Device for preparing a treatment liquid by filtration

• US 5,702,597 A
• Filed: 06/05/1995
• Issued: 12/30/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 07/26/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Industries Gambro
• Original Assignee: Hospal Industrie
• Inventors: Chevallet, Jacques, Riquier, Jean-Claude
• Primary Examiner(s): Fortuna, Ana
• Application Number:
  US08/462,435
• Time in Patent Office: 939 Days
• Field of Search: 210/645, 210/646, 210/644, 210/651, 210/641, 210/321.69, 210/195.2, 210/90, 210/321.71, 210/321.75, 210/254, 210/93, 210/257.2, 604/4
• US Class Current: 210/195.2
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1656 Apparatus for preparing dialysates
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1672 using membrane filters, e.g. for sterilising the dialysate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3465 using dialysate as substitution fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/707 Testing of filters for clogging
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/7554 with means for unclogging or regenerating filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/7563 with means preventing clogging of filters

Abstract

A device for treatment of blood by extracorporeal circulation comprises a dialysis liquid circuit having a supply tube (9a, 9b) on which is arranged a filter (21) having a first chamber and a second chamber (22, 23) which are separated by a filtering membrane (24), the supply tube having a first portion (9a) connecting a dialysis liquid source (10) to an inlet of the first chamber (22), and a second portion (9b) having an end connected to an outlet of the second chamber (23) of the filter (21) and another end which can be connected to an inlet of a compartment (3) of a dialyzer (1) with semipermeable membrane (4). A feedback tube (25) connects the inlet of the first chamber (22) of the filter (21) to the outlet of the first chamber (22). A flushing pump (26) is arranged on the feedback tube (25) for circulating liquid in the first chamber (22) of the filter (21) and causing cleaning of the membrane (24) by tangential flushing.

Claims

1. A device for use in connection with an extracorporeal blood treatment system having a dialysis liquid circuit, the device comprising:

a supply tube on which is positioned a filter having a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber and second chamber being separated by a filtering membrane, the supply tube having a first portion flow-connecting a dialysis liquid source to an inlet of the first chamber, and a second portion having an end flow-connected to an outlet of the second chamber of the filter and another end configured for flow-connection to a treatment liquid inlet of a dialyzer;

a discharge tube having an end configured for flow-connection to a treatment liquid outlet of the dialyzer;

a purge tube flow-connected to an outlet of the first chamber of the filter, with a flow-control element positioned on said purge tube;

a feedback tube flow-connecting the outlet of the first chamber of the filter to the first portion of the supply tube at a connection point;

a flushing pump positioned on the first portion of the supply tube between the connection point and the inlet of the first chamber of the filter, the flushing pump being positioned to cooperate with the feedback tube to recirculate liquid through the first chamber and thereby cause cleaning of the membrane by tangential flushing; and

restriction means arranged on the feedback tube for cooperating with the flushing pump to adjust a liquid pressure in the filter.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

means for measuring the liquid pressure in the second chamber of the filter; and

means for controlling operation of the flushing pump in relation to pressure measured in the second chamber of the filter, wherein said means for controlling maintains a substantially constant pressure in the second chamber of the filter.

3. The device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

means for detecting a clogging of the membrane of the filter; and

control means for controlling operation of the flow-control element in relation to an output of said means for detecting a clogging of the membrane, and wherein said control means operates the flow-control element upon detection of a predetermined clogging threshold of the membrane to cause purging of the first chamber of the filter.

4. The device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the means for detecting clogging of the membrane of the filter comprises:

means for measuring a transmembrane pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber of the filter; and

means for comparing the transmembrane pressure measured with a reference transmembrane pressure, and further wherein the control means operates the flow-control element to cause purging of the first chamber of the filter when the measured transmembrane pressure equals or exceeds the reference transmembrane pressure.

5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the reference transmembrane pressure is a transmembrane pressure measured each time the filter is set in operation.

6. The device as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:

means for storing in memory an initial transmembrane pressure when the filter is set in operation for a first time and means for comparing the initial transmembrane pressure with the measured transmembrane pressure.

7. The device as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:

means for emitting an alarm when the measured transmembrane pressure deviates by a predetermined quantity from the initial transmembrane pressure.

8. The device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the means for detecting clogging of the membrane of the filter comprises:

means for measuring a speed of rotation of the flushing pump; and

means for comparing the measured speed of rotation with a reference speed of rotation, and further wherein the control means operates the flow-control element to cause purging of the first chamber of the filter when the measured speed of rotation equals or exceeds the reference speed of rotation.

9. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the reference speed of rotation is a speed measured each time the filter is set in operation.

10. The device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:

means for measuring a frequency of purges of the first chamber of the filter.

11. The device as claimed in claim 10, further comprising:

means for comparing a measured purge frequency with a reference frequency, and further wherein the control means is configured to increase the flow rate of the flushing pump when the measured purge frequency equals or exceeds the reference frequency.

12. The device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

means for monitoring dialysis liquid, said monitoring means being positioned on the second portion of the supply tube.

13. The device as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:

a second filter having a first chamber and a second chamber which are separated by a filtering membrane;

a substitution liquid tube having;

a first portion for flow-connecting an inlet of the first chamber of the second filter to the second portion of the supply tube between the means for monitoring dialysis liquid and a pump for circulating dialysis liquid arranged on the supply tube; and

a second portion, on which is positioned a substitution-liquid pump, for flow-connecting an outlet of the second chamber of the second filter to an extracorporeal blood circulation circuit,

wherein the means for controlling the flushing pump is configured to adjust a pressure in the first filter so that a pressure in the second chamber of the second filter is equal to or greater than zero, independent of the flow rate of the substitution-liquid pump.

14. A device for use in connection with an extracorporeal blood treatment system having a dialysis liquid circuit, the device comprising:

a supply tube on which is positioned a filter having a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber and second chamber being separated by a filtering membrane, the supply tube having a first portion flow-connecting a dialysis liquid source to an inlet of the first chamber, and a second portion having an end flow-connected to an outlet of the second chamber of the filter and another end configured for flow-connection to a treatment liquid inlet of a dialyzer;

a discharge tube having an end configured for flow-connection to a treatment liquid outlet of the dialyzer; and

a purge tube flow-connected to an outlet of the first chamber of the filter, with a flow-control element positioned on said purge tube;

a feedback tube flow-connecting the inlet of the first chamber of the filter to the outlet of the first chamber;

a flushing pump positioned on the feedback tube for circulating liquid through the first chamber of the filter to cause cleaning of the membrane by tangential flushing;

means for detecting a clogging of the membrane of the filter;

control means for controlling operation of the flow-control element in relation to an output of said means for detecting a clogging of the membrane, and wherein said control means operates the flow-control element upon detection of a predetermined clogging threshold of the membrane to cause purging of the first chamber of the filter;

means for measuring purge frequency of the first chamber of the filter; and

means for comparing a measured purge frequency with a reference frequency, wherein the control means is configured to increase the flow rate of the flushing pump when the measured purge frequency equals or exceeds the reference frequency.

15. A device for use in connection with an extracorporeal blood treatment system having a dialysis liquid circuit, the device comprising:

a supply tube on which is positioned a filter having a first chamber and a second chamber, the first chamber and second chamber being separated by a filtering membrane, the supply tube including a portion upstream of the filter flow-connecting a dialysis liquid source to an inlet of the first chamber, and a portion downstream of the filter having a first end and a second end, the first end of the downstream portion being configured for flow-connection to an outlet of the second chamber of the filter, and the second end of the downstream portion being configured for flow-connection to a treatment liquid inlet of a dialyzer;

a discharge tube having an end configured for flow-connection to a treatment liquid outlet of the dialyzer;

a purge tube flow-connected to an outlet of the first chamber of the filter with a flow-control element positioned on said purge tube;

a feedback tube flow-connecting the inlet of the first chamber of the filter to the outlet of the first chamber;

a flushing pump positioned on the feedback tube for causing liquid to recirculate through the first chamber, to thereby clean the membrane by tangential flushing;

means for measuring a transmembrane pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber of the filter;

means for storing in memory an initial transmembrane pressure when the filter is set in operation for the first time; and

means for comparing the initial transmembrane pressure with a measured transmembrane pressure.

16. The device as claimed in claim 15, further comprising:

alarm means for emitting an alarm when a measured transmembrane pressure deviates by a predetermined quantity from the initial transmembrane pressure.