combustion engine; and

switching the at least one electric motor from operation as a generator back to operation as a motor upon the starting of the internal combustion engine.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising the use of a timer to establish a maximum duration of an emergency starting process.

5. The method according to claim 3, further comprising the use of a timer to establish a minimum interval of time between successive emergency start-up processes.

6. A hybrid road vehicle comprising:

a chassis;

a plurality of wheels being rotationally mounted on said chassis;

a plurality of road vehicle tires being disposed on corresponding ones of said plurality of wheels;

a hybrid propulsion system, said hybrid propulsion system comprising;

an internal combustion engine;

an electrical generator in driving connection with said internal combustion engine;

at least one electric motor for propelling at least one of said plurality of wheels;

connecting circuitry connecting said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator;

means for electronically controlling at least said generator and said at least one electric motor during operation of said hybrid road vehicle;

said means for electronically controlling comprising means for starting said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions;

said means for starting said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions comprising;

first means for switching said electrical generator from operation as a generator to operation as a motor;

second means for switching said at least one electric motor from operation as a motor to operation as a generator;

circuit means for supplying electric energy generated by said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator, to start said internal combustion engine; and

said at least one electric motor being disposed to be driven by movement of said at least one of said plurality of wheels during movement of said hybrid road vehicle, thus driving said at least one electric motor as a generator, and being connected to said circuit means to supply electrical energy to said electrical generator when said electrical generator is being operated as a motor.

7. The hybrid road vehicle according to claim 6 wherein said means for electronically controlling further comprises at least one of a) and b):

a) means for sensing the speed of said hybrid road vehicle during movement of said hybrid road vehicle, said sensing means having means for providing a signal indicating the speed of said hybrid road vehicle;

means for receiving said signal from said sensing means and for permitting an emergency start-up process to begin substantially only when said signal received from said sensing means is greater than a predetermined speed threshold; and

b) control means for being actuated by an operator of said hybrid road vehicle;

means for permitting an emergency start-up procedure to begin substantially only upon actuation of said control means by the operator of said hybrid road vehicle.

8. The hybrid road vehicle according to claim 7 wherein said means for electronically controlling further comprises:

means for sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine, at least during an emergency start-up process;

said means for sensing the operational status having means for providing a signal indicating the operating status of said internal combustion engine;

third means for switching said electrical generator from operation as a motor back to operation as a generator based on said signal from said means for sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine; and

fourth means for switching said at least one electric motor from operation as a generator back to operation as a motor based on said signal from said means for sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine.

9. The hybrid road vehicle according to claim 8 wherein said means for electronically controlling further comprises timing means, said timing means comprising one of c) and d):

c) means for establishing a maximum duration of an emergency starting process; and

d) means for establishing a minimum interval of time between successive emergency start-up processes.

10. The hybrid road vehicle according to claim 9 wherein said control means comprises one of:

a manually actuable control switch; and

a sensor for detecting displacement of an accelerator pedal of said hybrid road vehicle.

11. The hybrid road vehicle according to claim 10 wherein said hybrid propulsion system further comprises:

means for supplying an operating voltage to said means for electronically controlling, said means for supplying an operating voltage having means for receiving voltage from said at least one electric motor being operated as a generator; and

said means for supplying an operating voltage comprises means for monitoring voltage received from said at least one electric motor being operated as a generator, said monitoring means having means for supplying operating voltage to said means for electronically controlling substantially only when the voltage from said at least one electric motor exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold.

12. The hybrid road vehicle according to claim 11 wherein:

said connecting circuitry comprises a direct current intermediate circuit; and

said hybrid propulsion system further comprises a direct current converter, said means for supplying an operating voltage being connected to said direct current intermediate circuit by means of said direct current converter.

13. The hybrid road vehicle according to claim 12 wherein:

said hybrid road vehicle comprises at least one battery; and

said means for supplying an operating voltage comprises means for charging said at least one battery.

14. A method of operating and starting a hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions, the hybrid road vehicle comprising:

a chassis;

a plurality of wheels being rotationally mounted on said chassis;

a plurality of road vehicle tires being disposed on corresponding ones of said plurality of wheels;

a hybrid propulsion system, said hybrid propulsion system comprising;

an internal combustion engine;

an electrical generator in driving connection with said internal combustion engine;

at least one electric motor for propelling at least one of said plurality of wheels;

connecting circuitry connecting said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator;

means for electronically controlling at least said generator and said at least one electric motor during operation of said hybrid road vehicle;

said means for electronically controlling comprising means for starting said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions;

said means for starting said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions comprising;

first means for switching said electrical generator from operation as a generator to operation as a motor;

second means for switching said at least one electric motor from operation as a motor to operation as a generator;

circuit means for supplying electric energy generated by said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator to start said internal combustion engine;

said at least one electric motor being disposed to be driven by movement of said at least one of said plurality of wheels during movement of said hybrid road vehicle, thus driving said at least one electric motor as a generator, and being connected to said circuit means to supply electrical energy to said electrical generator when said electrical generator is being operated as a motor, said method comprising the steps of;

providing a chassis;

providing a plurality of wheels being rotationally mounted on said chassis;

providing a plurality of road vehicle tires being disposed on corresponding ones of said plurality of wheels;

providing a hybrid propulsion system, said step of providing said hybrid propulsion system comprising;

providing an internal combustion engine;

providing an electrical generator in driving connection with said internal combustion engine;

providing at least one electric motor for propelling at least one of said plurality of wheels;

providing connecting circuitry, the connecting circuitry connecting said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator;

providing means for electronically controlling at least said generator and said at least one electric motor during operation of said hybrid road vehicle;

said step of providing said means for electronically controlling further comprising the step of providing means for starting said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions;

said step of providing means for starting said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions comprising;

providing first means for switching said electrical generator from operation as a generator to operation as a motor;

providing second means for switching said at least one electric motor from operation as a motor to operation as a generator;

providing circuit means for supplying electric energy generated by said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator to start said internal combustion engine;

said method further comprising the additional steps of;

switching said electrical generator from operation as a generator to operation as a motor, with said first means for switching;

switching said at least one motor from operation as a motor to operation as a generator, with said second means for switching;

moving said hybrid road vehicle to move said at least one of said plurality of wheels to drive said at least one electric motor as a generator;

generating electric energy with said at least one electric motor;

supplying electric energy generated by said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator with said circuit means; and

starting said internal combustion engine with said electrical generator.

15. The method according to claim 14 wherein said step of providing said means for electronically controlling further comprises one of the following sets of steps a) and b):

a) providing means for sensing the speed of said hybrid road vehicle during movement of said hybrid road vehicle, said sensing means having means for providing a signal indicating the speed of said hybrid road vehicle;

providing means for receiving said signal from said sensing means and for permitting an emergency start-up process to begin substantially only when said signal received from said sensing means is greater than a predetermined speed threshold;

sensing the speed of said hybrid road vehicle during movement of said hybrid road vehicle, and providing a signal indicating the speed of said hybrid road vehicle, with said sensing means;

receiving said signal from said sensing means and permitting an emergency start-up process to begin, with said receiving means, when said signal received from said sensing means is greater than a predetermined speed threshold; and

b) providing control means for being actuated by an operator of said hybrid road vehicle;

providing means for permitting an emergency start-up process to begin substantially only upon actuation of said control means by the operator of said hybrid road vehicle;

actuating said control means;

permitting, with said means for permitting, an emergency start-up process to begin upon actuation of said control means.

16. The method according to claim 15 wherein said step of providing said means for electronically controlling further comprises:

providing means for sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine, at least during an emergency start-up process, the means for sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine having means for providing a signal indicating the operational status of the internal combustion engine;

providing third means for switching said electrical generator from operation as a motor back to operation as a generator based on said signal from said means for sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine;

providing fourth means for switching said at least one electric motor from operation as a generator back to operation as a motor based on said signal from said means for sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine;

sensing the operational status of said internal combustion engine during an emergency start-up process;

starting said internal combustion engine;

thereafter;

switching said electrical generator from operation as a motor back to operation as a generator, with said third switching means; and

switching said at least one motor from operation as a generator back to operation as a motor, with said fourth switching means.

17. The method according to claim 16 wherein said step of providing said means for electronically controlling further comprises providing timing means, the timing means comprising one of c) and d):

c) means for establishing a maximum duration of an emergency start-up process; and

d) means for establishing a minimum interval of time between successive emergency start-up processes;

said method further comprising one of the following steps e) and f);

e) establishing a maximum duration of an emergency start-up process; and

f) establishing a minimum interval of time between successive emergency start-up processes.

18. The method according to claim 17 wherein:

said step of providing said control means further comprises providing one of;

a manually actuable control switch; and

a sensor for detecting displacement of an accelerator pedal of said hybrid road vehicle;

said method further comprising one of;

manually actuating said control switch; and

detecting, with said sensor, displacement of the accelerator pedal of said hybrid road vehicle.

19. The method according to claim 18 wherein:

said step of providing said hybrid propulsion system further comprises;

providing means for supplying an operating voltage to said means for electronically controlling, said means for supplying an operating voltage having means for receiving voltage from said at least one electric motor being operated as a generator;

said step of providing said means for supplying an operating voltage further comprises providing means for monitoring voltage received from said at least one electric motor being operated as a generator, said monitoring means having means for supplying operating voltage to said means for electronically controlling substantially only when the voltage from said at least one electric motor exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold;

said method further comprises;

supplying an operating voltage to said means for electronically controlling, with said means for supplying an operating voltage;

receiving voltage from said at least one electric motor being operated as a generator, with said receiving means;

monitoring voltage received from said at least one electric motor being operated as a generator, with said monitoring means; and

supplying operating voltage to said means for electronically controlling substantially only when the voltage from said at least one electric motor exceeds the predetermined voltage threshold, with said means for supplying operating voltage of said monitoring means.

20. The method according to claim 19 wherein:

said step of providing said connecting circuitry further comprises a direct current intermediate circuit;

said step of providing said hybrid propulsion system further comprises providing a direct current converter, said means for supplying an operating voltage being connected to said direct current intermediate circuit by means of said direct current converter;

said method further comprises providing said hybrid road vehicle with at least one battery;

said step of providing said means for supplying an operating voltage further comprises providing means for charging said at least one battery; and

charging said at least one battery with said charging means.

21. A hybrid road vehicle comprising:

a chassis;

a plurality of wheels being rotationally mounted on said chassis;

a plurality of road vehicle tires being disposed on corresponding ones of said plurality of wheels;

a hybrid propulsion system, said hybrid propulsion system comprising;

an internal combustion engine;

an electrical generator in driving connection with said internal combustion engine;

at least one electric motor for propelling at least one of said plurality of wheels;

connecting circuitry connecting said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator;

circuitry configured to control at least said generator and said at least one electric motor during operation of said hybrid road vehicle;

said circuitry configured to control at least said generator and said at least one electric motor comprising circuitry configured to start said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions;

said circuitry configured to start said hybrid road vehicle under emergency conditions comprising;

a first switching device to switch said electrical generator from operation as a generator to operation as a motor;

a second switching device to switch said at least one electric motor from operation as a motor to operation as a generator;

a circuit configured to supply electric energy generated by said at least one electric motor to said electrical generator, to start said internal combustion engine; and

said at least one electric motor being disposed to be driven by movement of said at least one of said plurality of wheels during movement of said hybrid road vehicle, thus driving said at least one electric motor as a generator, and being connected to said circuit to supply electrical energy to said electrical generator when said electrical generator is being operated as a motor.