Wide-viewing angle multi-domain halftone active matrix liquid crystal display having compensating retardation
First Claim
1. A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display comprising:
- a first substrate;
a second substrate overlapping, approximately parallel to and at a first distance from said first substrate;
a plurality of pixels situated on and between said first and second substrates;
a first polyimide alignment layer formed on said first substrate, having a first plurality of areas;
a second polyimide alignment layer formed on said second substrate, having a second plurality of areas;
wherein;
each pixel of said plurality of pixels, each area of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer, and each area of said second plurality of areas of said second polyimide alignment layer, are approximately the same size in area, and overlap one another, and are aligned with one another, in a one-to-one fashion;
each area of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer has an alignment direction that is at an approximately 180 degree angle to an alignment direction of adjacent areas of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer;
each area of said second plurality of areas of said second polyimide alignment layer has an alignment direction approximately 90 degrees different from an alignment direction of the area of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer that overlaps the area of said second plurality of areas; and
each pixel of said plurality of pixels, comprises a plurality of subpixels wherein each subpixel has a different turn-on voltage from turn-on voltages of other subpixels of said plurality of subpixels such that an intensity of each pixel changes for different voltages applied to the pixel to provide grayscale capability of the pixel.
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Abstract
A multi-domain halftone gray scale active matrix liquid crystal display utilizing a mono-gap configuration for achieving a very wide viewing angle at a low-cost. The substrate of the display has areas having a rub or an alignment of different directions from the direction of the rub or alignment in other adjacent areas. Each pixel of the gray scale matrix has a plurality of subpixels such that each subpixel turns on at a different voltage than that of the other subpixels. The areas involving different rubs or alignments on the substrates may be areas of pixels or subpixels. At least one compensating retardation layer is formed on the display. The technique of enabling the combining of multiple domains and compensation with halftone grayscale pixels results in a display having significantly wider viewing angles than either a multi-domain display or a halftone grayscale display, whether compensated for or not.
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Citations
21 Claims
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1. A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display comprising:
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a first substrate; a second substrate overlapping, approximately parallel to and at a first distance from said first substrate; a plurality of pixels situated on and between said first and second substrates; a first polyimide alignment layer formed on said first substrate, having a first plurality of areas; a second polyimide alignment layer formed on said second substrate, having a second plurality of areas; wherein; each pixel of said plurality of pixels, each area of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer, and each area of said second plurality of areas of said second polyimide alignment layer, are approximately the same size in area, and overlap one another, and are aligned with one another, in a one-to-one fashion; each area of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer has an alignment direction that is at an approximately 180 degree angle to an alignment direction of adjacent areas of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer; each area of said second plurality of areas of said second polyimide alignment layer has an alignment direction approximately 90 degrees different from an alignment direction of the area of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide alignment layer that overlaps the area of said second plurality of areas; and each pixel of said plurality of pixels, comprises a plurality of subpixels wherein each subpixel has a different turn-on voltage from turn-on voltages of other subpixels of said plurality of subpixels such that an intensity of each pixel changes for different voltages applied to the pixel to provide grayscale capability of the pixel. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display comprising:
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a first substrate; a plurality of pixels situated on said first substrate; wherein; each pixel of said plurality of pixels has a first ITO layer, divided up into a plurality of subpixels having subpixel electrodes formed on a first surface of a dielectric layer; and a second ITO layer formed on said first substrate, said ITO layer divided up in to a plurality of various sized control electrodes, each control ITO electrode situated on a second surface of said dielectric layer, and each control ITO electrode proximate to a subpixel electrode of the plurality of subpixel electrodes, one subpixel electrode and one control electrode forming a subpixel control capacitor, for each subpixel; a first polyimide layer formed on said plurality of pixels, having a first plurality of areas, each area of said plurality of areas being approximately a same size of and congruent to an area of a pixel of said plurality of pixels, each area of the first plurality of areas of said first polyimide layer having an alignment direction different from an alignment direction of each adjacent area of the first plurality of areas of said first polyimide layer; a second glass substrate; a common ITO electrode layer formed on said second glass substrate; a second polyimide layer formed on said common ITO electrode layer, parallel to said first polyimide layer, having a second plurality of areas, each area of said second plurality of areas being approximately a same size of and congruent to an area of said first plurality of areas, each area of said second plurality of areas of said second polyimide layer having an alignment direction different from an alignment direction of an area of said first plurality of areas of said first polyimide layer, that is approximately congruent to the respective area of said second plurality of areas; and a layer of liquid crystal material situated between said first and second polyimide layers. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display having a plurality of pixels, wherein each pixel comprises:
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a plurality of subpixels wherein each subpixel has a voltage range of operation controlled by a control element at the subpixel in such a way that a majority of the plurality of subpixels operate in a "fully-on" (VLC >
Vs) or "fully-off" (VLC <
Vt) mode as selected by a magnitude of applied voltage, resulting in luminance of the pixel as being significantly invariable relative to viewing angle;a liquid crystal layer, proximate to said plurality of subpixels, having a thickness; a compensative retardation film, proximate to said liquid crystal layer, for reducing dark state light leakage for off-normal viewing angles due to a birefringence of the liquid crystal layer; a first polarizer proximate to said plurality of subpixels; and a second polarizer proximate to said compensative retardation film. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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Specification