Staring IR-FPA with dither-locked frame circuit

• US 5,717,208 A
• Filed: 05/30/1996
• Issued: 02/10/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: HE Holdings, Inc. (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Woolaway, James T. II
• Primary Examiner(s): Glick, Edward J.
• Application Number:
  US08/655,425
• Time in Patent Office: 621 Days
• Field of Search: 250/332, 250/334, 250/370.08, 250/208.1
• US Class Current: 250/332
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/101 with both horizontal and vertical deflecting means, e.g. raster or XY scanners colour television using laser beams scanning a display screen H04N9/3129
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/1465 of the hybrid type
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/48 Increasing resolution by shifting the sensor relative to the scene
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/674 based on the scene itself, e.g. defocusing
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/33 Transforming infrared radiation cameras or camera modules for generating image signals from infrared radiation H04N23/20; circuitry of SSIS for transforming infrared radiation into image signals H04N25/20

Abstract

An improved imaging technique is disclosed wherein an output from an IR-FPA (16) corresponds to image motion, wherein a scene image stays correlated with the IR-FPA readout, and wherein non-uniformities (e.g., fixed pattern spatial noise) are uncorrelated from frame to frame. The uncorrelated fixed pattern spatial noise is identified and removed by a signal processor, such as a SB-NUC block (24). The scene image is scanned over the IR-FPA by a dither mirror (14) in synchronism with the movement of a frame of pixels (17) on the IR-FPA. Electronics (16a, 16b, 30, 32, 34) are included on the IR-FPA for controlling the scanning and read out of pixels within a currently selected frame.

Claims

1. An imaging system, comprising:

an entrance aperture for admitting electromagnetic radiation conveying an image of a scene;

a radiation detector array comprised of a plurality of pixels;

a mirror interposed between said entrance aperture and said array for directing the electromagnetic radiation to said pixels;

means for effecting a movement of said mirror with respect to said pixels for moving said scene image from a first selected plurality of pixels to a second selected plurality of pixels and for reading out signals from a currently selected plurality of pixels, the signals resulting at least in part from a detection by the currently selected plurality of pixels of the electromagnetic radiation that conveys the scene image; and

means, having an input coupled to an output of said radiation detector array, for processing said signals to reduce an effect of array fixed pattern spatial noise;

wherein

said radiation detector array is comprised of circuitry for defining a boundary of the currently selected plurality of pixels and for controlling a readout of the signals from within the boundary of the currently selected plurality of pixels.

2. An imaging system as set forth in claim 1, and further comprising control means having outputs for specifying a pointing direction of said mirror, for specifying a location of a selected plurality of said pixels relative to a specified mirror pointing direction, and for specifying a location of the selected plurality of pixels to said processing means.

3. An imaging system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said processing means is comprised of means for executing a scene based non-uniformity correction on said signals.

4. An imaging system as set forth in claim 1, and further comprising means for focussing said electromagnetic radiation onto said mirror.

5. An imaging system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said scene image is moved in integer pixel increments.

6. An imaging system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said scene image is moved in fractional pixel increments.

7. An imaging system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said scene image is moved in a repeating pattern over said plurality of pixels of said array.

8. An imaging system as set forth in claim 7, wherein said repeating pattern is a Lissajous pattern.

9. An imaging system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said circuitry is comprised of a counter for generating radiation detector array row and column counts and means for adding an offset value to said row and column counts, the offset value being indicative of a location of the currently selected plurality of pixels.

10. An IR radiation imaging system, comprising:

an entrance aperture for admitting IR radiation conveying an image of a scene;

an IR-FPA comprised of rows and columns of pixels;

a mirror interposed between said entrance aperture and said IR-FPA for directing the IR radiation to said pixels;

control means having a first output for specifying a pointing direction of said mirror with respect to said pixels, said first output causing said pointing direction to change for moving said scene image over said IR-FPA in a predetermined pattern;

said IR-FPA comprising circuitry for specifying the location and boundaries of a frame of pixels as a function of said control means first output and for reading out signals from pixels within the frame, the signals comprising a first desired component representing a detection by the pixels within the frame of the IR radiation that conveys the scene image, and a second, undesired component that includes fixed pattern spatial noise; and

scene based non-uniformity correction means, having a first input coupled to an output of said IR-FPA and a second input coupled to a second output of said control means, for processing said signals to substantially eliminate said fixed pattern spatial noise.

11. An imaging system as set forth in claim 10, and further comprising means for focussing said IR radiation onto said mirror.

12. An imaging system as set forth in claim 10, wherein both said scene image and said frame are moved in synchronism in integer pixel increments.

13. An imaging system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said frame is moved in synchronism with said scene image, said frame being moved in integer pixel increments and said scene image being moved in fractional pixel increments.

14. An imaging system as set forth in claim 10, wherein said predetermined pattern is a Lissajous pattern.

15. An imaging system as set forth in claim 10, wherein said IR-FPA circuitry is comprised of a counter for generating row and column counts and means for adding an offset value to said row and column counts, the offset value being obtained from said first output of said control means.

16. A method for operating an IR imaging system, comprising the steps of:

scanning an image of a scene over a radiation receiving surface of an IR-FPA in a predetermined pattern;

reading out IR radiation-induced signals from a frame of IR-FPA pixels within a larger pixel field, the signals being read out of a frame of pixels whose position is moved in synchronism with the scanning of the image whereby the scene image remains correlated with the IR-FPA readout, and whereby non-uniformities

are uncorrelated from frame position to frame position, wherein the reading out the frame is accomplished at least in part by electronic circuits that comprise the IR-FPA and that define boundaries of a currently selected frame of pixels; and

subtracting a non-uniformity signal component from the signals read out from the frame.

17. A method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the pattern is a Lissajous pattern.

18. A method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the step of subtracting is accomplished during the execution of a scene based nonuniformity correction algorithm.