Non-invasive calibration and categorization of individuals for subsequent non-invasive detection of biological compounds

• US 5,725,480 A
• Filed: 03/06/1996
• Issued: 03/10/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 03/06/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Abbott Laboratories
• Original Assignee: Abbott Laboratories
• Inventors: Elstrom, Tuan A., Shain, Eric B., Oosta, Gary M., Schapira, Thomas G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hindenberg, Max
• Assistant Examiner(s): WINGOOD, PAMELA LYNN
• Application Number:
  US08/611,912
• Time in Patent Office: 734 Days
• Field of Search: 128/743, 128/633, 128/664-66, 128/653
• US Class Current: 600/310
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1495 Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/442 Evaluating skin mechanical properties, e.g. elasticity, hardness, texture, wrinkle assessment
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/443 Evaluating skin constituents, e.g. elastin, melanin, water

Abstract

A process of calibrating an individual in preparation for the non-invasive measurement of an biological compound across the skin of that individual using non-ionizing radiation is provided. The process includes determining the contribution of one or more skin parameters to the absorption and transmittance data and correcting the subsequent non-invasive measurement of the biological compound for the contribution of the parameter(s).

Claims

1. A process of calibrating an individual in preparation for the non-invasive measurement of a biological compound across the skin of that individual, comprising the steps of:

(a) determining the contribution of one or more skin parameters to the non-invasive measurement and (b) correcting for the contribution of the one or more skin parameters in the subsequent non-invasive measurement of the biological compound, wherein the skin parameters include at least one member selected from the group consisting of melanin, non-melanin chromophores, skin thickness, water content, fat content, temperature, blood flow, skin quality, skin elasticity, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, permeability, proteins, and amino acids, and wherein the subsequent non-invasive measurement of the biological compound requires non-ionizing radiation.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein the skin parameter is melanin.

3. The process of claim 1 wherein the biological compound is selected from glucose, hemoglobin, lipids, cholesterol or protein.

4. The process of claim 3 wherein the biological compound is glucose.

5. The process of claim 1 wherein the skin parameter is melanin.

9. The process of claim 1 wherein the correction for the biological compound is done immediately before the non-invasive measurement.

10. The process of claim 1 wherein the correction for the biological compound is stored in an instrument.

6. A process of calibrating an individual in preparation for the non-invasive measurement of a biological compound across the skin of that individual, comprising the steps of:

(a) determining the contribution of one or more skin parameters to the non-invasive measurement and (b) correcting for the contribution of the one or more skin parameters in the subsequent non-invasive measurement of the biological compound wherein the skin parameter is melanin, wherein the subsequent non-invasive measurement of the biological compound requires non-ionizing radiation, and wherein the contribution of melanin to the absorption and transmittance of non-ionizing radiation is accomplished by determining the absorption and scattering coefficients of melanin.

7. The process of claim 6 wherein the absorption and scattering coefficients of melanin are determined using diffuse reflective or frequency domain measurements of melanin.

8. The process of claim 7 wherein the biological compound is glucose.