Method of evaluating the vibration characteristics of a sporting implement such as a golf club

• US 5,703,294 A
• Filed: 12/29/1995
• Issued: 12/30/1997
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation Incorporated (Iowa State University)
• Original Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation Incorporated (Iowa State University)
• Inventors: Houser, Guy M., McConnell, Kenneth G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Biegel, Ronald L.
• Application Number:
  US08/578,167
• Time in Patent Office: 732 Days
• Field of Search: 73/12.02, 73/65.03, 73/649, 73/12.04, 73/12.08, 73/12.12, 73/579, 73/583, 73/655, 473/219, 473/221, 473/222, 473/223, 473/233
• US Class Current: 73/579
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 53/00 Golf clubs
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 60/42 Devices for measuring, verifying, correcting or customising the inherent characteristics of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like, e.g. measuring the maximum torque a batting shaft can withstand
• CPC Class Codes: A63B 60/46 Measurement devices associated with golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like for measuring physical parameters relating to sporting activity, e.g. baseball bats with impact indicators or bracelets for measuring the golf swing
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 17/00 Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups see provisionally also G01H1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 7/02 Vibration-testing by means of a shake table

Abstract

A method of evaluating the vibration characteristics of a golf club comprises identifying the natural frequencies of vibration of the golf club through a pseudorandom vibrational excitation of the club. The club is then excited at least at some of the identified natural frequencies and the club head is observed under a strobe light to identify and locate on the face of the club head the node lines corresponding to the vibrational mode shape for these natural frequencies. The intersection pattern of the node lines as observed and mapped on the club face and the offset of this pattern from the presumed sweet spot provides important information as to the likely feel this particular golf club will have. In addition, a method of impacting a golf club at the sweet spot with a predetermined force is disclosed to simulate the impact of the club with a golf ball. The frequency response curve represented by the vibration levels as a function of frequency is a useful indicator of the gross or absolute levels of vibration of the club. Various golf clubs can be compared against one another by comparing the areas underneath the frequency response curves for the various clubs.

Claims

1. A method of evaluating the vibration characteristics of a sporting implement, wherein the sporting implement includes a shaft having a hitting member with the hitting member including a hitting face that is designed to impact with and propel an object, which comprises:

(a) identifying a plurality of the natural frequencies of vibration of the sporting implement which frequencies produce node lines on the hitting member; and

(b) locating relative to the face of the hitting member the node lines present on the hitting member for the natural frequencies identified in step (a).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the natural frequencies for at least one linear and one angular mode of vibration are identified in step (a).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the natural frequencies for a plurality of linear and a plurality of angular modes of vibration are identified in step (a) such that the natural frequencies of a first linear mode, a second linear mode, a first angular mode, a second angular mode, and so on, are identified, and wherein step (b) is performed for the natural frequencies of at least the second linear mode of vibration and the first angular mode of vibration.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) is performed for a sufficient number of natural frequencies to allow a triangular area formed by the intersection of at least three node lines to be identified on the hitting face.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) comprises:

(i) mounting the sporting implement on a vibrational exciting means in a fashion such that the hitting member is not directly supported but is free to move both linearly and angularly;

(ii) causing the vibrational exciting means to vibrate over a relatively broad band of frequencies to cause corresponding vibrational motion in the sporting implement;

(iii) identifying those frequencies within the band of step (ii) at which peak levels of vibration occur on the sporting implement; and

(iv) recording the frequencies identified in step (iii) as the natural frequencies of vibration of the sporting implement.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) comprises:

(i) exciting the sporting implement at one natural frequency chosen from the natural frequencies identified in step (a);

(ii) shining a strobe light at the hitting member as the sporting implement is excited at the one natural frequency and vibrates in its characteristic mode shape for the one natural frequency;

(iii) observing the hitting member under the strobe light to determine a relatively stationary line on the hitting member or passing through the hitting member and where such line or a projection of such line crosses the hitting face which line comprises the node line for vibration of the sporting implement at the chosen natural frequency; and

(iv) repeating steps (i)-(iii) for each of the natural frequencies identified in step (a).

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the spotting implement is a golf club and the hitting member comprises a club head at one end of the shaft.

8. A method of evaluating the vibration characteristics of a sporting implement, wherein the sporting implement includes a shaft having a hitting member with the hitting member including a hitting face that is designed to impact with and propel an object, which comprises:

(a) identifying the natural frequencies for various modes of vibration of the sporting implement including at least a first linear mode, a second linear mode, and a first angular mode;

(b) identifying the presence and location of node lines for at least the second linear mode and the first angular mode of vibration on the hitting member; and

(c) wherein step (b) is performed for a sufficient number of natural frequencies to allow a triangular area formed by the intersection of at least three node lines on the hitting member to be identified on the hitting face.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the sporting implement is a golf club and the hitting member comprises a club head at one end of the shaft.

11. The method of claim 9, further including the additional steps of:

(c) repeating steps (a) and (b) for a second sporting implement with impact being at the same predetermined force as was used with respect to the first sporting implement; and

(d) comparing the vibration levels of the second sporting implement relative to the first sporting implement by comparing the areas under the corresponding frequency response curves for both sporting implements.

10. A method of evaluating the vibration characteristics of a sporting implement, wherein the sporting implement includes a shaft having a hitting member with the hitting member including a hitting face that is designed to impact with and propel an object, which comprises:

(a) impacting a first sporting implement at the hitting face with a predetermined force in a manner that is representative of impact of the object with the sporting implement; and

(b) measuring a parameter indicative of vibration levels occurring at the hitting face as a result of the predetermined force impact of step (a) with such parameter per unit of force being plotted along a vertical axis as a function of increasing frequency of vibration which is plotted along a horizontal axis, such plot defining a frequency response curve with the area between the curve and the horizontal axis being representative of the absolute amount of vibration occurring at the first sporting implement for the predetermined force impact.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the sporting implement is a gold club and the hitting member comprises a club head at one end of the shaft.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first golf club is a club in which a triangular area formed by the intersection of at least three node lines for vibration at three natural frequencies of the club is relatively close to the sweet spot.