Method and apparatus for wireless communication employing collector arrays

• US 5,715,516 A
• Filed: 10/18/1995
• Issued: 02/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hanger Solutions, LLC (IP Investments Group LLC)
• Original Assignee: Cellular Telecom, Ltd. (Health Care Products Ltd.)
• Inventors: Howard, David Amundson, Vastano, John Andrew, Coates, Karen Evelyn, Smith, Bruce Denis
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham, Chi H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): ARTHUR JEANGLAUDE, GERTRUDE
• Application Number:
  US08/544,913
• Time in Patent Office: 839 Days
• Field of Search: 455/33.1, 455/33.2, 455/33.4, 455/34.1, 455/54.1, 455/56.1, 379/59-60, 370/338, 370/401, 370/320, 370/321, 370/335, 370/337, 370/342, 370/347
• US Class Current: 455/422.1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/022 Site diversity; Macro-diversity using two or more spaced independent antennas H04B7/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0491 using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 16/00 Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/085 Access point devices with remote components

Abstract

A cellular communications system that includes forward channel communications to users and corresponding reverse channel communications from mobile users. The users travel from one area to another area over one or more zones. The forward channel communications are broadcast directly to users in a broadcaster zone. The reverse channel communications from users are not returned directly but are first collected at locations arrayed over the broadcaster zone. After collection, the reverse channel communications are forwarded to complete the full duplex communications. The forward channel communications are point to multipoint while the the reverse channel communications are multipoint to point. The communication system separately handles the point to multipoint forward path as a direct broadcast and the multipoint to point reverse path using multiple collection points. Since the forward and reverse paths are separately configured, the present invention optimizes both the forward and reverse paths.

Claims

1. A communication system having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications comprising,

zone manager means including,

broadcaster means having a broadcaster transmitter for broadcasting said plurality of forward channel communications using broadband broadcaster signals to form a plurality of broadcaster forward channels in a broadcaster zone,

aggregator means for receiving said plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications;

a plurality of users in said broadcaster zone,

each of said users including user receiver means for receiving a different forward channel from said broadcaster means and including user transmitter means for broadcasting user reverse channel communications in a different user reverse channel,

said plurality of users providing a plurality of different user reverse channels collectively as a broadband composite signal,

a plurality of collector means distributed over said broadcaster zone at spaced-apart locations,

each of said collector means including broadband collector receiver means for receiving said broadband composite signal with reverse channel communications from ones of said plurality of users, and

each of said collector means including collector forwarding means for forwarding, to said aggregator means, said user reverse channel communications from said ones of said plurality of users as collector reverse channel communications whereby said collector reverse channel communications are said corresponding reverse channel communications received by said aggregator means.

2. The communication system of claim 1 wherein ones of said user transmitter means broadcast in user zones that are substantially smaller than said broadcaster zone and wherein a plurality of said collector means are located within said user zones.

3. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said broadcaster transmitter is controllable for varying the transmission power for each of said broadcaster forward channels whereby the transmission power and broadcaster range for each broadcaster forward channel is individually controllable.

4. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said user transmitter for each user is controllable for varying the transmission power of said user reverse channels whereby the user range for each user is controllable for reaching a plurality of said collector means.

5. The communication system of claim 1 wherein each of said collector means includes measurement means for measuring parameters of said broadcaster signals.

6. The communication system of claim 1 wherein each of said collector means includes measurement means for measuring parameters of said composite signal to provide user parameters.

7. The communication system of claim 1 wherein each said collector means includes a digital signal processor for processing parameters of said signals.

8. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said collector forwarding means includes collector transmitter means for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with transmission characteristics that isolate the collector reverse channel communications from the user reverse channel communications.

9. The communication system of claim 8 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a wide-band transmitter and a narrow-beamwidth, high-gain antenna.

10. The communication system of claim 8 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a horizontally polarized transmitter antenna for horizontally polarizing the collector reverse channel communications and wherein said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users includes a vertically polarized user transmitter antenna for vertically polarizing the user reverse channel communications to isolate the user reverse channel communications from the collector reverse channel communications.

11. The communication system of claim 8 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a wide-band transmitter and a horizontally-polarized, narrow-beamwidth, high-gain transmitter antenna for horizontally polarizing the collector reverse channel communications and wherein said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users includes a vertically polarized user transmitter antenna for vertically polarizing the user reverse channel communications to isolate the user reverse channel communications from the collector reverse channel communications.

12. The communication system of claim 8 wherein said user reverse channel communications are within a user operating spectrum having isolation bands between user reverse channel communications and said collector transmitter means includes a transmitter for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with collector signals in said isolation bands.

13. The communication system of claim 8 wherein said user reverse channel communications are within a user operating spectrum and said collector transmitter means includes a transmitter for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with collector signals shifted to a collector operating spectrum distinct from said user operating spectrum.

14. The communication system of claim 13 wherein said collector transmitter means includes an analog shifter for shifting the user operating spectrum to said collector operating spectrum and an analog collector transmitter for transmitting collector signals in the collector operating spectrum.

15. The communication system of claim 13 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a digital shifter for shifting the user operating spectrum to said collector operating spectrum and a digital collector transmitter for transmitting collector signals in the collector operating spectrum.

16. The communication system of claim 8 wherein said collector transmitter means is a spread-spectrum transmitter transmitting over a transmitter spectrum and said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users has a user spectrum that is a portion of said transmitter spectrum.

17. The communication system of claim 8 wherein said collector transmitter means is a lime-division multiple access transmitter and said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users is a time-division multiple access transmitter.

18. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said forward channel communications and said reverse channel communications employ multiple access means.

19. The communication system of claim 18 wherein said multiple access means is code division multiple access means.

20. The communication system of claim 18 wherein said multiple access means is space-division multiple access means.

21. The communication system of claim 18 wherein said multiple access means is frequency-division multiple access means.

22. The communication system of claim 18 wherein said multiple access means is time-division multiple access means.

23. The communication system of claim 1 wherein particular user reverse channel communications broadcast from a particular user transmitter means are received by particular ones of said collector means and wherein said particular ones of said collector means each forwards particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said user reverse channel communications to said aggregator means and wherein said aggregator means includes aggregator processing means for processing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

24. The communication system of claim 23 wherein said aggregator processing means includes aggregator digital signal processor means for providing said aggregator reverse channel communications wherein the uncoded bit error rate for said aggregator reverse channel communications is enhanced over the uncoded bit error rate for said user reverse channel communications received at said particular ones of said collector means.

25. The communication system of claim 23 wherein said aggregator processing means includes aggregator digital signal processor means for processing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

26. The communication system of claim 25 wherein said aggregator digital signal processor means includes,

a digital signal processor,

synchronizing code executable by said digital signal processor for synchronizing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means,

locating means for processing reverse channel communications for a particular user from a plurality of collector means for determining the location of said particular user.

27. The communication system of claim 23 wherein said aggregator processing means includes selection means for selecting one of said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

28. The communication system of claim 27 wherein said selection means includes,

a digital signal processor,

synchronizing code executable by said digital signal processor for synchronizing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means;

measurement code executable by said digital signal processor for measuring said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to provide measured characteristics,

selecting code executable by said digital signal processor for selecting one of said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means based upon said measured characteristics.

29. The communication system of claim 23 wherein said aggregator processing means includes combining means for combining said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

30. The communication system of claim 29 wherein said combining means includes,

a digital signal processor,

synchronizing code executable by said digital signal processor for synchronizing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means;

measurement code executable by said digital signal processor for measuring said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to provide measured characteristics,

combining code executable by said digital signal processor for combining said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means for providing combined signals.

31. The communication system of claim 1 wherein a particular one of said users is mobile and travels from a first location in said broadcaster zone to a second location in said broadcaster zone, said transmitter means for said particular one of said users broadcasting particular user reverse channel communications and wherein,

at said first location, said particular user reverse channel communications are received by a first group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein each collector means of said first group of particular ones of said collector means forwards to said aggregator means first particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said particular user reverse channel communications;

at said second location, said particular user reverse channel communications are received by a second group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein each collector means of said second group of particular ones of said collector means forwards to said aggregator means second particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said particular user reverse channel communications;

said aggregator means receives said first and second particular collector reverse channel communications and includes aggregator processing means for processing said fast and second particular collector reverse channel communications to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

32. The communication system of claim 31 wherein said one or more of said collector means is common to said fast group and said second group.

33. The communication system of claim 31 wherein said user transmitter means for said particular one of said users broadcasts in a user zone that is substantially smaller than said broadcaster zone and that moves when said particular user moves from said first location to said second location and wherein, at said first location, said first group of particular ones of said collector means are located within said user zone and wherein, at said second location, said second group of particular ones of said collector means are located within said user zone.

34. The communication system of claim 31 wherein said broadcaster transmitter is controllable for varying the transmission power for each of said broadcaster forward channels whereby the transmission power and broadcaster range for each broadcaster forward channel is individually controllable, wherein when said particular user is at said first location a particular broadcaster forward channel has a first power level so that said broadcaster range extends to said first location and wherein when said particular user is at said second location said particular broadcaster forward channel has a second power level so that said broadcaster range extends to said second location.

35. The communication system of claim 31 wherein said user transmitter for said particular user is controllable for varying transmission power of a particular user reverse channel for said particular user whereby the user range for said particular user is controllable and wherein, when said particular user is at said first location, said particular user reverse channel has a first power level so that said user range extends to said first group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein, when said particular user is at said second location, said particular user reverse channel has a second power level so that said user range extends to said second group of particular ones of said collector means.

36. The communication system of claim 31 wherein said collector transmitter means is a transmitter for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with transmission characteristics that isolate the collector reverse channel communications from the user reverse channel communications.

37. A communication system for communicating between a network and a region with a plurality of network forward channel communications from the network and with a plurality of corresponding network reverse channel communications to the network, said system including,

zone manager means including,

broadcaster means for broadcasting said plurality of forward channel communications in a broadcaster zone, said broadcaster means including a broadcaster transmitter for transmitting in a plurality of broadcaster forward channels using broadband broadcaster signals,

aggregator means for receiving reverse channel communications and forwarding the received reverse channel communications as aggregator reverse channel communications to the network as said network reverse channel communications,

a plurality of users, each of said users including user receiver means for receiving a forward channel from said broadcaster signals and including user transmitter means for broadcasting user reverse channel communications in a user reverse channel whereby reverse channel communications from said plurality of users are in a plurality of user reverse channels collectively forming a broadband composite signal,

a plurality of collector means distributed over said broadcaster zone at spaced-apart locations, each collector means including broadband collector receiver means for receiving said broadband composite signal including reverse channel communications from ones of said users, and each collector means including collector forwarding means for forwarding user reverse channel communications as collector reverse channel communications to said aggregator means.

38. A communication system for communicating between a network and one or more regions with a plurality of network forward channel communications from the network and with a plurality of corresponding network reverse channel communications to the network, said system including,

one or more region manager means, one for each of said regions for controlling communications within a corresponding region,

for each particular region, a plurality of zone manager means for managing communications in a plurality of broadcaster zones, respectively, each zone manager means including for a corresponding broadcaster zone,

broadcaster means receiving said network forward channel communications from the region manager for the particular region and having a broadcaster transmitter for broadcasting corresponding forward channel communications using broadband broadcaster signals to form a plurality of broadcaster forward channels in said corresponding broadcaster zone,

aggregator means for receiving corresponding reverse channel communications for said corresponding broadcaster zone and forwarding the received corresponding reverse channel communications as aggregator reverse channel communications to the region manager for the particular region to form said network reverse channel communications,

for each broadcaster zone, a plurality of users,

each of said users including user receiver means for receiving a different forward channel from said broadcaster means and including user transmitter means for broadcasting user reverse channel communications in a different user reverse channel,

said plurality of users providing a plurality of different user reverse channels collectively as a broadband composite signal,

a plurality of collector arrays, one for each of said broadcaster zones, each of said collector arrays including for said corresponding broadcaster zone,

a plurality of collector means distributed over said corresponding broadcaster zone at spaced-apart locations,

each of said collector means including broadband collector receiver means for receiving said broadband composite signal with reverse channel communications from ones of said plurality of users, and

each of said collector means including collector forwarding means for forwarding, to said aggregator means, said user reverse channel communications from said ones of said plurality of users as collector reverse channel communications whereby said collector reverse channel communications are said corresponding reverse channel communications received by said aggregator means.

39. The communication system of claim 38 wherein, for a particular broadcaster zone, ones of said user transmitter means broadcast in user zones that are substantially smaller than said broadcaster zone and wherein a plurality of said collector means are located within said user zones.

40. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said broadcaster transmitter is controllable for varying the transmission power for each of said broadcaster forward channels whereby the transmission power and broadcaster range for each broadcaster forward channel is individually controllable.

41. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said user transmitter for each user is controllable for varying the transmission power of said user reverse channels whereby the user range for each user is controllable for reaching a plurality of said collector means.

42. The communication system of claim 38 wherein each of said collector means includes measurement means for measuring parameters of said broadcaster signals.

43. The communication system of claim 38 wherein each of said collector means includes measurement means for measuring parameters of said composite signal to provide user parameters.

44. The communication system of claim 38 wherein each said collector means includes a digital signal processor for processing parameters of said signals.

45. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said collector forwarding means includes collector transmitter means for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with transmission characteristics that isolate the collector reverse channel communications from the user reverse channel communications.

46. The communication system of claim 45 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a wide-band transmitter and a narrow-beamwidth, high-gain antenna.

47. The communication system of claim 45 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a horizontally polarized transmitter antenna for horizontally polarizing the collector reverse channel communications and wherein said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users includes a vertically polarized user transmitter antenna for vertically polarizing the user reverse channel communications to isolate the user reverse channel communications from the collector reverse channel communications.

48. The communication system of claim 45 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a wide-band transmitter and a horizontally-polarized, narrow-beamwidth, high-gain transmitter antenna for horizontally polarizing the collector reverse channel communications and wherein said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users includes a vertically polarized user transmitter antenna for vertically polarizing the user reverse channel communications to isolate the user reverse channel communications from the collector reverse channel communications.

49. The communication system of claim 45 wherein said user reverse channel communications are within a user operating spectrum having isolation bands between user reverse channel communications and said collector transmitter means includes a transmitter for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with collector signals in said isolation bands.

50. The communication system of claim 45 wherein said user reverse channel communications are within a user operating spectrum and said collector transmitter means includes a transmitter for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with collector signals shifted to a collector operating spectrum distinct from said user operating spectrum.

51. The communication system of claim 50 wherein said collector transmitter means includes an analog shifter for shifting the user operating spectrum to said collector operating spectrum and an analog collector transmitter for transmitting collector signals in the collector operating spectrum.

52. The communication system of claim 50 wherein said collector transmitter means includes a digital shifter for shifting the user operating spectrum to said collector operating spectrum and a digital collector transmitter for transmitting collector signals in the collector operating spectrum.

53. The communication system of claim 45 wherein said collector transmitter means is a spread-spectrum transmitter transmitting over a transmitter spectrum and said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users has a user spectrum that is a portion of said transmitter spectrum.

54. The communication system of claim 45 wherein said collector transmitter means is a time-division multiple access transmitter and said user transmitter means for each of said plurality of users is a time-division multiple access transmitter.

55. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said forward channel communications and said reverse channel communications employ multiple access means.

56. The communication system of claim 55 wherein said multiple access means is code division multiple access means.

57. The communication system of claim 55 wherein said multiple access means is space-division multiple access means.

58. The communication system of claim 55 wherein said multiple access means is frequency-division multiple access means.

59. The communication system of claim 55 wherein said multiple access means is time-division multiple access means.

60. The communication system of claim 38 wherein particular user reverse channel communications broadcast from a particular user transmitter means are received by particular ones of said collector means and wherein said particular ones of said collector means each forwards particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said user reverse channel communications to said aggregator means and wherein said aggregator means includes aggregator processing means for processing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

61. The communication system of claim 60 wherein said aggregator processing means includes aggregator digital signal processor means for processing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

62. The communication system of claim 61 wherein said aggregator digital signal processor means includes,

a digital signal processor,

synchronizing code executable by said digital signal processor for synchronizing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means,

locating means for processing reverse channel communications for a particular user from a plurality of collector means for determining the location of said particular user.

63. The communication system of claim 60 wherein said aggregator processing means includes selection means for selecting one of said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

64. The communication system of claim 63 wherein said selection means includes,

a digital signal processor,

synchronizing code executable by said digital signal processor for synchronizing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means;

measurement code executable by said digital signal processor for measuring said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to provide measured characteristics,

selecting code executable by said digital signal processor for selecting one of said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means based upon said measured characteristics.

65. The communication system of claim 60 wherein said aggregator processing means includes combining means for combining said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

66. The communication system of claim 65 wherein said combining means includes,

a digital signal processor,

synchronizing code executable by said digital signal processor for synchronizing said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means;

measurement code executable by said digital signal processor for measuring said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means to provide measured characteristics,

combining code executable by said digital signal processor for combining said particular collector reverse channel communications from said particular ones of said collector means for providing combined signals.

67. The communication system of claim 38 wherein a particular one of said users is mobile and travels from a first location in said broadcaster zone to a second location in said broadcaster zone, said transmitter means for said particular one of said users broadcasting particular user reverse channel communications and wherein,

at said first location, said particular user reverse channel communications are received by a fast group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein each collector means of said first group of particular ones of said collector means forwards to said aggregator means first particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said particular user reverse channel communications;

at said second location, said particular user reverse channel communications are received by a second group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein each collector means of said second group of particular ones of said collector means forwards to said aggregator means second particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said particular user reverse channel communications;

said aggregator means receives said first and second particular collector reverse channel communications and includes aggregator processing means for processing said first and second particular collector reverse channel communications to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

68. The communication system of claim 67 wherein said one or more of said collector means is common to said first group and said second group.

69. The communication system of claim 67 wherein said user transmitter means for said particular one of said users broadcast in a user zone that is substantially smaller than said broadcaster zone and that moves when said particular user moves from said first location to said second location and wherein, at said first location, said first group of particular ones of said collector means are located within said user zone and wherein, at said second location, said second group of particular ones of said collector means are located within said user zone.

70. The communication system of claim 67 wherein said broadcaster transmitter is controllable for varying the transmission power for each of said broadcaster forward channels whereby the transmission power and broadcaster range for each broadcaster forward channel is individually controllable, wherein when said particular user is at said first location a particular broadcaster forward channel has a first power level so that said broadcaster range extends to said first location and wherein when said particular user is at said second location said particular broadcaster forward channel has a second power level so that said broadcaster range extends to said second location.

71. The communication system of claim 67 wherein said user transmitter for said particular user is controllable for varying transmission power of a particular user reverse channel for said particular user whereby the user range for said particular user is controllable and wherein, when said particular user is at said first location, said particular user reverse channel has a first power level so that said user range extends to said first group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein, when said particular user is at said second location, said particular user reverse channel has a second power level so that said user range extends to said second group of particular ones of said collector means.

72. The communication system of claim 67 wherein said collector transmitter means is a transmitter for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with transmission characteristics that isolate the collector reverse channel communications from the user reverse channel communications.

73. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said zone manager means includes control means for assigning a broadcaster forward channel and a user reverse channel for a particular user under control of said region manager.

74. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said region manager means includes means for assigning forward channels and reverse channels with a reuse pattern.

75. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said region manager means stores a fixed reuse pattern and said zone manager means includes control means for assigning a broadcaster forward channel and a user reverse channel for a particular user according to said fixed reuse pattern under control of said region manager.

76. The communication system of claim 38 wherein said region manager means includes dynamic control means for dynamic channel allocation and wherein said zone manager means includes control means for assigning a broadcaster forward channel and a user reverse channel for a particular user according to said dynamic channel allocation under control of said region manager.

77. The communication system of claim 76 wherein said region manager means includes a history data base and wherein said dynamic control means executes said dynamic channel allocation as a function of data from said history data base.

78. The communication system of claim 77 wherein said region manager means includes location means and means for updating said history data base with location data from said location means.

79. The communication system of claim 76 wherein said region manager means includes movement means for determining the direction and speed of a particular user and wherein said dynamic control means executes said dynamic channel allocation as a function of the direction and speed of said particular user.

80. The communication system of claim 38 wherein a particular user is one of said users and travels from a first one of said broadcaster zones to a second one of said broadcaster zones and wherein said region manager includes control means for assigning a first broadcaster forward channel and a first user reverse channel for said particular one of said users for said first zone and for assigning a second broadcaster forward channel and a second user reverse channel for said particular one of said users for said second zone.

81. The communication system of claim 38 wherein a particular one of said users is mobile and travels from a first one of said broadcaster zones to a second one of said broadcaster zones and wherein,

said plurality of collector arrays include,

a first collector array corresponding to said lust broadcaster zone having a plurality of first collector means for providing a plurality of first user signals from said user reverse channel communications of said particular user, and

a second collector array corresponding to said second broadcaster zone having a plurality of second collector means for providing a plurality of second user signals from said user reverse channel communications of said particular user,

said plurality of zone manager means includes,

a first one of said zone manager means for said first broadcaster zone including a first one of said aggregator means for receiving and processing said plurality of first user signals to form a first aggregated signal,

a second one of said zone manager means for said second broadcaster zone including a second one of said aggregator means for receiving and processing said plurality of second user signals to form a second aggregated signal,

said one or more region manager means includes,

a first one of said region manager means for a region including said first broadcaster zone and said second broadcaster zone, said region manager means including,

control means for assigning a first forward channel and a first reverse channel for said particular user in said first broadcaster zone and for assigning a second forward channel and a second reverse channel for said particular user in said second broadcaster zone,

means for receiving said first and second aggregated signals,

means for controlling the handoff said particular user from said fast forward channel and said fast reverse channel to said second forward channel and said second reverse channel as a function of said fast and second aggregated signals.

82. The communication system of claim 81 wherein said means for controlling the handoff includes means for sensing the strength of said fast and second aggregated signals and for permitting said handoff to occur when the strength of said second aggregated signal is greater than the strength of said fast aggregated signal.

83. The communication system of claim 81 wherein said region manager means includes location means for determining the location of said particular user and said means for controlling the handoff includes means for sensing the strength of said first and second aggregated signals and for determining when said handoff occurs as a function of the strength of said fast and second aggregated signals and the location of said particular user.

84. The communication system of claim 81 wherein said region manager means includes a history data base for storing location data representing signal strengths as a function of location and said means for controlling the handoff determines when said handoff occurs as a function of the location of said particular user and data from said history data base.

85. The communication system of claim 84 wherein said region manager means includes means for updating said history data base with location data from said location means.

86. The communication system of claim 81 wherein said region manager means includes movement means for determining the direction and speed of said particular user and for determining when said handoff occurs as a function of the direction and speed of said particular user.

87. The communication system of claim 38 wherein a particular one of said users is mobile and travels from a first one of said broadcaster zones to a second one of said broadcaster zones among one or more additional broadcaster zones of said broadcaster zones and wherein,

said plurality of collector arrays include,

a first collector array corresponding to said first broadcaster zone having a plurality of first collector means for providing a plurality of first user signals from said user reverse channel communications of said particular user, and

one or more additional collector arrays corresponding to said one or more additional broadcaster zones each having a plurality of one or more additional collector means for providing a plurality of one or more additional user signals from said user reverse channel communications of said particular user,

said one or more additional collector arrays including a second collector array corresponding to said second broadcaster zone having a plurality of second collector means for providing a plurality of second user signals from said user reverse channel communications of said particular user,

said plurality of zone manager means includes,

a first one of said zone manager means for said first broadcaster zone including a first one of said aggregator means for receiving and processing said plurality of first user signals to form a first aggregated signal,

one or more additional ones of said zone manager means for said one or more additional broadcaster zones including one or more additional ones of said aggregator means for receiving and processing said plurality of one or more additional user signals to form one or more additional aggregated signals,

said one or more additional ones of said zone manager means including a second one of said zone manager means for said second broadcaster zone including a second one of said aggregator means for receiving and processing said plurality of second user signals to form a second aggregated signal,

said one or more region manager means includes,

a first one of said region manager means for a region including said first broadcaster zone and one or more additional broadcaster zones including said second broadcaster zone, said region manager means including,

control means for assigning a first forward channel and a first reverse channel for said particular user in said first broadcaster zone and for assigning a second forward channel and a second reverse channel for said particular user in said second broadcaster zone,

means for receiving said first and said one or more additional aggregated signals including said second aggregated signal,

means for controlling the handoff said particular user from said first forward channel and said first reverse channel to said second forward channel and said second reverse channel as a function of said first and said one or more additional aggregated signals including said second aggregated signal.

88. The communication system of claim 87 wherein said means for controlling the handoff includes means for sensing the strength of said first and said one or more additional aggregated signals and for selecting said second aggregated signal from among said one or more additional aggregated signals and for permitting said handoff to occur when the strength of said second aggregated signal is greater than the strength of said first aggregated signal.

89. The communication system of claim 87 wherein said region manager means includes location means for determining the location of said particular user and said means for controlling the handoff includes means for sensing the strength of said first and said one or more additional aggregated signals and for selecting said second aggregated signal from among said one or more additional aggregated signals and for determining when said handoff occurs as a function of the strength of said first and second aggregated signals and the location of said particular user.

90. The communication system of claim 87 wherein said region manager means includes location means for determining the location of said particular user and said means for controlling the handoff includes means for signaling particular ones of said zone manager means to be active to sense reverse channel communications from said particular user based upon the proximity of said user to said particular zone managers.

91. The communication system of claim 90 wherein said region manager means includes a history data base for storing location data representing signal strengths as a function of location and said means for controlling the handoff determines when said handoff occurs as a function of the location of said particular user and data from said history data base.

92. The communication system of claim 87 wherein said region manager means includes means for updating said history data base with location data from said location means.

93. The communication system of claim 81 wherein said region manager means includes movement means for determining the direction and speed of said particular user and for determining when said hand off occurs as a function of the direction and speed of said particular user.

94. The communication system of claim 38 wherein a particular one of said users is mobile and travels from a first location in one of said broadcaster zones to a second location in said one of said broadcaster zones, said transmitter means for said particular one of said users broadcasting particular user reverse channel communications and wherein,

at said fast location, said particular user reverse channel communications are received by a fast group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein each collector means of said fast group of particular ones of said collector means forwards to said aggregator means fast particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said particular user reverse channel communications;

at said second location, said particular user reverse channel communications are received by a second group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein each collector means of said second group of particular ones of said collector means forwards to said aggregator means second particular collector reverse channel communications corresponding to said particular user reverse channel communications;

said aggregator means receives said lust and second particular collector reverse channel communications and includes aggregator processing means for processing said fast and second particular collector reverse channel communications to form said aggregator reverse channel communications as a representation of said user reverse channel communications.

95. The communication system of claim 94 wherein said one or more of said collector means is common to said first group and said second group.

96. The communication system of claim 94 wherein said user transmitter means for said particular one of said users broadcast in a user zone that is substantially smaller than said one of said broadcaster zones and that moves when said particular user moves from said first location to said second location and wherein, at said first location, said first group of particular ones of said collector means are located within said user zone and wherein, at said second location, said second group of particular ones of said collector means are located within said user zone.

97. The communication system of claim 94 wherein said broadcaster transmitter is controllable for varying the transmission power for each of said broadcaster forward channels whereby the transmission power and broadcaster range for each broadcaster forward channel is individually controllable, wherein when said particular user is at said first location a particular broadcaster forward channel has a first power level so that said broadcaster range extends to said fast location and wherein when said particular user is at said second location said particular broadcaster forward channel has a second power level so that said broadcaster range extends to said second location.

98. The communication system of claim 94 wherein said user transmitter for said particular user is controllable for varying transmission power of a particular user reverse channel for said particular user whereby the user range for said particular user is controllable and wherein, when said particular user is at said fast location, said particular user reverse channel has a first power level so that said user range extends to said first group of particular ones of said collector means and wherein, when said particular user is at said second location, said particular user reverse channel has a second power level so that said user range extends to said second group of particular ones of said collector means.

99. The communication system of claim 94 wherein said collector forwarding means is a transmitter for transmitting said collector reverse channel communications with transmission characteristics that isolate the collector reverse channel communications from the user reverse channel communications.

100. A communication system for communicating between a network and a region with a plurality of network forward channel communications from the network and with a plurality of corresponding network reverse channel communications to the network, said system including,

region manager means for controlling communications within said region,

a plurality of zone manager means for managing communications in a plurality of broadcaster zones, respectively, each zone manager means including for

a corresponding broadcaster zone,

broadcaster means receiving said network forward channel communications from the region manager and having a broadcaster transmitter for broadcasting corresponding forward channel communications using broadband broadcaster signals to form a plurality of broadcaster forward channels in said corresponding broadcaster zone,

aggregator means for receiving corresponding reverse channel communications for said corresponding broadcaster zone and forwarding the received corresponding reverse channel communications as aggregator reverse channel communications to the region manager to form said network reverse channel communications,

for each broadcaster zone, a plurality of users, wherein

particular ones of said users are mobile and travel from one of said broadcaster zones to another one of said broadcaster zones,

each of said users includes user receiver means for receiving a different forward channel from said broadcaster means and including user transmitter means for broadcasting user reverse channel communications in a different user reverse channel,

said plurality of users providing a plurality of different user reverse channels collectively as a broadband composite signal,

a plurality of collector arrays, one for each of said broadcaster zones, each of said collector arrays including for said corresponding broadcaster zone,

a plurality of collector means distributed over said corresponding broadcaster zone at spaced-apart locations,

each of said collector means including broadband collector receiver means for receiving said broadband composite signal with reverse channel communications from ones of said plurality of users, and

each of said collector means including collector forwarding means for forwarding, to said aggregator means, said user reverse channel communications from said ones of said plurality of users as collector reverse channel communications where said collector reverse channel communications are said corresponding reverse channel communications received by said aggregator means.

101. The communication system of claim 100 wherein said collector means are located with non-uniform spacing.

102. The communication system of claim 100 wherein said collector means are located with different heights.

103. The communication system of claim 100 wherein said users in a particular one of said broadcaster zones are located more densely in a first area and less densely in a second area and wherein a greater number of said collector means are located within said first area than in said second area.

104. The communication system of claim 100 wherein said region manager means includes means for dynamically assigning forward channels and reverse channels.

105. The communication system of claim 100 wherein said region manager means includes means for assigning forward channels and reverse channels with a reuse pattern.

106. A communication system having a plurality of forward channel communications and a plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications comprising,

for zone manager means,

broadcasting, with a broadcaster means having a broadcaster transmitter, said plurality of forward channel communications using broadband broadcaster signals to form a plurality of broadcaster forward channels in a broadcaster zone,

receiving, with aggregator means, said plurality of corresponding reverse channel communications;

for a plurality of users in said broadcaster zone,

for each of said users,

receiving, with user receiver means, a different forward channel from said broadcaster means, and

broadcasting, with user transmitter means, user reverse channel communications in a different user reverse channel,

said broadcasting for a plurality of users providing a plurality of different user reverse channels collectively as a broadband composite signal,

for each of a plurality of collector means distributed over said broadcaster zone at spaced-apart locations,

receiving, with broadband collector receiver means, said broadband composite signal with reverse channel communications from ones of said plurality of users, and

forwarding to said aggregator means, with collector forwarding means, said user reverse channel communications from said ones of said plurality of users as collector reverse channel communications whereby said collector reverse channel communications are said corresponding reverse channel communications received by said aggregator means.

107. The communication system of claim 106 wherein ones of said user transmitter means broadcast in user zones that are substantially smaller than said broadcaster zone and wherein a plurality of said collector means are located within said user zones.

108. The communication system of claim 106 further including varying the transmission power for each of said broadcaster forward channels whereby the transmission power and broadcaster range for each broadcaster forward channel is individually controllable.

109. The communication system of claim 106 further including varying the transmission power of said user reverse channels whereby the user range for each user is controllable for reaching a plurality of said collector means.

110. The communication system of claim 106 further includes measuring, in each of said collector means, parameters of said broadcaster signals.

111. The communication system of claim 106 further includes measuring, in each of said collector means, parameters of said composite signal to provide user parameters.