Just-in-time requisition and inventory management system

• US 5,712,989 A
• Filed: 04/02/1993
• Issued: 01/27/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fisher Scientific Co. (Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Fisher Scientific Co. (Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporated)
• Inventors: Johnson, James M., Momyer, Douglas A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Black, Thomas G.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Alam, Hosain T.
• Application Number:
  US08/042,168
• Time in Patent Office: 1,761 Days
• Field of Search: 395/600, 395/165, 395/155, 395/161, 395/228, 395/729, 364/468, 364/413.01, 364/401, 364/403, 364/478, 364/188-189, 364/468.05, 364/468.14, 235/375, 235/385, 235/383
• US Class Current: 705/28
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/087 Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/0875 Itemisation or classification of parts, supplies or services, e.g. bill of materials
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/203 Inventory monitoring

Abstract

In accordance with the present invention, a requisition and inventory management system is provided which employs both a host computer and a local computer which can be linked to permit two-way data communications in a real time environment. Each computer has an associated database which can be accessed by that computer. By accessing its respective database, each computer can build and transmit to the other computer communications blocks of data relating to a particular requisition of an item in Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory or to the management of the JIT inventory. The other computer can then use the received data to continue processing of the requisition or to update its JIT inventory records. Thus requisition records are created from a real-time interaction between the host and local computers, with each computer using data from its respective database in conjunction with information entered by a Customer Service Representative (CSR) operating the local computer.

The system of the present invention also utilizes means for automatically determining which items in the JIT inventory are likely to require replenishment. The system then proposes a purchase or transfer order for an optimum quantity of the item, which the CSR may accept or modify.

Claims

1. A Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system comprising:

a local computer maintaining a local database including a local inventory record indicating quantities of items on hand at a local warehouse;

a host computer maintaining a host database, said host database including a host inventory record that includes multiple inventory portions, wherein;

one inventory portion of said host inventory record indicates quantities of items on hand at a central location; and

another inventory portion of said host inventory record indicates quantities of items on hand at said local warehouse;

means for bi-directionally communicating between said local computer and said host computer to permit the bi-directional exchange of data between said host database and said local database;

means for sourcing requested quantities of items at desired times, including;

means, provided at said local computer, for generating a requisition order for a requisitioned item;

means for searching said local database for a local inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item to determine if a requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said local warehouse;

means for performing the following steps (A), (B) and (C) from said local computer if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said local warehouse;

(A) sourcing said requisitioned item from said local warehouse;

(B) updating said local inventory record to indicate the sourcing of said requisitioned item from said local warehouse; and

(C) using said bi-directional communication means to similarly update that portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said local warehouse;

said searching means further comprising means for searching said host database for a host inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said local warehouse;

means for performing the following steps (D), (E), and (F) from said host computer if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said local warehouse but is available at said central location;

(D) using said bi-directional communicating means to transmit data from said host computer to said local computer indicating that said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said central location;

(E) directing the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned item from said central location to said local warehouse; and

(F) updating said host database to indicate the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned item from said central location to said local warehouse by subtracting said requested quantity of said requisitioned items from that portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said central location; and

(G) using said bi-directional communication means to update said local database, from said host computer, by adding said requested quantity of said requisitioned items to said local inventory record.

2. The Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system according to claim 1, wherein some of the items located at said local warehouse are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said system further comprises:

means for automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item; and

means for automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

3. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 wherein the data for said requisition order is electronically entered into said local computer.

4. The Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 wherein some of the items located at said local warehouse are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said system further comprises:

means for automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

5. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 4 wherein said local warehouse includes a plurality of stock rooms.

6. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 4 wherein said local warehouse includes inventory for at least a first customer and a second customer.

7. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 wherein said local warehouse includes a plurality of stock rooms.

8. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 wherein said local warehouse includes inventory for at least a first customer and a second customer.

9. The Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 wherein some of the items located at said local warehouse are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said system further comprises:

means for automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

10. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 9 wherein said local warehouse includes a plurality of stock rooms.

11. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 9 wherein said local warehouse includes inventory for at least a first customer and a second customer.

12. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 further comprising means at said local computer for obtaining from said host computer and displaying an indication of the quantity on hand at said central location of said requisitioned item.

13. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 further comprising means at said local computer for obtaining and displaying information updating the status of an outstanding requisition order.

14. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 1 further comprising means at said local computer for automatically creating proposed replenishment orders to replenish inventory in said local warehouse.

15. The requisition and inventory management system of claim 14 wherein said proposed replenishment orders may selectively be converted to purchase orders.

16. A method of managing a Just-In-Time inventory, said method comprising the steps of:

maintaining a local database with a local computer, the local database including a local inventory record indicating quantities of items on hand at a local warehouse;

maintaining a host database with a host computer, the host database including a host inventory record that includes multiple inventory portions, wherein;

one inventory portion of said host inventory record indicates quantities of items on hand at a central location; and

another inventory portion of said host inventory record indicates quantities of items on hand at said local warehouse;

providing means for bi-directionally communicating between said local computer and said host computer, to permit the bi-directional exchange of data between said host database and said local database;

sourcing requested quantities of items at desired times, by way of at least the following steps;

generating a requisition order for a requisitioned item;

searching said local database for a local inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item to determine if a requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said local warehouse;

performing the following steps (A), (B) and (C) from said local computer if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said local warehouse;

(A) sourcing said requisitioned item from said local warehouse;

(B) updating said local inventory record to indicate the sourcing of said requisitioned item from said local warehouse; and

(C) using said bi-directional communication means to similarly update portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said local warehouse;

searching said host database for a host inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said local warehouse;

performing the following steps (D), (E) and (F) from said host computer if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said local warehouse but is available at said central location;

(D) using said bi-directional communicating means to transmit data from said host computer to said local computer indicating that said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said central location;

(E) directing the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned item from said central location to said local warehouse;

(F) updating said host database to indicate the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned items from said central location to said local warehouse by subtracting said requested quantity of said requisitioned items from that portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said central location.

17. The method of managing an inventory of claim 16 further comprising the steps of obtaining from said host computer and displaying at said local computer an indication of the quantity on hand at said central location of said requisitioned item.

18. The method of managing an inventory of claim 16 further comprising the steps of obtaining and displaying at said local computer information updating the status of an outstanding requisition order.

19. The method of managing the Just-In-Time inventory of claim 16 wherein some of the items located at said local warehouse are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said method further comprises:

automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

20. The method of managing a just in time inventory of claim 19 wherein said local warehouse includes a plurality of stock rooms.

21. The method of managing a just in time inventory of claim 19 wherein said local warehouse includes inventory for at least a first customer and a second customer.

22. The method of managing an inventory of claim 16 further comprising the step of automatically creating proposed orders to replenish inventory in said local warehouse.

23. The method of managing an inventory of claim 22 wherein said proposed orders may selectively be converted to purchase orders.

24. The method according to claim 16, wherein some of the items located at said local warehouse are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said method further comprises the steps of:

automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item; and

automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

25. The method of managing the Just-In-Time inventory of claim 16 wherein some of the items located at said local warehouse are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said method further comprises:

automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

26. The method of managing the Just-In-Time inventory of claim 25 wherein said local warehouse includes a plurality of stock rooms.

27. The method of managing the Just-In-Time inventory of claim 25 wherein said local warehouse includes inventory for at least a first customer and a second customer.

28. The method of managing an inventory of claim 16 wherein the data for said requisition order is electronically entered into said local computer.

29. The method of managing an inventory of claim 16 wherein said local warehouse includes a plurality of stock rooms.

30. The method of managing an inventory of claim 16 wherein said local warehouse includes inventory for at least a first customer and a second customer.

31. A Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system comprising:

a plurality of local computers maintaining respective local databases including a local inventory records indicating quantities of items on hand at respective local warehouses;

a host computer maintaining a host database, said host database including a host inventory record that includes multiple inventory portions, wherein;

one inventory portion of said host inventory record indicates quantities of items on hand at a central location; and

other inventory portions of said host inventory record respectively indicate quantities of items on hand at said local warehouses;

means for bi-directionally communicating between said host computer and said local computers to permit the bi-directional exchange of data between said host database and said local databases;

means, provided at each of said local computers, for sourcing requested quantities of items at desired times, including;

means for generating a requisition order for a requisitioned item;

means for searching the local database corresponding to said local computer for a local inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item to determine if a requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at the corresponding local warehouse;

means for performing the following steps (A), (B) and (C) if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said corresponding local warehouse;

(A) sourcing said requisitioned item from said corresponding local warehouse;

(B) updating the corresponding local inventory record to indicate the sourcing of said requisitioned item from said local warehouse; and

(C) using said bi-directional communication means to similarly update that portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said corresponding local warehouse;

said searching means further comprising means for searching said host database for a host inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said corresponding local warehouse;

means for performing the following steps (D), (E) and (F) from said host computer if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said corresponding local warehouse but is available at said central location;

(D) using said bi-directional communicating means to transmit data from said host computer to said local computer indicating that said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said central location;

(E) directing the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned item from said central location to said corresponding local warehouse; and

(F) updating said host database to indicate the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned item from said central location to said local warehouse by subtracting said requested quantity of said requisitioned items from that portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said central location.

32. The Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system according to claim 31, wherein some of the items located at at least one said local warehouses are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said system further comprises:

means for automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item; and

means for automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

33. The Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system according to claim 31, wherein some of the items located at least one of said local warehouses are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said system further comprises:

means for automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

34. The Just-In-Time requisition and inventory management system according to claim 31, wherein some of the items located at at least one of said local warehouses are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said system further comprises:

means for automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

35. A method of managing a Just-In-Time inventory, said method comprising the steps of:

maintaining a plurality of local databases with a plurality of respective local computers, the local databases each including local inventory records indicating quantities of items on hand at respective local warehouses;

maintaining a host database with a host computer, the host database including a host inventory record that includes multiple inventory portions, wherein;

one inventory portion of said host inventory record indicates quantities of items on hand at a central location; and

other inventory portions of said host inventory record respectively indicate quantities of items on hand at said local warehouses;

providing means for bi-directionally communicating between said local computers, to permit the bi-directional exchange of data between said host database and said local databases;

at any one of said local computers, selectively sourcing requested quantities of items at desired times by way of at least the following steps;

generating a requisition order for a requisitioned item;

searching the local database corresponding to said local computer for a local inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item to determine if a requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at the corresponding local warehouse;

performing the following steps (A), (B) and (C) if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said corresponding local warehouse;

(A) sourcing said requisitioned item from said corresponding local warehouse;

(B) updating the corresponding local inventory record to indicate the sourcing of said requisitioned item from said corresponding local warehouse; and

(C) using said bi-directional communication means to similarly update that portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said corresponding local warehouse;

searching said host database for a host inventory record corresponding to said requisitioned item if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said corresponding local warehouse;

performing the following steps (D), (E) and (F) and from said host computer if said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is not available at said corresponding local warehouse but is available at said central location;

(D) using said bi-directional communicating means to transmit data from said host computer to said local computer indicating that said requested quantity of said requisitioned item is available at said central location;

(E) directing the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned item from said central location to said corresponding local warehouse; and

(F) updating said host database to indicate the transfer of said requested quantity of said requisitioned item from said central location to said local warehouse by subtracting said requested quantity of said requisitioned items from that portion of said host inventory record, present at said host computer, that indicates quantities of items on hand at said central location.

36. The method according to claim 35, wherein some of the items located at at least one of said local warehouses are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said method further comprises the steps of:

automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item; and

automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

37. The method according to claim 35, wherein some of the items located at at least one of said local warehouses are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said method further comprises the step of:

automatically generating a purchase order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one local warehouse if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said customer and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.

38. The method according to claim 35, wherein some of the items located at at least one of said local warehouses are owned by a customer and some of said items are owned by a distributor, wherein said local inventory record further includes at least one ownership field indicating the items owned by the customer and the items owned by said distributor, a field indicating the requested quantity of said item, and a field indicating a reorder point for said item, wherein said method further comprises the step of:

automatically generating a transfer order to replenish the inventory of said item in said at least one of local warehouses if said ownership field indicates that said item is owned by said distributor and if the quantity on hand minus the requested quantity of said item is less than the reorder point for said item.