System for wireless transmission and receiving of information and method of operation thereof

• US 5,710,798 A
• Filed: 06/02/1995
• Issued: 01/20/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/12/1992
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: NTP Incorporated
• Original Assignee: NTP Incorporated
• Inventors: Campana, Thomas J. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): GHAYOUR, MOHAMMAD H
• Application Number:
  US08/460,778
• Time in Patent Office: 963 Days
• Field of Search: 375/347, 370/100.1, 370/105.1, 370/506, 370/503
• US Class Current: 375/347
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/10 Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04H 20/67 Common-wave systems, i.e. using separate transmitters operating on substantially the same frequency
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/004 by using forward error control H04L1/0618 takes precedence; coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or correction H03M13/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/02 by diversity reception
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/22 Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/042 Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines digital correlators in general G06F17/15
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/06 Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing , discarding information system modifying transmission characteristic according to link quality by modifying frame length H04L1/0007; dynamic adaptation of the packet size for flow control or congestion control H04L47/365
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 68/00 User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like

Abstract

A system and method is disclosed for wireless transmission of information which is subject to fading by using a RF carrier modulated with a subcarrier modulated with the information. The system has a bus interface which communicates with a digital signal processor which controls the transmitting and receiving circuitry functions. The bus interface is for connection to a computer bus which is connected to a computer which originates information to be transmitted by transmitting circuitry and which receives information from receiving circuitry. The digital signal processor provides first and second encoded information streams each comprising the information to be transmitted with the second stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first stream which is equal to or greater than the fading interval. The first and second encoded information streams modulate cycles of the subcarrier to produce first and second parallel information streams which are time offset by the time delay interval. The receiving circuitry has a detector for detecting transmitted first and second parallel information streams with the second parallel information stream being delayed from the first parallel information stream by the time delay interval. The digital signal processor determines if faded information is present in the frames of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing the error correction code therein to determine if a number of bit errors are present which exceed the bit error correction capacity of the error correction code. The digital signal processor places an error marker within the detected first and second parallel information streams to mark each faded information unit and controls replacement of each error marker within at least one of the first and second parallel information streams with replacement data bits within a frame in one of the first and second parallel information streams which were time offset at transmission by the time delay interval to produce error free transmitted information.

Claims

1. Transmitting circuitry for wireless transmission of information by modulating a transmitted carrier with a subcarrier. with transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval, the transmitting circuitry comprising:

a processor, responsive to a source of information, for providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be transmitted with the second encoded information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the fading; and

an encoder, responsive to the first and second encoded information streams, for modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel stream containing the first encoded information stream, with the second parallel stream containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval.

2. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

the encoder modulates cycles of the subcarrier with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams being modulated in cycles of the subcarrier with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

3. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

the encoder modulates cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with bits of the first and second encoded information streams.

4. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information from the source of information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream.

5. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 2 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information from the source of information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream.

6. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 3 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information from the source of information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream.

7. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 1 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

8. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 2 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

9. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 3 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

10. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 4 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

11. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 5 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

12. Transmitting circuitry in accordance with claim 6 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause receiving circuitry to lose synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

13. A method of wireless transmission of information by modulating a transmitted carrier with a subcarrier with transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval comprising:

providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the fading; and

modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel stream by the time delay interval.

14. A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein:

cycles of the subcarrier are modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

15. A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein:

the modulation of the subcarrier is pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the bits of the first and second encoded information streams.

16. A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream.

17. A method in accordance with claim 14 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream.

18. A method in accordance with claim 15 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream.

19. A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

20. A method in accordance with claim 14 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

21. A method in accordance with claim 15 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the atmospheric fade with information offset in time from the faded informationby the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

22. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

23. A method in accordance with claim 17 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

24. A method in accordance with claim 18 wherein:

the time interval is of a length which would cause loss of synchronism with the transmitted parallel information streams without replacement of faded information caused by the fade with information offset in time from the faded information by the time delay interval from at least one of the transmitted parallel information streams.

91. A method in accordance with claim 13 further comprising:

varying the time delay interval between successive transmissions of information.

92. A method in accordance with claim 91 wherein:

the time delay interval is transmitted as part of the information within the first and second parallel information streams.

93. A method in accordance with claim 92 wherein:

the time delay interval within the first and second parallel information streams is encrypted.

25. Receiving circuitry for receiving a wireless transmission of information with the wireless transmission of information being subject to fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the receiving circuitry comprising:

a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams; and

at least one processor, responsive to the detected parallel streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by a fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset at transmission from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information.

26. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and

the determination of faded information by the at least one processor is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of bits of error correction information.

27. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein:

the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and

wherein

the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.

28. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 26 wherein:

the at least one processor comprises a digital signal processor, coupled to the detector, the digital signal processor processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and

wherein

the digital signal processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present.

29. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 27 wherein:

the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

30. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 29 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.

31. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 28 wherein:

the calculation of the integral by the digital signal processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

32. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 31 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.

33. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

34. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 25 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

35. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 26 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

36. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 26 wherein:

the first and second parallel, information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

37. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 27 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

38. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 27 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

39. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 28 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

40. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 28 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

41. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 29 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

42. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 29 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

43. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 30 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

44. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 30 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

45. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 31 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

46. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 31 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

47. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 32 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

48. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 32 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

49. A method of receiving a wireless transmission of information with the transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval and being modulated with a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second identical encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval comprising the steps:

detecting the first and second parallel information streams which have been transmitted with the radio frequency carrier; and

determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by an fade with replacement information from one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information.

50. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 wherein:

the first and second encoded information streams each comprise frames of information with each frame having a plurality of bits encoding error correction information and a plurality of bits encoding the information with the error correction information of the first encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the first parallel information stream and the error correction information of the second encoded information stream not being capable of correcting for a fade of the time interval producing faded information in the second parallel information stream; and

the determination of faded information is performed by determining that the error correction bits cannot correct an error detected by processing the first and second parallel information streams with an error correction routine using the plurality of error correction bits.

51. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 further comprising:

processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and

wherein

the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.

52. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 50 further comprising:

processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams; and

wherein

the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present.

53. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 51 wherein:

the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

54. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 53 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.

55. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 52 further comprising:

the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

56. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 55 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value.

57. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

58. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 49 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

59. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 50 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

60. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 50 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

61. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 51 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

62. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 51 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

63. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 52 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

64. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 52 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

65. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 53 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

66. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 53 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

67. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 54 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

68. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 54 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

69. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 55 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

70. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 55 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

71. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 56 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

72. A method of receiving in accordance with claim 56 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

94. A method in accordance with claim 49 further comprising:

varying the time delay interval between successive transmissions of information.

95. A method in accordance with claim 94 wherein:

the time delay interval is transmitted as part of the information within the first and second parallel information streams.

96. A method in accordance with claim 95 wherein:

the time delay interval within the first and second parallel information streams is encrypted.

73. Receiving circuitry for receiving a wireless transmission of information modulated on cycles of a subcarrier comprising:

a detector for detecting modulated cycles of a subcarrier; and

a processor, coupled to the detector, for processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the cycles; and

wherein

the processor processes the substituted numerical values to produce the information.

74. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 73 wherein:

the calculation of the integral by the processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

75. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 74 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.

76. A method of receiving a wireless transmission of information comprising:

detecting modulated cycles of a subcarrier; and

processing detected individual cycles of the subcarrier modulated with the information to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically comparing each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected modulated part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the cycles; and

wherein

processing the substituted numerical values to produce the information.

77. A method in accordance with claim 76 wherein:

the calculation of the integral is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

78. A method in accordance with claim 77 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value.

79. Receiving circuitry for receiving a wireless transmission of information with the transmission of the information being subject to fading for a time interval and being modulated with a carrier modulated with a subcarrier with the subcarrier being modulated with first and second encoded identical information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream and with the second parallel information stream containing the second encoded information stream with the parallel information streams being transmitted with a time delay interval between the parallel information streams as modulated on the subcarrier which is equal to or greater than the time interval, the receiving circuitry comprising:

a detector for detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams;

a processor, responsive to the detected first and second parallel information streams, for determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing error correction code contained in frames of the information to determine if the frames contain at least one uncorrectable bit after processing the error correction code and in response to determined faded information replacing the faded information caused by a fade with replacement information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval and outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information.

80. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 79 wherein:

the processor further processes detected individual cycles of the subcarrier to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, numerically compares each of the calculated integrals with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranges each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substitutes for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified stored range including the calculated integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one the first and second parallel information streams;

the processor processes the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values for determining if the faded information is present; and

the calculation of the integral by the processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

81. Receiving circuitry in accordance with claim 80 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value succeeds the compared sample value.

82. A method of wireless transmission of information subject to fading for a time interval using a radio frequency carrier modulated with a subcarrier comprising:

providing a first encoded information stream which comprises the information to be transmitted and a second encoded information stream which also comprises the information to be transmitted with the second information stream being delayed by a time delay interval with respect to the first information stream which is equal to or greater than the time interval of the fading;

modulating the subcarrier with the first and second encoded information streams to produce first and second parallel information streams modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the first parallel information stream containing the first encoded information stream, the second parallel information containing the second encoded information stream and with the first parallel information stream as modulated on the subcarrier being time displaced from the second parallel information stream by the time delay interval;

transmitting the carrier modulated with the subcarrier modulated with the first and second parallel information streams;

detecting the transmitted first and second parallel information streams;

determining if faded information is present in at least one of the detected first and second parallel information streams by processing error correction code contained in frames of the information to determine if the frames contain at least one uncorrectable bit after processing the error correction code;

in response to the faded information replacing the faded information caused by a fade with information from at least one of the first and second parallel information streams which is time offset from the faded information by the time delay interval; and

outputting error free transmitted information including the replacement information.

83. A method in accordance with claim 82 wherein:

the detected individual cycles of the subcarrier are processed to calculate an integral of at least one selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles, each of the calculated integrals is numerically compared with a plurality of stored numerical ranges which ranqes each represent one of a plurality of possible numerical values that the selected part may encode to identify a stored range numerically including the calculated integral and substituting for the at least one selected part of each of the cycles the one of the plurality of numerical values representative of the identified range including the calculated stored integral with each numerical value encoding at least a part of an information unit in one of the first and second parallel information streams;

the first and second parallel information streams containing the substituted numerical values are processed for determining if the faded information is present; and

the calculation of the integral by the processor is made by taking a plurality of samples of each selected modulated part of each of the individual cycles with each sample having a numerical value and each sample is compared with a range of numerical values representing a valid sample which should be included within the calculation of the integral and when the comparison reveals that the sample value is outside the range of numerical values, the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is a function of the sample values adjacent the sample value which is replaced.

84. A method in accordance with claim 83 wherein:

the compared sample value is replaced with a value which is an average of at least one sample value which precedes the compared sample value and at least one sample value which succeeds the compared sample value.

85. A method in accordance with claim 82 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

86. A method in accordance with claim 82 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

87. A method in accordance with claim 83 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

88. A method in accordance with claim 83 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.

89. A method in accordance with claim 84 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with the cycles being modulated with bits of each of the first and second encoded information streams with each cycle of the subcarrier being modulated by bits at a plurality of separated angular positions.

90. A method in accordance with claim 84 wherein:

the first and second parallel information streams are modulated on cycles of the subcarrier with pulse width modulation with a width of parts of the cycles of the subcarrier being modulated with the first and second encoded information streams.