Reinforced susceptor for induction or resistance welding of thermoplastic composites

• US 5,723,849 A
• Filed: 06/06/1995
• Issued: 03/03/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/05/1991
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Original Assignee: The Boeing Co.
• Inventors: Healy, James, deJong, executor, John J., Matsen, Marc R., Brown, Ronald W., Hansen, deceased, Karl A.
• Primary Examiner(s): HOANG, TU BA
• Application Number:
  US08/469,986
• Time in Patent Office: 1,001 Days
• Field of Search: 219/609, 219/615, 219/617, 219/633, 219/634, 219/635, 219/645, 219/646
• US Class Current: 219/634
• CPC Class Codes: B21D 26/021 Deforming sheet bodies
• CPC Class Codes: B21D 26/025 Means for controlling the clamping or opening of the moulds
• CPC Class Codes: B21D 26/053 characterised by the material of the blanks
• CPC Class Codes: B21D 26/055 Blanks having super-plastic properties
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2003/1046 with separating means for articles to be sintered
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2003/1053 by induction
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2998/00 Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/105 by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma B22F3/11 takes precedence; by ultrasonic bonding B22F3/115 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 3/18 by using pressure rollers
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 1/002 Soldering by means of induction heating
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 20/023 Thermo-compression bonding
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2101/18 Sheet panels
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2035/0811 using induction
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2043/3233 exerting pressure on mould parts
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2043/3655 Pressure transmitters, e.g. caul plates; pressure pads
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 33/06 using radiation , e.g. electro-magnetic waves, induction heating
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 33/08 for dielectric heating
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 33/60 Releasing, lubricating or separating agents in general C10M
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 35/08 by wave energy or particle radiation B29C64/00, B29C71/04 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 43/3642 Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 43/52 : Heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/18 : using heated tools
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/32 : Induction
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/34 : using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/3476 : being metallic
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/3492 : being carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/3644 : being a ribbon, band or strip
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/3668 : characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/3676 : being metallic
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/368 : with a polymer coating
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/4815 : Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/4875 : being spherical, e.g. particles or powders
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 65/489 : being metals
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/1122 : Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints B29C66/45, B29C66/472, B29C66/52272 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/524 : Joining profiled elements
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/54 : Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/634 : using an inflatable core
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/71 : characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined welding bar compositions B29C65/125
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/721 : Fibre-reinforced materials B29C66/729 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/7212 : characterised by the composition of the fibres
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/72141 : Fibres of continuous length
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/72143 : Fibres of discontinuous lengths
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/7392 : characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/7394 : characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/8122 : characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81261 : Thermal properties, e.g. thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81457 : comprising a block or layer of deformable material, e.g. sponge, foam, rubber pressing elements supported or backed-up by resilient material B29C66/8161
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81811 : of the welding jaws
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/81821 : of the welding jaws
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/8223 : Worm or spindle mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/8322 : Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/929 : characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 66/949 : characterised by specific time values or ranges
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/44 : using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/506 : and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres B29C70/508 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/542 : Placing or positioning the reinforcement in a covering or packaging element before or during moulding, e.g. drawing in a sleeve
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2061/00 : Use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2063/00 : Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2071/00 : Use of polyethers , e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2079/08 : PI, i.e. polyimides or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2079/085 : Thermoplastic polyimides, e.g. polyesterimides, PEI, i.e. polyetherimides, or polyamideimides; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2081/06 : PSU, i.e. polysulfones; PES, i.e. polyethersulfones or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/0854 : in the form of a non-woven mat
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2307/04 : Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2883/00 : Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only, in the main chain, as mould material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2909/02 : Ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2305/024 : Honeycomb
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2309/62 : Inert
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2310/0812 : using induction
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 37/06 : characterised by the heating method
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 3/18 : Spars; Ribs; Stringers
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 3/185 : Spars
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 2205/12 : Hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: C22C 47/00 : Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
• CPC Class Codes: C22C 47/068 : Aligning wires
• CPC Class Codes: C22C 47/20 : by subjecting to pressure and heat an assembly comprising at least one metal layer or sheet and one layer of fibres or filaments
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 2206/023 : using the curie point of the material in which heating current is being generated to control the heating temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 6/365 : using supplementary conductive or ferromagnetic pieces
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 : Process efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/40 : Weight reduction

Abstract

A fiber reinforcement fabric contains a metal susceptor strip paired with each warp thread and woven with the weave thread to produce a thermoplastic welding susceptor of separated and electrically isolated, longitudinal metal strips and fiber reinforcement in the weld.

Claims

1. A reinforced susceptor for thermoplastic welding to improve bond strength by integrating a metal strip of the susceptor with fiber reinforcement, comprising:

a woven fabric having a plurality of weave fibers and a plurality of warp fibers, each warp fiber paired in overlying relationship with a metal strip to form warp fiber metal strip pairs, each metal strip having a head and a tail, such that the orientation of the metal strip to the warp fiber for each warp fiber/metal strip pair across the fabric is an alternating pattern having the metal strip adjacent to a first weave fiber for a first warp fiber/metal strip pair and having the metal strip displaced from the weave fiber by the warp fiber for the next warp fiber/metal strip pair to complete a woven style, the weave fiber electrically separating the metal strips from one another across the width of the fabric.

2. The susceptor of claim 1 wherein the warp and weave fibers are carbon fibers.

3. The susceptor of claim 2 wherein the metal strips are copper ribbons of about 0.10-0.20 in width and about 0.005-0.050 in thick.

4. The susceptor of claim 1 wherein the warp fiber is fiber a tow of fibers having a combined width substantially the same as the metal strip.

5. The susceptor of claim 1 further comprising a thermoplastic resin covering the fabric to form a prepreg.

6. The susceptor of claim 1 further comprising intermediate transverse metal strips spanning a gap between and connected with adjacent metal strips.

7. A method for thermoplastic welding two prefabricated resin composites to form a completed part, comprising the steps of:

(a) assembling a preform of the composites with a prepreg of claim 5 to define a bondline in the completed part;

(b) placing the preform in an induction heating workcell, having a solenoid induction coil made from segments embedded in matching dies, the preform being positioned generally along the centerline of the coil;

(c) aligning metal strips in the prepreg with the induction coil segments of a solenoid induction heating coil;

(d) connecting each metal strip from its head to tail to define loop circuits for induced currents; and

(e) energizing the induction coil to heat the metal strips by induction thereby to melt thermoplastic resin in the prepreg and composites and to form a thermoplastic fusion bond between the composites in the completed part.

8. The susceptor of claim 1 wherein the warp fiber and the metal strip with which the warp fiber is paired have substantially the same width.

9. A method for thermoplastic welding two prefabricated, thermoplastic resin composites to form a completed part, comprising the steps of:

(a) assembling a preform of the composites on opposite sides of a susceptor to define a bondline in the completed part, the susceptor including a thermoplastic resin-impregnated woven fabric containing warp fibers and weave fibers interwoven to form the fabric and one warp metal foil strip paired with each warp fiber;

(b) placing the preform from step (a) in a heating cavity in an induction heating workcell, the workcell having induction coil segments in matching dies electrically connectable to form an induction coil encircling the heating cavity along the centerline of the coil;

(c) substantially aligning the metal foil strips with the induction coil segments;

(d) connecting the metal foil strips together to define loop circuits for induced currents; and

(e) energizing the induction coil to heat the metal foil strips by induction and, thereby, to melt the thermoplastic resin in the resin-impregnated woven fabric and the composites along the bondline to form a thermoplastic fusion bond between the composites in the completed part.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the resin in the composites is the same as the resin in the susceptor.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein each metal strip in the susceptor is adjacent to each weave fiber across the woven fabric.

12. The welded product obtained by the method of claim 10.

13. The method of claim 9 wherein the metal strips have a Curie temperature slightly above a temperature at which the resin melts.

14. The method of claim 9 wherein the metal strips have a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to the resin composites.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the metal strips have a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to the resin composites.

16. The welded product obtained by the method of claim 9.

17. The welded product of claim 16 wherein the metal strips are about 0.10-0.20 inches wide.

18. The welded product obtained by the method of claim 13.

19. The welded product obtained by the method of claim 14.

20. The welded product of claim 16 wherein the resin composites are a skin and a spar, respectively.

21. The welded product of claim 12 wherein the warp and weave fibers are carbon fibers.

22. The welded product of claim 21 wherein the resin composites are a skin and a spar, respectively.

23. The welded product of claim 20 wherein the metal strips are about 0.10-0.20 inches wide and about 0.005-0.050 inches thick.

24. The welded product of claim 23 wherein the metal strips have a Curie temperature slightly above a temperature at which resin melts and a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to the resin composites.

25. A thermoplastic weld between two prefabricated resin composite parts, the weld having improved bond strength because of fabric reinforcement, comprising:

(a) a woven fabric having a length and a width in a horizontal plane, the fabric also having a plurality of longitudinal warp fibers, each warp fiber being paired with a longitudinal metal foil strip substantially in the vertical plane to define a plurality of warp fiber/foil strip pairs, the metal foil strip/warp pairs woven in the horizontal plane with a plurality of weave fibers, each weave fiber electrically separating adjacent metal foil strips from one another across the width of the fabric, the metal foil strips being susceptible to induction hearing; and

(b) thermoplastic resin encasing the fabric and forming a reinforced thermoplastic weld between the prefabricated resin composite parts.

26. A welded composite part, comprising:

(a) two prefabricated thermoplastic composites connected with a thermoplastic fusion bond along a bondline; and

(b) a susceptor embedded within the bond, the susceptor including a woven fabric of carbon weave and warp fibers and at least one longitudinal metal foil strip paired with each warp fiber throughout the fabric.

27. The welded composite part of claim 26 wherein the thermoplastic in each composite is the same.

28. The welded composite part of claim 27 wherein the composites are a skin and a spar, respectively.

29. The welded composite part of claim 26 wherein the metal strips have a Curie temperature slightly above a temperature at which the thermoplastic melts.

30. The welded composite of claim 29 wherein the metal strips have a coefficient of thermal expansion comparable to the thermoplastic composites.

31. A reinforced, woven fabric susceptor for thermoplastic welding to improve bond strength by integrating a metal foil strip with fiber reinforcement, comprising:

(a) a fabric having a plurality of longitudinal and transverse fibers woven into a cloth; and

(b) a metal foil strip associated with each longitudinal fiber in overlying relationship to form metal foil strip/fiber pairs, the pairs being woven with the transverse fibers, the transverse fibers electrically separating the metal foil strips from one another across the fabric.

32. The weld of claim 31 further comprising intermediate transverse metal strips connecting adjacent metal foils and extending substantially parallel with the weave fibers and periodically spanning gaps between adjacent longitudinal metal foils.

33. A thermoplastic weld between two prefabricated resin composite parts, the weld exhibiting an improved bond strength for connecting the parts as compared with the strength of welds lacking fabric reinforcement, the weld comprising a thermoplastic resin containing a fabric reinforcement having warp fibers and weave fibers, wherein each warp fiber is arranged with a longitudinal metal foil to form a fiber-foil pair, wherein the weave fibers electrically separate the metal foils from one another across the width of the fabric.

34. The weld of claim 33 wherein the warp and weave fibers are carbon fibers.

35. The weld of claim 34 wherein the metal strips are copper ribbons about 0.10-0.20 inch in width and about 0.005-0.050 inch thick.

36. The weld of claim 33 wherein the warp fiber is a fiber or a tow of fibers having a width substantially the same as the metal foil.