Toner for developing electrostatic image, image forming method, developing device and process cartridge

• US 5,712,070 A
• Filed: 02/07/1996
• Issued: 01/27/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (Canon Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (Canon Inc.)
• Inventors: Tamura, Osamu, Urawa, Motoo, Nozawa, Keita, Kukimoto, Tsutomu
• Primary Examiner(s): GOODROW, JOHN L
• Application Number:
  US08/597,876
• Time in Patent Office: 720 Days
• Field of Search: 430/120, 430/109, 430/111, 430/106, 430/6, 399/225
• US Class Current: 430/106.2
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/0819 characterised by the dimensions of the particles
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/0821 characterised by physical parameters magnetic parameters G03G9/083
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/0834 Non-magnetic inorganic compounds chemically incorporated in magnetic components

Abstract

A toner for developing electrostatic images is constituted by toner particles comprising a binder resin and a colorant. The toner is characterized by having (i) a particle size distribution including a weight-average particle size D₄ of X μm and Y% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 3.17 μm satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2):

-5X+35≦Y≦-25X+180                            (1)

3.5≦X≦6.5                                    (2),

(ii) at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of at most 110° C. as measured by differential thermal analysis, and (iii) a tap void of 0.45-0.70. The toner is effective for obviating the sleeve ghost phenomenon.

Claims

1. A toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising:

toner particles comprising a binder resin, a colorant and a wax;

wherein the toner has;

(i) a particle size distribution including a weight-average particle size D₄ of X μ

m and Y% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 3.17 μ

m satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2);

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-5X+35≦

Y≦

-25X+180 (1)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">>

4.0≦

X≦

6.3 (2),

(ii) at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of at most 110°

C. as measured by differential thermal analysis, and

(iii) a tap void of 0.45-0.70.

2. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner further satisfies the following condition (3):

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-5X+35≦

Y≦

-12.5X+98.75 (3).

3. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a weight-average particle size D₄ of X μ

m and contains Z% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 2.52 μ

m satisfying the following condition (5),

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-7.5X+45≦

Z≦

-12.0X+82 (5).

4. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains at least 62% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 5.04 μ

m.

5. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains 62-95% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 5.04 μ

m.

6. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of 60°

-110°

C. as measured by differential thermal analysis.

7. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains a low-melting point substance having at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of at most 110°

C. as measured by differential thermal analysis.

8. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains a low-melting point substance having at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of 60°

-110°

C. as measured by differential thermal analysis.

9. The toner according to claim 7, wherein the low-melting point substance comprises a resin.

10. The toner according to claim 7, wherein the low-melting point substance comprises a wax.

11. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a tap void of 0.50-0.70.

12. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a tap void of 0.50-0.60.

13. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin has an acid value of at least 15 mgKOH/g.

14. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles contain an azo metal complex.

15. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the azo metal complex has iron as its central metal.

16. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles contain a magnetic material.

17. The toner according to claim 16, wherein the magnetic material comprises magnetic iron oxide containing silicon or aluminum.

18. The toner according to claim 17, wherein the magnetic iron oxide contains 0.1-3 wt. % of silicon based on iron.

19. The toner according to claim 17, wherein the magnetic iron oxide contains 0.1-2 wt. % of aluminum based on iron.

20. The toner according to claim 16, wherein the magnetic material comprises particles having an average long axis/short axis ratio in the range of 1.0-1.2.

21. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner comprises the toner particles and silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder.

22. The toner according to claim 21, wherein the silicone oil-treated inorganic fine powder has a pH of at most 7.0.

23. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has been obtained through steps of melt-kneading the binder resin, the colorant and a low-melting point substance to form a melt-kneaded product, and pulverizing the melt-kneaded product.

32. The method according to claim 24, wherein the toner is a toner according to any one of claims 2 or 4-24.

39. The developing device according to claim 33, wherein the toner is a toner according to any one of claims 2 or 3-23.

49. The process cartridge according to claim 40, wherein the toner is a toner according to any one of claims 2 or 3-23.

24. An image forming method, comprising:

electrically charging an image-bearing member,

forming an electrostatic image on the image-bearing member, and

developing the electrostatic image with a toner carried on a toner-carrying member to form a toner image on the image-bearing member;

wherein the toner comprises toner particles comprising a binder resin, a colorant and a wax, and has

(i) a particle size distribution including a weight-average particle size D₄ of X μ

m and Y% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 3.17 μ

m satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2);

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-5X+35≦

Y≦

-25X+180 (1)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">>

4.0≦

X≦

6.3 (2),

(ii) at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of at most 110°

C. as measured by differential thermal analysis, and

(iii) a tap void of 0.45-0.70.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the image-bearing member comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

26. The method according to claim 24, wherein a layer of the toner is formed on the toner-carrying member by a toner layer thickness-regulating member.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the toner layer thickness-regulating member comprises an elastic blade abutted to the toner-carrying member.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the elastic blade is formed of a member selected from the group consisting of elastomers, elastic synthetic resins, elastic metals and composites of these materials.

29. The method according to claim 24, wherein the toner-carrying member comprises an electroconductive sleeve, and a resin coating layer containing electroconductive particles and formed on the electroconductive sleeve.

30. The method according to claim 24, wherein the toner is carried on the toner-carrying member in a layer having a thickness which is smaller than a gap formed between the image-bearing member and the toner-carrying member.

31. The method according to claim 24, wherein the toner-carrying member comprises a sleeve containing a magnet.

33. A developing device, comprising:

a toner comprising toner particles comprising a binder resin, a colorant and a wax,

a toner vessel containing the toner, and

a toner-carrying member for carrying and conveying the toner contained in the toner vessel to a developing position,

wherein the toner has;

(i) a particle size distribution including a weight-average particle size D₄ of X μ

m and Y% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 3.17 μ

m satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2);

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-5X+35≦

Y≦

-25X+180 (1)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">>

4.0≦

X≦

6.3 (2),

(ii) at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of at most 110°

C. as measured by differential thermal analysis, and

(iii) a tap void of 0.45-0.70.

34. The developing device according to claim 33, wherein a layer of the toner is formed on the toner-carrying member by a toner layer thickness-regulating member.

35. The developing device according to claim 34, wherein the toner layer thickness-regulating member comprises an elastic blade abutted to the toner-carrying member.

36. The developing device according to claim 35, wherein the elastic blade is formed of a member selected from the group consisting of elastomers, elastic synthetic resins, elastic metals and composites of these materials.

37. The developing device according to claim 33, wherein the toner-carrying member comprises an electroconductive sleeve, and a resin coating layer containing electroconductive particles and formed on the electroconductive sleeve.

38. The developing device according to claim 33, wherein the toner-carrying member comprises a sleeve containing a magnet.

40. A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main body of an image forming apparatus, comprising:

an image-bearing member for holding an electrostatic image, and

a developing means for developing an electrostatic image held on the image-bearing member to form a toner image on the image-bearing member;

wherein the developing means comprises a toner comprising toner particles comprising a binder resin, a colorant and a wax, a toner vessel containing the toner, and a toner-carrying member for carrying and conveying the toner contained in the toner vessel to a developing position,

wherein the toner has;

(i) a particle size distribution including a weight-average particle size D₄ of X μ

m and Y% by number of toner particles having a particle size of at most 3.17 μ

m satisfying the following conditions (1) and (2);

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">-5X+35≦

Y≦

-25X+180 (1)

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">>

4.0≦

X≦

6.3 (2),

(ii) at least one heat absorption peak in a temperature region of at most 110°

C. as measured by differential thermal analysis, and

(iii) a tap void of 0.45-0.70.

41. The process cartridge according to claim 40, wherein the image-bearing member comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

42. The process cartridge according to claim 40, wherein a layer of the toner is formed on the toner-carrying member by a toner layer thickness-regulating member.

43. The process cartridge according to claim 42, wherein the toner layer thickness-regulating member comprises an elastic blade abutted to the toner-carrying member.

44. The process cartridge according to claim 43, wherein the elastic blade is formed of a member selected from the group consisting of elastomers, elastic synthetic resins, elastic metals and composites of these materials.

45. The process cartridge according to claim 40, wherein the toner-carrying member comprises an electroconductive sleeve, and a resin coating layer containing electroconductive particles and formed on the electroconductive sleeve.

46. The process cartridge according to claim 40, wherein the toner is carried on the toner-carrying member in a layer having a thickness which is smaller than a gap formed between the image-bearing member and the toner-carrying member.

47. The process cartridge according to claim 40, wherein the toner-carrying member comprises a sleeve containing a magnet.

48. The process cartridge according to claim 40, wherein the image-bearing member comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the cartridge further including at least one of charging means and cleaning means integrated together with the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the developing means to form the cartridge.