Ground detection circuit for a three wire power supply

• US 5,726,900 A
• Filed: 11/08/1995
• Issued: 03/10/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hubbell, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Hubbell, Inc.
• Inventors: Batko, Thomas James, Eckel, David Philip, Walter, Mark Richard
• Primary Examiner(s): Voeltz, Emanuel T.
• Assistant Examiner(s): DAM, TUAN QUANG
• Application Number:
  US08/554,377
• Time in Patent Office: 853 Days
• Field of Search: 364/481-483, 364/492, 364/550, 340/635, 340/650, 340/651, 340/649, 340/652, 340/506, 324/509-512, 324/522, 324/525, 324/544, 324/551, 324/555, 324/557, 361/20, 361/42, 361/45, 361/46, 361/49, 361/50, 361/54, 361/57, 361/59, 361/71, 361/78, 361/87, 361/88, 361/90, 361/92-93, 361/115, 361/98
• US Class Current: 702/60
• CPC Class Codes: H01H 47/007 with galvanic isolation between controlling and controlled circuit, e.g. transformer relay
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 41/16 in which the lamp is fed by dc or by low-frequency ac, e.g. by 50 cycles/sec ac, or with network frequencies
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/10 Controlling the light source
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/13 by using passive infrared detectors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/40 Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

Abstract

A three wire power supply circuit is provided comprising a circuit for monitoring the integrity of the ground connection of the power supply circuit. A circuit element is provided in the line-to-ground current path which conducts when current flows in the line-to-ground current path and is nonconductive when the ground connection is poor or absent. A microcontroller monitors the output of the circuit element and operates a buzzer or a light emitting diode to indicate when the ground connection is poor or absent.

Claims

1. An apparatus for monitoring a ground connection in a three wire power supply circuit which selectively connects and disconnects a load from an alternating current power source having line, neutral and ground conductors, said ground connection monitoring apparatus comprising:

generating means for generating an output signal;

control means connected between said line conductor and said ground conductor and connected to said generating means, said control means being configured to operate said generating means to generate said output signal when current flows between said line conductor and said ground conductor and to interrupt operation of said generating means when current does not flow between said line conductor and said ground conductor; and

indicating means connected to at least one of said control means and said generating means and operable in response to said output signal to indicate at least one of the presence and the absence of current flow in said ground conductor.

2. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control means comprises a processor connected to said generating means for monitoring the output of said generating means for the occurrence of said output signal, and for controlling operation of said indicating means when said output pulse is not detected.

3. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said processor is programmable to commence monitoring the output of said generating means when said power supply circuit is powered on using said power source during at least one of starting up said power supply circuit, and restarting said power supply circuit after an interruption in power from said power source.

4. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control means comprises a processor connected to said generating means for monitoring the output of said generating means for the occurrence of said output signal, and for controlling operation of said indicating means when said output pulse is detected.

5. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein said processor is programmable to commence monitoring the output of said generating means when said power supply circuit is powered on using said power source during at least one of starting up said power supply circuit, and restarting said power supply circuit after an interruption in power from said power source.

6. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said generating means comprises a first transistor, and said control means comprises a second transistor having first and second terminals thereof connected to said line conductor and to said ground conductor, respectively, and a third terminal thereof connected to said first transistor, said second transistor being biased into a conducting state when current flows in said ground conductor, said second transistor being operable to bias said first transistor into a conducting state.

7. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said indicating means is selected from the group consisting of an audible indicator and a visible indicator.

8. An apparatus for monitoring a ground connection in a three wire power supply circuit which selectively connects and disconnects a load from an alternating current power source having line, neutral and ground conductors, said ground connection monitoring apparatus comprising:

a generating circuit coupled to said line conductor and said ground conductor for generating an output signal when current flows between said line conductor and said ground conductor;

a processor connected to said generating circuit and programmable to monitor the output of said generating circuit for the occurrence of said output signal; and

an indicator connected to said processor, said processor being programmable to control said indicator to indicate a condition selected from the group consisting of the absence and presence of current flow in said ground conductor.

9. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said processor is programmable to commence monitoring the output of said generating circuit when said power supply circuit is powered on using said power source during at least one of starting up said power supply circuit, and restarting said power supply circuit after an interruption in power from said power source.

10. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said generating circuit comprises a first transistor, and further comprising a second transistor having first and second terminals thereof connected to said line conductor and to said ground conductor, respectively, and a third terminal thereof connected to said first transistor, said second transistor being biased into a conducting state when current flows between said line conductor and said ground conductor, said second transistor being operable to bias said first transistor into a conducting state.

11. A ground connection monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said indicator is selected from the group consisting of an audible indicator and a visible indicator.

12. A method of monitoring a ground connection in three wire power supply circuit which selectively connects and disconnects a load from an alternating current power source having line, neutral and ground conductors, said method comprising the steps of:

switching a circuit element in a current path comprising said line conductor and said ground conductor into a conducting state to generate an output signal when current flows through said current path, said circuit element operating in a nonconducting state and generation of said output signal being interrupted when current is not flowing through said current path;

monitoring said circuit element for said output signal to determine when said circuit element is in a conducting state; and

operating an indicator when said circuit element is in one of a conducting state and a nonconducting state.

13. A method of monitoring a ground connection as claimed in claim 12, wherein said operating step comprises generating an audible tone.

14. A method of monitoring a ground connection as claimed in claim 12, wherein said operating step comprises operating a visible indicator.

15. A method of monitoring a ground connection as claimed in claim 12, wherein said monitoring step and said operating step occur when said power supply circuit is powered on using said power source during at least one of starting up said power supply circuit, and restarting said power supply circuit after an interruption in power from said power source.

16. A method of monitoring a ground connection as claimed in claim 12, wherein said switching step comprises the step of biasing a first transistor connected to the line conductor and the ground conductor into a conducting state.

17. A method of monitoring a ground connection as claimed in claim 16, wherein said monitoring step comprises the step of monitoring the output of a second transistor connected to said first transistor and operable to conduct when said first transistor is conducting and to generate output signals, and said operating step comprises the step of operating said indicator when said output signals are detected.

18. A method of monitoring a ground connection as claimed in claim 16, wherein said monitoring step comprises the step of monitoring the output of a second transistor connected to said first transistor and operable to conduct when said first transistor is conducting and to generate output signals, and said operating step comprises the step of operating said indicator when said output signals are not detected.