Method of fabricating emulsion freeze-dried scaffold bodies and resulting products

• US 5,723,508 A
• Filed: 01/25/1996
• Issued: 03/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Northwestern University
• Original Assignee: Northwestern University
• Inventors: Whang, Kyumin, Thomas, Carson H., Healy, Kevin E.
• Primary Examiner(s): COONEY, JOHN M
• Application Number:
  US08/591,094
• Time in Patent Office: 768 Days
• Field of Search: 521/61, 521/64, 521/131, 521/149, 424/489, 424/501
• US Class Current: 521/61
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/18 obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/54 Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances A61L27/227 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/56 Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 27/58 Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2367/04 Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones C08J2367/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 9/26 by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 67/04 Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones C08L67/06 takes precedence

Abstract

Scaffold bodies and methods for their fabrication are disclosed, and, more particularly, fabrication of scaffold bodies by freeze-drying emulsion of polymer solutions are disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of fabricating a porous molded scaffold body, comprising the steps of:

(a) preparing an emulsion with a polar solvent dispersed in a non-polar solvent which is immiscible with said polar solvent, said non-polar solvent having dissolved therein from 5 to 20 parts by weight of a biocompatible polymer per each 100 parts total volume of both solvents, said polymer being insoluble in the dispersed polar solvent and forming a solid upon freeze-drying;

(b) freezing said emulsion in a mold under conditions which convert both of said solvents to solids without breaking the emulsion or throwing the polymer out of solution, thereby obtaining a solid frozen body of molded shape;

(c) subjecting the resulting molded frozen body to freeze-drying under conditions which convert the entire body to a porous solid; and

(d) continuing the freeze-drying until said entire body is a porous open-celled body.

2. The method of claim 1 in which the polar solvent is water, the non-polar solvent is methylene chloride, and the polymer is selected from polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and copolymers thereof.

3. The method of claim 2 in which said polymer is a copolymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid.

9. The porous, molded scaffold bodies produced by the method of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.

4. A method of fabricating a porous molded scaffold body for delivery of a therapeutic agent, comprising the steps of:

(a) preparing an emulsion with a polar solvent dispersed in a non-polar solvent which is immiscible with said polar solvent, said polar solvent containing a water-soluble therapeutic agent, the non-polar solvent having dissolved therein from 5 to 20 parts by weight of a biocompatible polymer per each 100 parts by volume of the total solvents, said polymer being insoluble in said polar solvent and forming a solid on removing the non-polar solvent;

(b) introducing a portion of said emulsion into a mold in which it can be frozen;

(c) freezing said emulsion in said mold under conditions which convert both of said solvents to solids without breaking the emulsion or throwing the polymer out of solution, thereby obtaining a solid frozen body of molded shape;

(d) subjecting the resulted molded frozen body to freeze-drying under conditions which remove said solvents and convert the entire body to a porous solid; and

(e) continuing the freeze-drying until said body is a porous open-celled body having a molded shape.

5. The method of claim 4 in which said non-polar solvent is selected from methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, toluene, and mixtures thereof, said polar solvent is selected from water, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, and mixtures thereof, and said therapeutic agent is a water-soluble protein.

6. The method of claim 4 in which the polar solvent is water, the non-polar solvent is methylene chloride, the polymer is a co-polymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid, and the therapeutic agent is a water-soluble bone morphogenetic agent.

7. A method of fabricating a porous molded scaffold body, comprising the steps of:

(a) preparing an emulsion with an aqueous phase dispersed in non-polar volatile liquid solvent phase which is immiscible with water, said aqueous phase having a volume of from 20 to 60 parts per 100 total parts by volume of both the aqueous phase and the non-polar solvent phase, said non-polar solvent phase having dissolved therein from 5 to 20 parts by weight of a bioabsorbable polymer per each 100 total parts by volume of both phases;

(b) introducing a portion of said emulsion into a mold in which it can be frozen;

(c) freezing said emulsion in said mold under conditions which convert both of said phases to solids without breaking the emulsion or throwing the polymer out of solution, thereby obtaining a solid frozen body of molded shape;

(d) subjecting the resulted frozen body in said mold to freeze-drying under conditions which remove said solvents, the polymer converting to a solid condition as said non-polar solvent is removed;

(e) continuing said freeze-drying until the polymer forms into a porous open-celled body having the shape of said mold; and

(f) removing the porous body from the mold to obtain the scaffold body.

8. The method of claim 7 in which the non-polar solvent is methylene chloride and the polymer is a copolymer of polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid.