Hybrid vehicle and its control method

• US 5,722,502 A
• Filed: 05/20/1996
• Issued: 03/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 05/24/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Kubo, Kaoru
• Primary Examiner(s): Ballato, Josie
• Application Number:
  US08/650,821
• Time in Patent Office: 652 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.6, 180/65.4, 180/65.8, 180/69.6
• US Class Current: 180/65.23
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/442 Series-parallel switching type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/445 Differential gearing distribution type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/02 including control of driveline clutches
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/20 Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 48/08 comprising bevel gears
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/914 Actuated, e.g. engaged or disengaged by electrical, hydraulic or mechanical means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/946 Characterized by control of driveline clutch

Abstract

A hybrid vehicle having as a control mode at least a continuous-type parallel series hybrid vehicle (PHV) mode and a series hybrid vehicle (SHV) mode, and a control method thereof. A torque distributing mechanism is provided to distribute the output torque of an internal combustion engine (ICE) to a generator and a motor. A braking mechanism and a clutch are provided in this order between the torque distributing mechanism and the motor. The torque distributing mechanism and the motor are connected by the clutch to keep a power transmission efficiency from the ICE to driving wheels at a high value without depending on the vehicle speed in the continuous-type PHV mode. A battery can be recharged even when the vehicle is not running, by releasing the connection between the torque distributing mechanism and the motor by the clutch. When switching to the SHV mode, the motor side output shaft of the torque distributing mechanism is stopped by the braking mechanism to prevent the ICE from overrunning. An SOC sensor is used to detect the state of charge (SOC), of the battery, and when the SOC is lowered, the control mode is forcedly or automatically switched to the SHV mode. The generated power of the generator is controlled to a very small level to substantiate creeping.

Claims

1. A control method which is implemented in a hybrid vehicle which is provided with, at least, an internal combustion engine for producing power, first and second dynamo-electric machines each on a power transmission path from said internal combustion engine to a driving wheel and electrically connected to each other, and an accumulator electrically connected to said first and second dynamo-electric machines, and said control method comprising:

a first step for determining a control mode to be used from among multiple types of control modes including at least an SHV mode and a continuous-type PSHV mode,

a second step for setting the state of said components so that the electrical connections and the mechanical connection among above-mentioned components conform with the control mode determined in the first step, and

a third step for controlling the operation of above-mentioned components according to the control mode determined in the first step and set in the second step,

said SHV mode being a mode in which, after mechanically disconnecting the internal combustion engine and the first dynamo-electric machine from the second dynamo-electric machine and the driving wheel, said second dynamo-electric machine is operated as a motor and torque obtained by the motor is used to drive the vehicle, and if necessary, said first dynamo-electric machine is operated as a generator driven by said internal combustion engine, and

said continuous-type PSHV mode being a mode in which after mechanically connecting said internal combustion engine and first dynamo-electric machine to said second dynamo-electric machine and the driving wheel, the torque produced by said internal combustion engine is used in the mechanical form to drive the vehicle, and if necessary, said first dynamo-electric machine is operated as a generator to be driven by said internal combustion engine and said second dynamo-electric machine is operated as a motor or a generator.

2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein said first step includes a determination to use said SHV mode when the state of charge of the accumulator is below a prescribed value and said continuous-type PSHV mode when the state of charge exceeds the prescribed value.

3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein said hybrid vehicle is further provided with:

a torque distributing mechanism which has an input shaft and first and second output shafts and differentially distributes the torque applied to said input shaft to the first and second output shafts;

said input shaft and the first and second output shafts being respectively connected to said internal combustion engine, said first dynamo-electric machine and a lock-and-release mechanism; and

said lock-and-release mechanism which mechanically connects or disconnects the internal combustion engine and the first dynamo-electric machine to or from the second dynamo-electric machine and the driving wheel, according to a command.

4. The control method according to claim 3, wherein said second step comprises:

a step for supplying the command to said lock-and-release mechanism according to the control mode determined in the first step, and

a step for controlling, before supplying the command to said lock-and-release mechanism, a rotation speed of said first dynamo-electric machine to synchronize a rotation speed of said second output shaft with that of said second dynamo-electric machine.

5. The control method according to claim 3, wherein

said hybrid vehicle is provided with a braking mechanism for stopping the revolution of said second output shaft according to a braking command;

and

said second step comprises;

a step for supplying the command to said lock-and-release mechanism according to the control mode determined in the first step,

a step for controlling, after supplying the command to said lock-and-release mechanism to mechanically disconnect the internal combustion engine and the first dynamo-electric machine from the second dynamo-electric machine and the driving wheel, a rotation speed of said first dynamo-electric machine to make a rotation speed of said second output shaft substantially zero, and

a step for supplying the braking command to said braking mechanism after the rotation speed of said second output shaft has become substantially zero.

6. The control method according to claim 3, wherein

said third step includes a step for operating said first dynamo-electric machine as a generator having a very small power to distribute torque necessary for simulating creeping to said second output shaft when the control mode determined in the first step is said continuous-type PSHV mode.

7. The control method according to claim 3, wherein

said third step includes a step for, when the control mode determined in the first step is said continuous-type PSHV mode, operating said first dynamo-electric machine as a generator and for controlling a generated power of the first dynamo-electric machine according to required torque so that torque corresponding to the required torque to be supplied to said driving wheel is distributed to said second output shaft.

8. The control method according to claim 7, wherein

said third step includes a step for, when the control mode determined in the first step is said continuous-type PSHV mode, operating said second dynamo-electric machine as a motor to prevent a rotation speed of said internal combustion engine from being increased steeply or substantially when the required torque is actually distributed to said second output shaft.

9. The control method according to claim 1, wherein

said multiple types of control modes include a PEV mode;

said PEV mode being a mode in which, after mechanically disconnecting the internal combustion engine and the first dynamo-electric machine from the second dynamo-electric machine and the driving wheel, said second dynamo-electric machine is operated as a motor to generate a torque to drive the vehicle while said internal combustion engine and said first dynamo-electric machine are stopped.

10. A hybrid vehicle comprising:

an internal combustion engine for producing power in the form of a torque;

a first dynamo-electric machine which is operable at least as a generator;

an accumulator which is recharged with a generated power of said first dynamo-electric machine;

a second dynamo-electric machine which is operable at least as a motor when supplied with at least of the generated power of said first dynamo-electric machine and a discharged power from said accumulator;

a torque distributing mechanism for differentially distributing the torque produced by said internal combustion engine to a side of the first dynamo-electric machine and a side of a driving wheel and second dynamo-electric machine;

said second dynamo-electric machine assisting torque supplied from said internal combustion engine to said driving wheel when the torque from the internal combustion engine is being distributed through said torque distributing mechanism and supplying said driving wheel with torque generated by the second dynamo-electric machine when the torque from the internal combustion engine is not being distributed;

a lock-and-release mechanism for mechanically connecting or disconnecting said torque distributing mechanism to or from the second dynamo-electric machine;

a braking mechanism for stopping an output shaft, which is one of shafts included in said differential distributing mechanism so that the output shaft does not enter a free running state, the output shaft connecting the torque distributing mechanism to said lock-and-release mechanism and entering the free running state if a mechanical connection between said torque distributing mechanism and said second dynamo-electric machine were released without the stopping; and

a controller for changing a control mode of said hybrid vehicle from a continuous-type PSHV mode to an SHV mode by controlling said lock-and-release mechanism and said braking mechanism so that the mechanical connection between said torque distributing mechanism and said second dynamo-electric machine is released and the revolution of said output shaft is stopped, said continuous-type PSHV mode being a mode for distributing torque produced by said internal combustion engine to said driving wheel and said first dynamo-electric machine, and said SHV mode being a mode for distributing the torque produced by said internal combustion engine to said first dynamo-electric machine only.

11. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 10, wherein when the control mode of said hybrid vehicle is said continuous-type PSHV mode and acceleration of the hybrid vehicle is not necessary, said controller causes said first dynamo-electric machine to generate a very small power so as to supply said driving wheel with torque simulating creeping.

12. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 10, wherein when said continuous-type PSHV mode is to be switched to said SHV mode, said controller makes said internal combustion engine idle and adjusts a rotation speed of said first dynamo-electric machine to synchronize a rotation speed of said output shaft to that of said second dynamo-electric machine, releases the mechanical connection between said torque distributing mechanism and said second dynamo-electric machine by said lock-and-release mechanism after synchronizing, adjusts the rotation speed of said first dynamo-electric machine to make the rotation speed of said output shaft substantially zero after releasing, and stopping the revolutions of said output shaft by the braking mechanism after zero control.

13. The hybrid vehicle according to claim 10, wherein said controller forces the control mode to switch from said continuous-type PSHV mode to said SHV mode when a state of charge of said accumulator is lowered to below a prescribed level.