External storage system

• US 5,720,028 A
• Filed: 06/05/1996
• Issued: 02/17/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Muraoka, Kenji, Matsumoto, Yoshiko
• Primary Examiner(s): Hua, Ly
• Application Number:
  US08/660,685
• Time in Patent Office: 622 Days
• Field of Search: 395/182.07, 395/182.04, 395/182.03, 395/441, 395/488, 395/427
• US Class Current: 714/5.11
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1008 in individual solid state devices G06F11/1004 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2092 Techniques of failing over between control units
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/3433 for load management allocation of a server based on load conditions G06F9/505; load rebalancing G06F9/5083; redistributing the load in a network by a load balancer H04L67/1029
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2003/0697 device management, e.g. handlers, drivers, I/O schedulers
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2201/85 Active fault masking without idle spares
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0601 Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems

Abstract

An external storage system has a storage unit for storing data and a plurality of storage controllers for controlling data transfer between an upper level system and the storage unit. Each storage controller has a data buffer for temporarily storing data and a controller for controlling the operation of the storage controller. The external storage system has a management memory for storing management information of the plurality of storage controllers each of which accesses this memory to monitor the operation states of other storage controllers. The external storage system has a first storage controller for processing an input-output request from the upper level system and a second storage controller for standing by for backup for a failed storage controller. In accordance with load distribution information stored in the management memory, the process to be executed by the first storage controller is partially executed by the second storage controller to improve the performance of the whole external storage system.

Claims

1. An external storage system comprising:

a storage unit for storing data to be transferred to and from an upper level system;

a plurality of storage controllers provided between said storage unit and said upper level system for controlling data transfer between said upper level system and said storage unit; and

a management memory accessible by the plurality of storage controllers for storing management information of the plurality of storage controllers,

wherein a first storage controller for receiving an input-output request from said upper level system stores said input-output request in said management memory as load distribution information, and

a second storage controller refers to said load distribution information and processes said input/output request received by said first storage controller.

2. An external storage system according to claim 1, wherein said second storage controller stands by during backup for a failure of said first storage controller.

3. An external storage system according to claim 2, wherein said first and second storage controllers have the same address relative to said upper level system.

4. An external storage system according to claim 1, wherein:

said first and second storage controllers each has switching means for switching to one of said first and second storage controllers which controls the data transfer to and from said upper level system;

said management memory stores information on the states of said first and second storage controllers; and

said second storage controller monitors a presence/absence of a failure of said first storage controller by referring to said management memory, and when a failure of said first storage controller occurs, said switching means switches to said second storage controller to be used as the storage controller for controlling the data transfer to and from said upper level system.

5. An external storage system according to claim 4, further comprising communication means for communicating with the plurality of storage controllers, wherein when said first storage controller recovers a normal state, said first storage controller notifies said second storage controller of a recovery via said communication means and processes said input/output request received by said second storage controller by referring to said load distribution information.

6. An external storage system comprising:

a storage unit for storing data to be transferred to and from an upper level system;

a plurality of storage controllers provided between said storage unit and said upper level system for controlling data transfer between said upper level system and said storage unit, the plurality of storage controllers each having switching means for switching to one of the storage controllers which controls the data transfer to and from said upper level system; and

a management memory accessible by the plurality of storage controllers for storing information on the states of the plurality of storage controllers,

wherein a first storage controller monitors a presence/absence of a failure of a second storage controller by referring to said management memory, and the second storage controller with a failure is disconnected.

7. An external storage system according to claim 6, wherein:

the plurality of storage controllers each include a data buffer for temporarily storing the data and a data transfer controller for controlling data transfer between said upper level system and said data buffer;

the data transfer controller of said first storage controller is connected to the data buffers of said first and second storage controllers, and first and second modes are provided for data transfer to both the data buffers of the first and second storage controllers in said first mode and only to the data buffer of the first storage controller in said second mode; and

when said second storage controller is disconnected and if said first mode is selected, said first storage controller selects said second mode.

8. An external storage system according to claim 6, further comprising communication means for communicating with the plurality of storage controllers, wherein:

when said second storage controller is recovered to a normal state, said second storage controller sends a notice of recovery to said first storage controller by using said communication means, and said first storage controller selects said first mode.

9. An external storage system according to claim 6, wherein:

said first and second storage controllers each include switching means for switching to one of said first and second storage controllers which controls the data transfer to and from said upper level system; and

if said second storage controller receives an input-output request from said upper level system and said first storage controller is processing said input-output request received by said second storage controller, said second storage controller is changed to said first storage controller by said switching means as the storage controller which receives an input-output request from said upper level system.

10. An external storage system according to claim 9, further comprising communication means for communicating with the plurality of storage controllers, wherein when said second storage controller recovers a normal state, said second first storage controller notifies said first storage controller of a recovery via said communication means and processes said input/output request received by said first storage controller by referring to load distribution information.

11. An external storage system according to claim 6, wherein said management memory has data transfer mode information indicating a timing of a completion report for a write request from said upper level system whether the completion report is issued when data is written in said data buffer or when the data is written in said memory unit.

12. An external storage system comprising:

a storage unit for storing data to be transferred to and from an upper level system;

a plurality of storage controllers provided between said storage unit and said upper level system for controlling data transfer between said upper level system and said storage unit, the plurality of storage controllers each including switching means for switching to one of the storage controllers which controls the data transfer to and from said upper level system;

communication means for communicating with the plurality of storage controllers; and

a management memory accessible by the plurality of storage controllers for storing information on the states of the plurality of storage controllers,

wherein when a maintenance request is issued to the plurality of storage controllers;

a first storage controller controls the data transfer between the upper level system and the storage unit, and maintenance is performed by disconnecting a second storage controller;

when said second storage controller is recovered to a normal state, a notice of recover is sent to said first storage controller by using said communication means, and said first storage controller is changed to said second storage controller by said switching means as the storage controller for the data transfer to and from said upper level system;

said second storage controller controls the data transfer between said upper level system and said storage unit and said first storage controller recognized the notice is disconnected for maintenance; and

when said first storage controller is recovered to a normal state, a notice of recover is sent to said second storage controller by using said communication means, and said second storage controller recognizes the notice.

13. An external storage system according to claim 12, wherein:

the plurality of storage controllers each include a data buffer for temporarily storing the data and a data transfer controller for controlling data transfer between said upper level system and said data buffer;

the data transfer controller of said first storage controller is connected to the data buffers of said first and second storage controllers, and first and second modes are provided for data transfer to both the data buffers of the first and second storage controllers in said first mode and only to the data buffer of the first storage controller in said second mode;

when a maintenance request is issued to the plurality of storage controllers, and when said second storage controller is disconnected and if said first mode is selected, said first storage controller selects said second mode; and

said second storage controller recognized the recovery of said first storage controller selects said first mode.

14. An external storage system comprising:

a storage unit for storing data to be transferred to and from an upper level system;

a plurality of storage controllers provided between said storage unit and said upper level system for controlling data transfer between said upper level system and said storage unit, the plurality of storage controllers each including;

a data buffer for temporarily storing the data;

a data transfer controller for controlling data transfer between said upper level system and said data buffer and for transferring said data between said data buffers of said plurality of storage controllers including said data buffer of its own storage controllers; and

a DRV transfer controller for controlling data transfer between said data buffer and said storage unit;

a common management memory accessible by the plurality of storage controllers for storing management information of the plurality of storage controllers; and

communication means for communicating with the plurality of storage controllers.

15. An external storage system according to claim 14, wherein:

the plurality of storage controllers include a first storage controller for receiving an input-output request from said upper level system and a second storage controller for processing said input-output request received by said first storage controller; and

said first storage controller stores information on said input-output request in said common management memory as load distribution information, and said second storage controller refers to said load distribution information and processes said input-output request received by said first storage controller.

16. An external storage system according to claim 14, wherein said second storage controller writes write-requested data in said data buffer in said storage unit via the DRV transfer controller.

17. An external storage system according to claim 14, wherein:

said common management memory stores information on the states of the plurality of storage controllers; and

one of said storage controllers monitors a presence/absence of a failure in another storage controller by referring to said common management memory, and the failed storage controller is disconnected.

18. An external storage system according to claim 17, wherein:

the plurality of storage controllers include a first storage controller for receiving an input-output request from said upper level system and a second storage controller for processing said input-output request received by said first storage controller; and

when a failure occurs in said first storage controller, said switching means selects said second storage controller as the storage controller which receives said input-output request from said upper level system, and said first storage controller is disconnected.

19. An external storage system according to claim 18, wherein:

when said first storage controller is recovered to a normal state, a notice of recovery is sent to said second storage controller by using said communication means; and

said second storage controller recognized the notice stores information on said input/output request in said common management memory as load distribution information, and said first storage controller refers to said load distribution information and processes said input/output request received by said first storage controller.

20. An external storage system according to claim 14, wherein:

the plurality of storage controllers each have a first mode for data transfer between said data transfer controller and each of the data buffers of the plurality of storage controllers and a second mode for data transfer between said data transfer controller and said data buffer in the same storage controller; and

when the plurality of storage controllers operate, said first mode is selected, and when only one storage controller operates because one of the storage controllers is disconnected, said second mode is selected.