Intra-train radio communication system

• US 5,720,455 A
• Filed: 11/13/1996
• Issued: 02/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 11/13/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Westinghouse Air Brake Co (Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Air Brake Co (Westinghouse Air Brake Technologies Corporation)
• Inventors: Kull, Robert C., Klemanski, Richard S.
• Primary Examiner(s): MORANO IV, SAMUEL J
• Application Number:
  US08/747,833
• Time in Patent Office: 468 Days
• Field of Search: 246/166.1, 246/167 R, 246/169 R, 246/187 C, 340/900, 340/902
• US Class Current: 246/187.00C
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/32 Control or regulation of multiple-unit electrically-propelled vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 15/0027 Radio-based, e.g. using GSM-R
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

A radio-based system for a train including a lead transceiver unit and multiple remote transceiver units. The lead transceiver unit initiates a command by sending a command message. Each of the remote transceivers receiving the command message transmits a reply message which repeats the command message and contains the status of the sending remote. Remote transceivers not receiving the lead transceiver'"'"'s transmitted command message, but receiving a reply message from one of the other remote transceivers, transmit a reply message containing the remote'"'"'s status. The lead transceiver detects whether reply messages are received from the remote transceivers and may transmit a request in response. One or more remote transceivers may store and re-transmit reply messages from other transceivers in response to the request.

Claims

1. An intra-train radio communication system comprising:

a lead unit in a first locomotive having a first means for transmitting a command message;

a first remote unit in a second locomotive having means for receiving said command message and means for generating a first response message according to said command message, said first response message being generated in a first time slot and containing a first status message and containing a message representing said command message; and

a second remote unit in a third locomotive having means for receiving said command message, means for receiving said first response message, and means for generating a second response message according to the said message representing said command message, said second response message being generated in a second time slot and containing a second status message and containing a message representing said command message, said lead unit monitoring said first and second time slots for said first and second response messages.

2. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 1 wherein said lead unit further comprises means for inserting a destination identifier in said command message and wherein said first remote unit further comprises means for inserting a destination message in said first response message representing said destination identifier in said command message.

3. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 2 wherein said second remote unit further comprises means for storing a second remote destination identifier, and means for comparing said stored remote destination identifier with the destination identifier in said received command message and for comparing said stored remote destination identifier with the destination identifier in said received first response message, and means for responding to said command message and said first response message in accordance with said comparisons.

4. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 3 wherein said lead unit further comprises means for inserting a lead origination identifier in said command message and wherein said first remote further comprises means for inserting a first remote origination identifier in said first response message.

5. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 3 wherein said second remote unit further comprises means for detecting the lead origination identifier in said command message and for detecting the first remote origination identifier in said first response message and for discriminating between said command message and first response message in accordance with the detecting and for generating a discrimination data in response.

6. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 5 wherein said second remote unit further comprises means for transmitting said second response signal at a time selectable between a first time interval and a second time interval after receipt of any of said command message and said first response message, said selection being in accordance with said discrimination data.

7. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 1 wherein said lead unit further comprises:

means for receiving said first response message and said second response message;

means for detecting if any of said first response message and said second response message are not received within a predetermined time period after transmitting a command message; and

means for retransmitting the command message for a predetermined number of times or until both said first and second response messages have been received, whichever occurs first.

8. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 7 wherein each of said lead unit and said first and second remote units further comprise a redundant transmitting means, said first or second remote units toggling said redundant transmitting means on to transmit a respective first or second response message after receiving a predetermined number of retransmitted command messages.

9. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 7 wherein each of said lead unit and said first and second remote units further comprise a redundant transmitting means, said lead unit transmitting a command message to one of said first or second remote units to toggle said redundant transmitting means on to transmit a respective first or second response message after retransmitting the command message for the predetermined number of times.

10. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 7 wherein each of said lead unit and said first and second remote units further comprise a redundant transmitting means, said lead unit toggling the lead unit redundant transmitting means on when no response messages are received for either of said first and second remote units.

11. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 7 wherein said lead unit further comprises means for outputting a communication loss warning signal if said predetermined number is exceeded.

12. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 1 wherein said lead unit further comprises:

means for receiving said first response message and said second response message;

means for detecting if any of said first response message and said second response message are not received within a predetermined time period after a generation of a command message by said first transmitter means and for generating a request signal indicating which of said first and second response messages are not received; and

means for transmitting a response request message in accordance with said request signal.

13. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 12 wherein at least one of said first and said second remote units further comprises:

means for receiving said response request message and said at least one of said first remote unit and said second remote unit comprises means for retransmitting at least one of said first response signal and said second response signal in accordance with said response request message.

14. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 13 wherein at least one of said first remote unit and said second remote unit further comprises

means for receiving and storing one of said first remote response message and said second remote response message from the other of said first remote unit and said second remote unit;

and

means for retrieving and transmitting said stored one of said first remote response message and said second remote response message in accordance with said response request message.

15. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 1 wherein said first remote unit further comprises:

means for detecting a physical parameter representing a physical state of a locomotive associated with said first remote unit; and

means for transmitting an alarm message in response to said detected parameter.

16. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 15 wherein said lead unit further comprises means for receiving said alarm message and for transmitting an alarm acknowledgment signal in response.

17. An intra-train radio communication system according to claim 16 wherein said first remote unit further comprises means for receiving said alarm acknowledgment signal and for generating a second alarm signal in response to detecting a failure to receive said acknowledgment signal within a predetermined time after transmitting said alarm message.

18. A method for communicating and verifying commands in an intra-train radio communication system comprising the steps of:

transmitting a command message from a lead unit installed in a first locomotive;

receiving the command message in a first remote unit installed in a second locomotive;

generating a first status message in the first remote unit in accordance with a content of the command message;

transmitting a first reply message from the first remote unit during a first predetermined time period, the reply message containing the first status message and a message representing said command message;

receiving said first reply message by a second remote unit installed in a third locomotive;

generating a second status message in the second remote unit in accordance with said message representing said command message;

transmitting a second reply message from the second remote unit during a second predetermined time period, said second reply message containing the second status message; and

monitoring by the lead unit the first and second reply messages in the first and second predetermined time periods, respectively.

19. A method according to claim 18 further comprising the steps of:

detecting whether the first reply message and the second reply message are received by the lead unit;

transmitting a request message from the lead unit in accordance with a result from said detecting step;

receiving the request message in at least one of the first remote unit and second remote unit; and

retransmitting from at least one of the first unit and second remote unit at least one of the first status message and second status message in accordance with the received request message.

20. A method according to claim 19 further comprising the step of receiving the second status message in the first remote unit, and wherein said retransmitting step retransmits said received second status message from the first remote unit in accordance with the receive request message.

21. An intra-train radio communication system comprising:

a plurality of communication modules, each communication module mounted in a respective one of a plurality of locomotives in a train consist and including a radio transmitter and receiver, a control module connected to and controlling the radio transmitter and receiver, a user interface connected to the control module for inputting data and commands by a user and outputting information to the user, and a hardware interface connected to the control module for receiving inputs from and outputting commands to a locomotive in which the communication module is mounted;

one of said communications modules being designated as a lead unit and others of the plurality of communications modules being designated as remote units, the lead unit and the remote units being linked by a Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) radio channel, the lead unit and the remote units storing a unique identifier for the lead unit, the lead unit further storing unique identifiers for each of the remote units, each of the remote units storing the unique identifier for the respective remote unit, and the lead and remote units storing an index indicating a position of the unit in the train consist;

radio communication between the lead unit and the remote units being effected by sending a message having a source field containing the unique identifier for the particular sending unit, a destination field in the form of a unique identifier for a particular one of the receiving units or a broadcast identifier common to all remote units, an index field indicating the position of the unit in the train consist, a command field specifying a command to be executed by one or more of the remote units, and a status field specifying a status of an originating remote unit;

when a remote unit receives a message from the lead unit, the remote unit compares contents of the source field against the stored unique identifier for the lead unit and compares contents of the destination field against the broadcast field and the unique identifier for the remote unit and, if the source field and the stored unique identifier for the lead unit match and the destination field matches either the broadcast identifier or the unique identifier for the remote unit, the receiving remote unit executes the command in the command field and transmits a status message during a predetermined time slot assigned to the lead unit in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme, the predetermined time slot being measured as a function of a difference in the remote unit'"'"'s stored index and the index field of the received message, the status message including a rebroadcast of the transmission from the lead unit and any requested information in the status field;

but if only the source field and the stored unique identifier for the lead unit match, the remote unit transmits the status message to the lead unit without executing the command in the command field; and

the lead unit monitors predetermined time slots for each of the remote units and detects a communication failure by a remote unit failing to reply with a status message during its predetermined time slot.

22. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 21 wherein if the lead unit fails to receive a status message from any the remote units after a predetermined period of time in response to a transmission from the lead unit, the lead unit transmits a status request to a remote unit failing to transmit a status message, and repeats the transmission of the status request for a predetermined number of times or until the remote unit transmits a status message in the predetermined time slot for the remote unit, whichever comes first, but if the predetermined number of times of transmission are reached without the remote unit transmitting a status message, then via the user interface of the communication module of the lead unit a loss of communication advisory is outputted.

23. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 22 further comprising an alternative communication link interconnecting the lead unit with each of the remote units, and wherein upon detecting a loss of communication by the lead unit with a remote unit, the lead unit communicates with the remote unit via the alternative communication link.

24. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 23 wherein the alternative communication link comprises a redundant receiver and transmitter in each communication module, both receivers of each communication module being on at all times while in operation but only one of the transmitters in each communication module being on at a time, a detection of a loss of communication by the lead unit with the remote unit causing the redundant transmitter to be toggled on and the other transmitter to be toggled off in the remote unit and the remote unit transmitting a status message to the lead unit via the redundant transmitter.

25. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 24 wherein upon receiving a predetermined number of status requests from the lead unit, the remote unit toggles the redundant transmitter of the remote unit on.

26. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 24 wherein upon transmitting a predetermined number of status requests by the lead unit without receiving a status message from the remote unit, the lead unit transmits a command to the remote unit to toggle on the redundant transmitter.

27. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 21 wherein the TDMA scheme includes multiple successive TDMA frames having predetermined time slots for each of the remote units and at least one of the remote units is designated as a repeater which, in addition to transmitting a status message in the time slot for the remote unit designated as a repeater in response to receiving a transmission from the lead unit, receives a status message from another remote unit and stores the received status message from the other remote unit according to the index field in the received status message.

28. The intra-train communication system recited in claim 27 wherein the designated repeater retransmits the received and stored status message from the other remote unit in response to the transmission from the lead unit in the time slot for the other remote unit in a successive TDMA frame.

29. The intra-train communication system recited in claim 27 wherein when the lead unit does not receive a status message from a remote unit, the lead unit transmits a command to the designated repeater to transmit any stored status message from the remote unit and the designated repeater retransmits any received and stored status message from the remote unit in the time slot for the remote unit in a successive TDMA frame.

30. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 27 wherein if the lead unit fails to receive a status message from any of the remote units after a predetermined period of time in response to a transmission from the lead unit, the lead unit transmits a status request to a remote unit failing to transmit a status message, and repeats the transmission of the status request for a predetermined number of times or until the remote unit transmits a status message in the predetermined time slot for the remote unit, whichever comes first, but if the predetermined number of times of transmission are reached without the remote unit transmitting a status message, then via the user interface of the communication module of the lead unit a loss of communication advisory is outputted.

31. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 30 further comprising an alternative communication link interconnecting the lead unit with each of the remote units, and wherein upon detecting a loss of communication by the lead unit with a remote unit, the lead unit communicates with the remote unit via the alternative communication link.

32. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 31 wherein the alternative communication link comprises a redundant receiver and transmitter in each communication module, both receivers of each communication module being on at all times while in operation but only one of the transmitters in each communication module being on at a time, a detection of a loss of communication by the lead unit with the remote unit causing the redundant transmitter to be toggled on and the other transmitter to be toggled off in the remote unit and the remote unit transmitting a status message to the lead unit via the redundant transmitter.

33. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 32 wherein upon receiving a predetermined number of status requests from the lead unit, the remote unit toggles the redundant transmitter of the remote unit on.

34. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 32 wherein upon transmitting a predetermined number of status requests by the lead unit without receiving a status message from the remote unit, the lead unit transmits a command to the remote unit to toggle on the redundant transmitter.

35. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 21 wherein the hardware interface includes a sensor at each of the remote units for detecting a condition, and wherein a remote unit, upon receiving a signal from the sensor of a detected condition, generates an advisory message, checks the CSMA channel to determine if the channel is clear for a predetermined delay period and transmits the advisory message to the lead unit.

36. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 35 wherein the detected condition is an emergency condition and the advisory message is an alarm and the lead unit, upon receiving an alarm message from the remote unit, acknowledges receipt of the alarm message by transmitting an acknowledgment message to the remote unit.

37. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 36 further comprising an alternative communication link interconnecting the lead unit with each of the remote units, and wherein if the remote unit falls to receive an acknowledgment message from the lead unit within a predetermined period of time after transmitting the alarm message to the lead unit, the remote unit retransmits the alarm message to the lead unit via the alternative communication link.

38. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 37 wherein the alternative communication link comprises a redundant receiver and transmitter in each communication module, both receivers of each communication module being on at all times while in operation but only one of the transmitters in each communication module being on at a time, the remote unit toggling the redundant transmitter of the remote unit on and retransmitting the alarm message via the redundant transmitter.

39. The intra-train radio communication system recited in claim 21 wherein the unique identifiers and the index fields for each of the communication modules are input via the user interface, the index field for each remote unit defining a predetermined time slot in the TDMA scheme, the lead unit initially transmitting a link request message to the remote units prior to transmitting command messages to the remote units and, in response to the link message from the lead unit, the remote units transmitting status messages as a link reply during the predetermined time slot assigned to the remote unit to confirm communication between the lead unit and each of the remote units.

40. A method of intra-train radio communication comprising the steps of:

installing a plurality of communication modules in respective ones of a plurality of locomotives in a train consist, each communication module including a radio transmitter and receiver, a control module connected to and controlling the radio transmitter and receiver, a user interface connected to the control module for inputting data and commands by a user and outputting information to the user, and a hardware interface connected to the control module for receiving inputs from and outputting commands to a locomotive in which the communication module is mounted;

designating one of said communications modules as a lead unit and others of the plurality of communications modules as remote units;

linking the lead unit and the remote units by a Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) radio channel;

storing in the lead unit and the remote units a unique identifier for the lead unit;

storing in the lead unit unique identifiers for each of the remote units;

storing in each of the remote units the unique identifier for the respective remote unit;

storing in the lead and remote units an index indicating a position of the unit in the train consist;

sending a message between the lead unit and the remote units, the message having a source field containing the unique identifier for the particular sending unit, a destination field in the form of a unique identifier for a particular one of the receiving units or a broadcast identifier common to all remote units, an index field indicating the position of the unit in the train consist, a command field specifying a command to be executed by one or more of the remote units, and a status field specifying a status of an originating remote unit;

receiving at a remote unit a message from the lead unit;

comparing by the remote unit contents of the source field in a received message from the lead unit against the stored unique identifier for the lead unit and comparing contents of the destination field against the broadcast field and the unique identifier for the remote unit;

if the source field and the stored unique identifier for the lead unit match and the destination field matches either the broadcast identifier or the unique identifier for the remote unit, executing by the receiving remote unit the command in the command field;

transmitting by the remote unit a status message to the lead unit, the status message including a rebroadcast of the transmission from the lead unit and an indication as to whether the command has been carded out and provides the lead unit with any requested information in the status field;

the status message being transmitted in the predetermined time slot assigned to the lead unit in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme, the predetermined time slot being measured as a function of a difference in the remote unit'"'"'s stored index and the index field of the received message;

but if only the source field and the stored unique identifier for the lead unit match, then transmitting by the remote unit the status message during the predetermined time slot without executing the command in the command field; and

monitoring by the lead unit predetermined time slots for each of the remote units and detecting a communication failure by a remote unit failing to reply with a status message during its predetermined time slot.