Airborne tethered sensor system

• US 5,722,618 A
• Filed: 08/20/1996
• Issued: 03/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 08/16/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Original Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Inventors: Spadoni, Aldo, Jacobs, Delbert H., Kamiya, Eiichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Barefoot, Galen L.
• Application Number:
  US08/700,140
• Time in Patent Office: 560 Days
• Field of Search: 244/1 R, 244/2, 244/3, 244/137.1, 244/138 R, 364/4, 364/14, 258/1.4, 258/1.1
• US Class Current: 244/137.1
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 1/00 Dropping, ejecting, releasing, or receiving articles, liquids, or the like, in flight with respect to weapon sights devices F41G takes precedence, parachutes per se B64D17/00; ejectable seats B64D25/10; ejectable capsules B64D25/12; refuelling during flight B64D39/00; launching apparatus for projecting projectiles or missiles F41F1/00, F41F7/00; rocket or torpedo launchers F41F3/00
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 9/00 Equipment for handling freight; Equipment for facilitating passenger embarkation or the like emergency equipment B64D17/00, B64D19/00, B64D25/00; structures integral with fuselage to facilitate loading, fuselage floors specially adapted for freight, steps mounted on and retractable within aircraft B64C; ground installations B64F
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/101 specially adapted for aircraft

Abstract

An airborne sensor system and method for placing a tethered payload in a near-stationary horizontal and vertical position at a desired location in relation to a target. The system includes an aircraft flying in a near-circular flight path, a tether connected at a first end to the aircraft and at a second end to a payload section, and an electronic device or devices for determining the location of the payload section. In addition, the airborne sensor system may include an apparatus for moving the payload section horizontally to the desired location and maintaining it at that location, independent of moving the aircraft.

Claims

1. An airborne sensor system for placing a tethered payload in a near-stationary horizontal and vertical position at a desired location in relation to a target on the ground, comprising:

(a) an aircraft flying in a near-circular flight path;

(b) a tether connected at a first end to the aircraft;

(c) a payload section connected to a second end of the tether; and

,

(d) an electronic sensor disposed in the payload section for determining the location of the payload section in relation to the ground.

2. The airborne sensor system according claim 1, wherein the electronic sensor comprises

a global positioning system navigator apparatus for determining the global coordinates of the payload section and for facilitating the repositioning of the aircraft such that the global coordinates of the payload section closely correspond to predetermined global coordinates of the desired location, thereby allowing for the placement of the payload section in the near-stationary horizontal position at approximately the desired location.

3. The airborne sensor system according to claim 2, further comprising:

sensors disposed in the payload section for detecting emanations from the target and determining a location of the target in relation to the payload section, so as to facilitate a second repositioning of the aircraft to move a center of the near-circular flight path over one of (i) the target, or (ii) a location having a predetermined offset from the target, thereby allowing for the precision placement of the payload section in the near-stationary horizontal position in relation to the target.

4. The airborne sensor system according to claim 3, further comprising:

(a) means for emitting reflective signals wherein the reflective signals reflect off of the target and are detected by the sensors disposed in the payload section.

5. The airborne sensor system according to claim 3, wherein the sensors include:

video equipment for detecting reflected light emanating from the target.

6. The airborne sensor system according to claim 3 further comprising:

(a) means for vertical repositioning the payload section in relation to the target; and

wherein,

(b) the electronic sensor further comprises a sensor for determining the altitude of the payload section and for facilitating vertical repositioning of the payload by the vertical repositioning means, thereby allowing for the precision placement the payload section in the near-stationary vertical position in relation to the target.

7. The airborne sensor system according to claim 6, wherein the vertical repositioning means comprises:

a winch disposed in the aircraft for reeling out the tether to lower the payload section from the aircraft, and for reeling in the tether to raise the payload section toward the aircraft.

8. The airborne sensor system according to claim 6, wherein the vertical repositioning means comprises:

a winch disposed in the payload section for reeling out the tether to lower the payload section away the aircraft, and for reeling in the tether to raise the payload section toward the aircraft.

9. The airborne sensor system according to claim 3, further comprising:

means for moving the payload section horizontally to a location and maintaining the payload section at the location, independent of moving the aircraft.

10. The airborne sensor system according to claim 9, wherein the moving means comprises:

(a) a controllable thrust device disposed in the payload section and rotatable about the circumference of the payload section; and

,

(b) means for controlling the thrust device so as allow the thrust device to be rotated to a point on the circumference of the payload section and activated, to push the payload section in a direction corresponding to the desired location and maintain the payload section at the desired location.

11. The airborne sensor system according to claim 9, wherein the moving means comprises:

(a) a plurality of controllable thrust devices disposed about the circumference of the payload section; and

,

(b) means for controlling the thrust devices, the controlling means being capable of causing at least one of the thrust devices to be activated so as to push the payload section in a direction corresponding to the desired location and maintain the payload section at the desired location.

12. The airborne sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising:

(a) means for vertical repositioning the payload section in relation to the target; and

wherein,

(b) the electronic sensor is adapted for determining the altitude of the payload section and for facilitating vertical repositioning of the payload by the vertical repositioning means, thereby allowing for the placement of the payload section in the near-stationary vertical position at approximately the desired location.

13. The airborne sensor system according to claim 12, wherein the vertical repositioning means comprises:

a winch disposed in the aircraft for reeling out the tether to lower the payload section from the aircraft, and for reeling in the tether to raise the payload section toward the aircraft.

14. The airborne sensor system according to claim 12, wherein the vertical repositioning means comprises:

a winch disposed in the payload section for reeling out the tether to lower the payload section away the aircraft, and for reeling in the tether to raise the payload section toward the aircraft.

15. The airborne sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising:

means for moving the payload section horizontally to a location corresponding to the desired location and maintaining the payload section at the desire location, independent of moving the aircraft.

16. The airborne sensor system according to claim 15, wherein the moving means comprises:

(a) a controllable thrust device disposed in the payload section and rotatable about the circumference of the payload section; and

,

(b) means for controlling the thrust device so as allow the thrust device to be rotated to a point on the circumference of the payload section and activated, to push the payload section in a direction corresponding to the desired location and maintain the payload section at the desired location.

17. The airborne sensor system according to claim 15, wherein the moving means comprises:

(a) a plurality of controllable thrust devices disposed about the circumference of the payload section; and

,

(b) means for controlling the thrust devices, the controlling means being capable of causing at least one of the thrust devices to be activated so as to push the payload section in a direction corresponding to the desired location and maintain the payload section at the desired location.

18. A method for placing a tethered payload in a near-stationary horizontal and vertical position at a desired location in relation to a target on the ground, comprising the steps of:

(a) flying an aircraft in a near-circular flight path;

(b) suspending a payload section from the aircraft on a tether connected at a first end to the aircraft and on a second end of the payload section;

(c) determining the location of the payload section in relation to the ground using an electronic sensor disposed in the payload section; and

,

(d) repositioning the payload section to minimize any difference existent between the location of the payload section and the desired location.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein:

(a) the step of determining the location of the payload section comprises determining the global coordinates of the payload section with the electronic sensor, said electronic sensor comprising a global positioning system navigator apparatus; and

,

(b) the step of repositioning the payload section comprises utilizing the global coordinates of the payload section to reposition the aircraft such that the global coordinates of the payload section closely correspond to predetermined global coordinates of the desired location, thereby allowing for the placement of the payload section in the near-stationary horizontal position an approximately the desired location.

20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising the steps of:

(a) detecting emanations from the target using sensors disposed in the payload section capable of detecting said target emanations;

(b) determining a location of the target in relation to the payload section; and

,

(c) repositioning of the aircraft a second time to move a center of the near-circular flight path over one of (i) the target, or (ii) a location having a predetermined offset from the target, thereby allowing for the precision placement of the payload section in the near-stationary horizontal position at the desired location in relation to the target.

21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the step of:

emitting reflective signals wherein the reflective signals reflect off of the target and are detected by the sensors disposed in the payload section.

22. The method according to claim 20, wherein:

(a) the step of determining the location of the payload section further comprises determining the altitude of the payload section using a sensor disposed in the payload section; and

(b) the step of repositioning the payload section further comprises the step of changing at least one of (i) a length of the tether, (ii) a speed off the aircraft, (iii) an altitude of the aircraft, and (iv) a vertical position of the payload section using a vertical thruster device disposed in the payload section, such that the payload section is placed in the near-stationary vertical position at the desired location and wind-caused vertical oscillations of the payload section are minimized.

23. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the step of:

moving the payload section horizontally to a location corresponding to the desired location and maintaining the payload section at the desired location, independent of moving the aircraft.

24. The method according to claim 18 wherein:

(a) the step of determining the location of the payload section comprises determining the altitude of the payload section; and

(b) the step of repositioning the payload section comprises the step of changing at least one of (i) a length of the tether, (ii) a speed off the aircraft, (iii) an altitude of the aircraft, and (iv) a vertical position of the payload section using a vertical thruster device disposed in the payload section, such that the payload section is placed in the near-stationary vertical position at the desired location and wind-caused vertical oscillations of the payload section are minimized.

25. The method according to claim 24 wherein the step of changing the length of the tether comprises:

reeling out the tether using a winch disposed in the aircraft to lower the payload section from the aircraft, and reeling in the tether with the winch to raise the payload section toward the aircraft.

26. The method according to claim 24 wherein the step of changing the length of the tether comprises:

reeling out the tether using a winch disposed in the payload section to lower the payload section away the aircraft, and reeling in the tether with the winch to raise the payload section toward the aircraft.

27. The method according to claim 24 wherein the step of changing the speed off the aircraft comprises:

(a) increasing the speed of the aircraft whenever the aircraft is flying downwind; and

,

(b) decreasing the speed of the aircraft whenever the aircraft is flying upwind.

28. The method according to claim 24 wherein the step of changing the altitude of the aircraft comprises:

(a) increasing the altitude of the aircraft whenever the aircraft is flying downwind; and

,

(b) decreasing the altitude of the aircraft whenever the aircraft is flying upwind.

29. The method according to claim 24 wherein the step of changing the vertical position of the payload section using a vertical thruster device, comprises:

activating the vertical thruster device to push the payload section vertically to a location corresponding to the desired location and maintaining the payload section at the desired location.

30. The method according to claim 18, further comprising the step of:

moving the payload section horizontally to a location corresponding to the desired location and maintaining the payload section at the desired location, independent of moving the aircraft.

31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the step of moving the payload section horizontally, independent of moving the aircraft, comprising:

employing a controllable thrust device disposed in the payload section and rotatable about the circumference of the payload section, and a means for controlling the thrust device so as to allow the thrust device to be rotated to a point on the circumference of the payload section and activated, to push the payload section in a direction corresponding to the desired location and maintain the payload section at the desired location.

32. The method according to claim 30, wherein the step of moving the payload section horizontally independent of moving the aircraft comprising:

employing a plurality of controllable thrust devices disposed about the circumference of the payload section, and a means for controlling the thrust devices, said controlling means being capable of causing at least one of the thrust devices to be activated so as to push the payload section in a direction corresponding to the desired location and maintain the payload section at the desired location.