System for detecting the location of a reflective object within a video field

• US 5,699,442 A
• Filed: 09/12/1995
• Issued: 12/16/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: WSI Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Andrew Welch
• Inventors: Fellinger, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Boudreau, Leo
• Assistant Examiner(s): SHALWALA, BIPIN H
• Application Number:
  US08/527,095
• Time in Patent Office: 826 Days
• Field of Search: 382/103, 382/162, 382/203, 382/204, 382/206, 382/273, 382/291, 348/94, 348/138, 348/25, 348/29, 348/30, 348/135, 348/143, 348/590, 348/591, 348/592, 348/169-172
• US Class Current: 382/103
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/70 Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras camera calibration G06T7/80
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/222 Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors, or control thereof H04N23/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/2222 Prompting
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/272 Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 9/74 for obtaining special effects H04N9/65 - H04N9/73 take precedence

Abstract

A system for detecting the precise location of a reflective element in a video field wherein the determined location is subsequently utilized to generate a graphic to be added to a foreground video scene utilizing compositing techniques. A signal is generated specifying a precise point in the foreground video scene identifying a position of a reflective element. The signal is derived from a peak detector which generates a pulse whenever the signal input to the pulse detector is at a maximum level for the current video field being scanned so long as the scan is not in the blanking area. The pulse is used by a vertical line counter and a horizontal pixel counter which specify the line and pixel on a horizontal scan line within a video field representing the position of the highest peak generated within that field. Graphics can be repositioned or lines or other graphic elements can be generated which track the movement of the reflective element.

Claims

1. A system for determining and tracking the location of a moving reflective object in real time having a predetermined color within a field of video information having red, blue, and green components comprising:

a) means adapted for receiving and clamping the video information from a single video camera, for comparing the component of said video signal corresponding to the color of said reflective object to the other components of said video information, and for generating a signal representing the results of said comparison;

b) peak detector means coupled to said comparing means for generating a pulse each time said signal representing the results of said comparison is greater than a prior comparison within a predetermined window of time;

c) first counter means coupled to said peak detector means for counting the number of pixels within each horizontal scan line within said field of video; and

d) second counter means coupled to the peak detector means for counting the number of scan lines within said field of video, the first and second counter means adapted to stop counting each time said pulse is generated;

wherein the number in the first counter means represents the reflective object'"'"'s horizontal location within the field;

wherein the number in the second counter means represents the reflective object'"'"'s vertical location within the field.

2. The system in claim 1 further comprising:

a graphics interface, coupled to the first and second counter means and a graphics processor for controlling the transmission of information to the graphics computer from the first and second counter means.

3. The system in claim 2 wherein the graphics processor is adapted to receive a background source and the output of the first and second counter means and to superimpose at least one graphic image onto a background video from the background source at a location determined by the numbers stored in the first and second counter means.

4. The system in claim 3 wherein the video camera is coupled to the receiving/comparing/generating means and a compositing system, for providing a foreground video including the video information of the reflective object.

5. The system in claim 4 wherein the compositing system, coupled to the graphic processor, generates a composite image of the background video, at least one graphic image, and the foreground video from the video camera.

6. A system for determining and tracking the location of a moving reflective object in real time having a predetermined color within a field of video information having red, blue, and green components comprising:

a) receiving means for receiving and clamping the video information from a single video camera;

b) first switching means coupled to said receiving means for passing said video information corresponding to the color of said reflective object;

c) second switching means coupled to said receiving means for passing remaining components of said video information other than component of said video information corresponding to the color of said reflective object;

d) comparing means coupled to said second switch means for comparing said remaining components of said video information and generating a signal representing the results of said comparison;

e) multiplying means coupled to said comparator means for multiplying said signal with k wherein k is a predetermined constant and generating a second signal representing the results of said multiplication;

f) subtracting means coupled to said multiplier means for receiving said second signal and coupled to said first switch means for receiving said video information corresponding to the color of said reflective object and generating a third signal representing the results of said subtraction;

g) peak detector means coupled to said subtractor means for generating a pulse each time said signal representing the results of said comparison is greater than a prior comparison within a predetermined window of time;

h) first counter means coupled to said peak detector means for counting the number of pixels within each horizontal scan line within said field of video; and

i) second counter means coupled to the peak detector means for counting the number of scan lines within said field of video, the first and second counter means adapted to stop counting each time said pulse is generated;

wherein the number in the first counter means represents the reflective object'"'"'s horizontal location within the field and the number in the second counter means represents the reflective object'"'"'s vertical location within the field.

7. The system defined in claim 6 wherein the receiving means comprises at least one transistor buffer coupled to at least one operational amplifier.

8. The system defined in claim 6 wherein the first switching means is a RGB select switch.

9. The system defined in claim 6 wherein the second switching means is a RGB select switch.

10. The system defined in claim 6 wherein the comparing means is a comparator.

11. The system defined in claim 6 wherein the multiplying means comprises at least one potentiometer coupled to a RGB select switch, the RGB select switch coupled to a multiplier.

12. The system defined in claim 6 wherein the subtracting means is a subtractor.

13. The system defined in claim 6 wherein the peak detector means comprises a RC circuit for eliminating false peaks that is generated when the reflective object is moved rapidly over a distance.

14. The system defined in claim 13 wherein the RC circuit has a RC time constant equal to 500ms.