Method to deter document and intellectual property piracy through individualization

• US 5,699,427 A
• Filed: 06/23/1995
• Issued: 12/16/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 06/23/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Chow, Chee-Seng, Yung, Marcell Mordechay, Kutten, Shay
• Primary Examiner(s): Cain, David C.
• Application Number:
  US08/494,615
• Time in Patent Office: 907 Days
• Field of Search: 380/51, 380/4, 380/23, 380/55, 380/3, 395/145
• US Class Current: 705/58
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00123 the record carrier being identified by recognising some of its unique characteristics, e.g. a unique defect pattern serving as a physical signature of the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 23/283 Security features, e.g. digital codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32144 embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3205 of identification information, e.g. name or ID code H04N2201/3209 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3274 Storage or retrieval of prestored additional information
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3278 Transmission

Abstract

A system for identifying the authorized receiver of any particular copy of a document. More specifically, each particular copy of a document is fingerprinted by applying a set of variations to a document, where each variation is a change in data contents, but does not change the meaning or perusal experience of the document. A database associating a set of variants to a receiver is maintained. Thus any variant or copy of that variant can be traced to an authorized receiver.

Claims

1. A copy protection system for detecting unauthorized copying or distribution of a document, said system comprising:

a. means for generating a plurality of variants of said document, each variant of said document being generated by applying a particular set of variations to said document, where each variation is a change in the contents of said document but is not a modification in the meaning or perusal experience of said document;

b. a means for maintaining a database associating each of said variants of said document with a receiver; and

c. a means for identifying a receiver of any one variant of said document using said database, wherein unauthorized copying or distribution of said document can be traced to said receiver according to which variant of said document was copied or distributed without authorization.

2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein if said document is a textual document, then each said variation in content is a change to at least one symbol, and wherein if said document is an image or a video stream, then each said content variation is a change in visual qualities of at least one object, and wherein if said document is an audio stream, then each said content variation is a change in at least one total quality of at least one audio element in an audio stream.

3. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is the use of a pronoun in place of its antecedent in said document.

4. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is a synonym for a word used in said document.

5. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is an equivalent alternative spelling for a word in said document.

6. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is an alternative punctuation choice for punctuation in said document.

7. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is the reordering of some parts of said document.

8. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is the location of a figure in a page in said document.

9. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is the use of different symbols to label figures, footnotes, sections, references, citations, equations, and other parts in said document.

10. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein one of said variations is the use different equivalent representations of mathematical objects in said document.

11. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a computer-generated picture or video stream, one of said variations is the use of different colors for certain objects in said picture or video stream.

12. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a computer-generated picture or video stream, one of said variations is the absence or presence of certain inconspicuous objects in said picture or video stream.

13. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a computer-generated picture or video stream, one of said variations is the location of certain objects in said picture or video stream.

14. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a computer-generated picture or video stream, one of said variations is the size of certain objects in said picture or video stream.

15. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a computer-generated picture or video stream, one of said variations is the size of certain objects in said picture or video stream.

16. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a digital audio or musical track, one of said variations is the absence of presence of certain notes or segments in said track.

17. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a digital audio or musical track, one of said variations is the variation in loudness of certain instruments or sound sources in said track.

18. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein said document contains a digital audio or musical track, one of said variations is the variation in speed of certain segments in said track.

19. A copy protection system arising in claim 1, further comprising:

a. means for providing cryptographic authentication for detection of modifications to an original document (variant).

20. A copy protection system for detecting unauthorized copying or distribution of a document, said system comprising:

a. means for associating a receiver of said document with information associated with said receiver; and

b. hashing said information to a sequence of tagging vits; and

c. preparing variants of said document in accordance with said sequence, wherein unauthorized copying or distribution of said document can be traced to said receiver according to which of said variants of said document was copied or distributed without authorization, wherein each of said variants is a variation of said document, where each variation is a change in the content of said document.

21. An apparatus arising in claim 20, wherein said sequence of tagging vits is augmented with some chosen vits which bind said sequence of tagging vits via a cryptographic operation for detecting alteration of said document.

22. A copy protection system comprising:

a. means for associating a document receiver using information associated with said receiver;

b. hashing said information to a sequence of tagging vits;

c. preparing variants of said document in accordance with said sequence, wherein unauthorized copying or distribution of said document can be traced to said receiver according to which of said variants of said document was copied or distributed without authorization, wherein each of said variants is a variation of said document, where each variation is a change in the content of said document; and

d. means for providing cryptographic authentication of variants to said sequence of tagging vits via cryptographic authentication of said sequence of chosen vits to detect modifications of said variants of said document.