Jerk-resistant drawer operating system

• US 5,716,114 A
• Filed: 06/07/1996
• Issued: 02/10/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Carefusion 303 Incorporated (Becton, Dickinson & Co)
• Original Assignee: Pyxis Corp. (Cardinal Health, Inc.)
• Inventors: Williams, David R., Holmes, William K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cuomo, Peter M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Anderson, Gerald A.
• Application Number:
  US08/659,945
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• Field of Search: 312/215, 312/222, 312/333, 312/237, 312/334.44, 312/223.1
• US Class Current: 312/215
• CPC Class Codes: E05B 2047/0054 using microprocessor, printed circuits, or the like
• CPC Class Codes: E05B 2047/0067 Monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: E05B 47/0002 with electromagnets
• CPC Class Codes: E05B 47/0607 the detent moving pivotally or rotatively
• CPC Class Codes: E05B 65/462 for two or more drawers
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 11/62 in which the articles are stored in compartments in fixed receptacles
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 17/0092 for assembling and dispensing of pharmaceutical articles medical dispensers for private use, A61J7/00

Abstract

A drawer operating system for controlling a drawer having a sliding direction, the drawer defined by a front end and a rear end and partitioned by walls into a plurality of bins consecutive with one another along the sliding direction for holding various dispensable items, the drawer housed in a cabinet and arranged to move between a closed position and graduated, progressively open positions to allow access to one or more bins and the contents stored therein, the system including a linear encoder for monitoring the position and direction of movement of the drawer, including the length of opening the drawer on its preceding excursion, and for producing a plurality of electronic signals specific to the position and movement of the drawer, a drawer stop device arranged between the drawer and the cabinet, a controller for receipt of the electronic signals, and an electric solenoid, including a spring-loaded plunger slidingly mounted therein, for activation by the controller, after the beginning of the drawer-opening sequence, and during translational movement along the drawer stop device to drive a trigger attached thereto into contact with the drawer stop device to prevent the drawer from being manually opened beyond a certain distance out from the cabinet wherein a bin containing the items to be withdrawn is exposed.

Claims

1. A drawer operating system for controlling a drawer having a sliding direction, said drawer defined by a front end and a rear end and partitioned by walls into a plurality of bins consective with one another along the sliding direction for holding various dispensable items, said drawer housed in a cabinet and arranged to move between a closed position and graduated, progressively open positions to allow access to one or more bins and the contents stored therein, said system comprising:

a) a linear encoder for monitoring the position and direction of movement of said drawer, including the length of opening said drawer on its preceding excursion, and for producing a plurality of electronic signals specific to the position and movement of said drawer;

b) drawer stop means arranged between said drawer and said cabinet;

c) a controller for receipt of said electronic signals; and

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d) an electronic solenoid, including a spring-loaded plunger slidingly mounted therein, for activation by said controller, after the beginning of the drawer-opening sequence, and during translational movement along said drawer stop means to drive a trigger attached thereto into contact with said drawer stop means to prevent said drawer from being manually opened beyond a certain distance out from said cabinet wherein a bin containing the items to be withdrawn is exposed.

2. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said linear encoder produces signals for determining the instantaneous position of said drawer at any time.

3. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said linear encoder produces signals for determining the instantaneous velocity of said drawer during manual opening thereof.

4. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said linear encoder produces signals for determining the rate of acceleration of said drawer during manual opening thereof.

5. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said linear encoder produces signals for determining the rate of change of acceleration of said drawer during manual opening thereof and, upon determination of a rate of change in excess of a certain value, signalling said controller to activate said drawer stop means to immediately prevent further opening of said drawer.

6. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said linear encoder includes:

a) a first plurality of radiation reflective and nonreflective areas formed in aligned and consecutive alternating order;

b) a radiation source arranged apart from said areas to provide a beam of radiation for striking said reflective and non-reflective area in consecutive order during translational motion between said drawer and said cabinet; and

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c) a radiation receiver arranged apart from said radiation source to receive a portion of the radiation beam reflected from said first reflective areas during translational motion between said drawer and said cabinet.

7. The drawer operating system of claim 6 wherein said linear encoder further includes:

a) a second plurality of radiation reflective and nonreflective areas formed in aligned and consecutive alternating order and not in alignment with said first plurality of areas;

b) a radiation source arranged apart from second areas to provide a beam of radiation for striking said reflective and non-reflective areas of said second strip in consecutive order during translational motion between said drawer and said cabinet; and

,

c) a radiation receiver arranged apart from said radiation source to receive a portion of the radiation beam reflected from said second reflective areas during translational motion between said drawer and said cabinet.

8. The drawer operating system of claim 6 wherein said first plurality of areas are formed on a strip attached to said cabinet adjacent said drawer and said first radiation source and first radiation receiver are mounted on said drawer.

9. The drawer operating system of claim 6 wherein said second plurality of areas are formed on a strip attached to said cabinet adjacent said drawer and said second radiation source and second radiation receiver are mounted on said drawer.

10. The drawer operating system of claim 6 wherein said first plurality of areas are formed on a strip attached to said drawer adjacent said cabinet and said first radiation source and first radiation receiver are mounted on said cabinet.

11. The drawer operating system of claim 6 wherein said second plurality of areas are formed on a strip attached to said drawer adjacent said cabinet and said second radiation source and second radiation receiver are mounted on said cabinet.

12. The drawer operating system of claim 6 wherein said first and second reflective and non-reflective areas are formed on strips and are set in spaced-apart arrangement and said drawer stop means comprises a plurality of cross-arms set in consecutive order between said first and second strips for contact with said trigger to halt the movement of said drawer during manual opening thereof.

13. The drawer operating system of claim 12 wherein said strips and said cross-arms are formed on a thin piece of metal and fastened to the surface on which said drawer slides.

14. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said drawer stop means is mounted to said cabinet.

15. The drawer operating system of claim 14 wherein said array is selected from the group consisting of four drawers, six drawers, nine drawers and eighteen drawers.

16. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said solenoid and said trigger are mounted to said cabinet.

17. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said solenoid and said trigger are mounted to said drawer.

18. The drawer operating system of claim 1 further including a plurality of drawers housed in an array in a cabinet, each drawer arranged to move independently between a closed position and graduated, progressively opened positions to allow access to one or more bins and the contents stored therein.

19. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said drawer stop means is mounted to said drawer.

20. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said system is located at the rear of the drawer.

21. The drawer operating system of claim 1 further including a bolt for moving said drawer from its fully closed position to a partially open position, at the beginning activation of said drawer operating sequence, to provide a visual indication to the user as to which drawer is openable to expose the contents therein.

22. The drawer operating system of claim 1 wherein said controller includes means to receive signals from said linear encoder to determine the rate of change of acceleration of said drawer as it is started to be opened so that, should such rate of change of acceleration exceed a preset value, said controller will activate said solenoid to immediately stop said drawer from further opening.

23. The drawer operating system of claim 1 further including a monolithic container having a plurality of consecutively formed bins formed therein for insertion and locking into said drawer to provide the bins for holding the items to be dispensed.

24. A drawer operating system for controlling a drawer having a sliding direction, said system including a plurality of drawers housed in a cabinet, each said drawer defined by a front portion partitioned by walls into a plurality of bins consecutive with one another along the sliding direction for holding various dispensable items, formed therein for holding at least one pharmaceutical supply in each said bin, said drawer housed in a secure cabinet and arranged to move between a closed position and graduated, progressively open positions to allow access to one or more bins and the contents stored therein, said system comprising:

a) means for locating a drawer in the cabinet carrying the desired supply and causing said drawer to be unlocked from its secure position in the cabinet and moved open a short distance to indicate to the user that said drawer is the appropriate drawer for extracting the supply therefrom; and

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b) drawer stop means arranged between the drawer and the cabinet and activated by said drawer locating means to allow the drawer to be manually pulled open a distance allowing access to the bins previously emptied of supplies and the first bin carrying supplies to be extracted therefrom;

c) said locating means comprising a controller that includes a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and other computer sub-components that operate in conjunction with a software program, to initiate, control and terminate the opening of drawer, the extent to which it is allowed to be pulled open and to lock the drawer in the cabinet when the drawer is pushed closed in the cabinet.

25. The drawer of claim 24 further including a portion housing an and attached at the rear of said front portion and attached to said front portion by a hook extending from one said portion and received in a hook-receiving aperture formed in the other said portion so that said front portion can be disengaged therefrom and loaded with fresh supplies remote from the cabinet.

26. The drawer operating system of claim 24 wherein said bins are formed from a plurality of upstanding walls transversely arranged across the length of said container and integral therewith.

27. The drawer operating system of claim 24 including means for locking said second, engine-containing portion in the cabinet against movement outward or inward following disengagement of said first portion from said second portion.

28. The drawer operating system of claim 24 wherein said means, for locking said second, engine-containing portion in the cabinet against movement outward or inward following disengagement of said first portion from said second portion, include a latch pivotally mounted in said drawer and arranged to engage a first surface, mounted in the cabinet, to prevent further outward movement, and wherein said latch is further arranged to engage a second surface, mounted in the cabinet, to prevent further inward movement.

29. The drawer operating system of claim 28 wherein said first and said second surfaces are formed on a plate that is mounted in the cabinet and wherein said latch is spring-biased to a first position wherein it will engage both said first and said second surfaces when said first portion is disengaged from said second portion.

30. The drawer operating system of claim 24 further including a first shaft arranged parallel to said path of movement of said drawers, and having a portion thereof exiting the rear of said drawer and contacting a wall in the cabinet, said shaft having a first spring associated therewith urging said shaft rearward upon drawer closing to cushion the jarring effect of closing said drawer and to store potential energy for use in pushing said drawer partially out of the cabinet upon being unlocked from storage therein.

31. The drawer operating system of claim 30 further including a second spring held in partially compressed arrangement for retaining a drawer locking mechanism in a locked position.

32. The drawer operating system of claim 24 further including a second shaft, arranged parallel to said path of movement of said drawers, and connected to a trigger for engaging a cross-arm mounted outside the drawer, to lock said drawer in secure storage in the cabinet, and held in a locked position by a lever pivotally mounted in said second drawer portion.

33. The drawer operating system of claim 24 including a first shaft and a second shaft, both arranged parallel to said path of movement of said drawer and in spaced-apart arrangement with each other and interconnected by a lever and held in a jammed condition therebetween.

34. The drawer operating system of claim 24 further including a pin mounted on a moveable surface in the cabinet and arranged to extend forward into contact with said drawer to prevent further rearward movement of said drawer after said drawer is closed in the cabinet, said pin displaceable, by movement of said surface, to a new position aligned with an aperture to allow further rearward movement of said drawer, so that said drawer may be moved further inward said cabinet to cause unlocking thereof and subsequent movement forward into a fully opened condition.

35. The process of controlling the opening and closing of an elongated drawer, housed in a cabinet, said drawer defined by a front end and a rear end and sub-divided into a plurality of consecutively spaced bins for holding material therein, and arrange to move between a fully closed position and a plurality of progressively open position, comprising the steps of:

a) maintaining the drawer in a fully closed and locked position;

b) tracking the length of opening of the drawer on its immediately preceding excursion;

c) receiving coded information concerning the particular item needed and information as to the party entering the information;

d) unlocking the drawer, upon receipt of appropriate coded information, to allow the drawer to be manually pulled open a distance to expose the material contained therein at least one bin;

e) stopping further movement of the drawer when the appropriate bin has been exposed from the cabinet;

f) removing the stopping action of the drawer to allow it to be manually closed in the cabinet; and

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g) locking the drawer in the cabinet upon manual shutting thereof.

36. The process of claim 35 further including the step of determining the rate of change of acceleration of the drawer as it is being opened, and stopping further outward movement of the drawer when said rate of change of acceleration of the drawer exceeds limits programmed into the system.

37. The process of claim 35 wherein the step of unlocking the drawer includes the additional step of partially opening the drawer to provide an indication that the drawer is further openable.

38. The process of claim 35 wherein the step of unlocking the drawer includes the additional step of controlling the drawer so that it is openable a distance in excess of the distance it traveled on its immediately preceding excursion.