Metal complexes for use as gas generants
First Claim
1. A gas generating composition formulated from ingredients comprising:
- at least one complex of,a metal cation,ammonia ligand, andsufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the metal complex,wherein said composition contains about 48.5% to less than about 100% by weight of said complex; and
at least 0.1% by weight of at least one additional ingredient selected for inclusion said gas generating composition.
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Abstract
Gas generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a metal cation template, a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex. The complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts, nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. A binder and co-oxidizer can be combined with the metal complexes to improve crush strength of the gas generating compositions and to permit efficient combustion of the binder. Such gas generating compositions are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.
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Citations
76 Claims
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1. A gas generating composition formulated from ingredients comprising:
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at least one complex of, a metal cation, ammonia ligand, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the metal complex, wherein said composition contains about 48.5% to less than about 100% by weight of said complex; and at least 0.1% by weight of at least one additional ingredient selected for inclusion said gas generating composition. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 36, 39, 46, 50, 51, 53)
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14. A gas generating composition formulated from ingredients comprising:
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at least one complex of a metal cation ammonia ligand, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the metal complex, wherein said composition contains about 50% to about 80% by weight of said complex and said anion; a binder and a co-oxidizer such that the binder has a concentration in the gas generating composition from 0.5% to 10% by weight; and a co-oxidizer in an amount of from 5% to 50% by weight of said gas generant composition.
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32. A gas generating device containing a gas generating composition, wherein said
gas generating composition comprises a complex of a transition metal cation or alkaline earth metal cation and ammonia ligand, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex, such that when said complex combusts, a mixture of gases containing nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced; - and
wherein said gas generating device has an igniter to ignite the composition. - View Dependent Claims (33, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 68, 69, 70, 76)
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34. An air bag system for a vehicle comprising:
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a collapsed, inflatable air bag; a gas-generating device connected to the air bag for inflating the air bag, wherein the gas-generating device contains a gas-generating composition formulated from ingredients comprising; a complex of a transition metal cation and ammonia ligand, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the metal cation; and an igniter to ignite the gas-generating composition. - View Dependent Claims (60, 61, 71)
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35. A vehicle equipped with a supplemental restraint system, said supplemental restraint system including an air bag system which comprises:
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a collapsed, inflatable air bag; a gas-generating device connected to the air bag for inflating the air bag, wherein the gas-generating device contains a gas-generating composition comprising; a complex of a transition metal cation and ammonia, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the metal cation; and an igniter to ignite the gas-generating composition. - View Dependent Claims (62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 74)
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37. A gas generant composition which is formulated from ingredients which comprises
at least one complex of a metal cation and at least one neutral ligand which comprises ammonia, wherein said metal cation is a transition metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the metal cation; -
at least one of binder;
ora small but effective amount of carbon powder whereby the crush strength of the composition is increased compared to the composition without the carbon powder; and optionally inorganic co-oxidizer in an amount less than 50% by weight of said composition. - View Dependent Claims (38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 52, 66, 67)
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75. A vehicle equipped with a supplemental restraint system, said supplemental restraint system including an air bag system which comprises:
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(i) a collapsed, inflatable air bag; (ii) a gas-generating device connected to the air bag for inflating the air bag, wherein the gas-generating device contains a gas-generating composition which is formulated from ingredients which comprise at least one complex of a metal cation and at least one neutral ligand which comprises ammonia, wherein said metal cation is a transition metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation, and sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the metal cation; at least one of binder;
ora small but effective amount of carbon powder whereby the crush strength of the composition is increased compared to the composition without the carbon powder; and optionally inorganic co-oxidizer in an amount less than 50% by weight of said composition; and (iii) an igniter to ignite the gas-generating composition.
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Specification