Oscillating fiber optic display and imager

• US 5,727,098 A
• Filed: 01/06/1995
• Issued: 03/10/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 09/07/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Joseph M. Jacobson
• Original Assignee: Joseph M. Jacobson
• Inventors: Jacobson, Joseph M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Palmer, Phan T. H.
• Application Number:
  US08/369,695
• Time in Patent Office: 1,159 Days
• Field of Search: 385/31, 385/16, 385/38, 385/22, 385/47, 385/33, 385/115, 385/147, 340/407.1, 345/31, 345/7
• US Class Current: 385/31
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2027/0138 comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/10 Scanning systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/103 having movable or deformable optical fibres, light guides or waveguides as scanning elements light guides per se G02B6/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/017 Head mounted
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3502 involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3572 Magnetic force magnetic forces controlling reflecting elements in general G02B26/085; magneto-optic devices G02F1/09
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3578 Piezoelectric force piezoelectric forces controlling reflecting elements in general G02B26/0858; piezo-optic devices G02F1/0131
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/4226 Positioning means for moving the elements into alignment, e.g. alignment screws, deformation of the mount

Abstract

A display system includes an image light source for producing a modulated light, an optical fiber having a first end and a second end, the first end of the optical fiber being coupled to the light source, and a deflation device coupled to the second end of the optical fiber, the deflection device deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in a two-dimensional scan pattern for projecting an image onto a viewing surface from the second end of the optical fiber, wherein the projected image is related to the modulated light.

Claims

1. A display system comprising:

a light source for producing a modulated light;

an optical fiber having a first end and a second end, the first end of the optical fiber being coupled to the light source; and

a deflection device coupled to the second end of the optical fiber, the deflection device deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in a two-dimensional scanning pattern for projecting an image onto a viewing surface from the second end of the optical fiber, the projected image being related to the modulated light.

2. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a detector coupled to the first end of the optical fiber for detecting light received by the second end of the optical fiber.

3. The display system according to claim 2, wherein the detected light is coupled to the light source for projecting an image from the second end of the optical fiber related to the light detected by the detector.

4. The display system according to claim 3, wherein the detector is exclusively sensitive to ambient light and insensitive to light from the light source.

5. The display system according to claim 3, further comprising a controller disposed between the detector output and the light source for performing an image enhancement algorithm.

6. The display system according to claim 2, further comprising a light stylus for projecting a pointer light onto the viewing surface, and wherein the detector detects the pointing light received through the second end of the optical fiber.

7. The display system according to claim 6, wherein the pointer light is modulated and the detector detects the modulated pointer light received through the second end of the optical fiber, and the display system further comprises a filter coupled to an output of the detector for discriminating the detected modulated pointer light.

8. The display system according to claim 2, further comprising a wavelength selective filter disposed between the detector and the first end of the optical fiber.

9. The display system according to claim 2, further comprising an electronic notch filter or electronic frequency domain filter at the output of the detector.

10. The display system according to claim 2, wherein the detector is a photodiode.

11. The display system according to claim 2, wherein the detector is a high sensitivity photodetector selected from the group consisting of a photomultiplier tube or an avalanche photodiode.

12. The display system according to claim 2, wherein the detector is a plurality of detectors.

13. The display system according to claim 12, wherein the detectors are chromatic detectors.

14. The display system according to claim 2, further comprising a second light source, coupled to the first end of the optical fiber, for producing a second light which is projected from the second end of the optical fiber for illuminating a user'"'"'s eye, wherein the detector detects the second light illuminating the user'"'"'s eye for determining a direction of the user'"'"'s gaze.

15. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device is a parametric driver.

16. The display system according to claim 15, wherein the parametric driver includes at least one electromagnetic coil.

17. The display system-according to claim 16, wherein the parametric driver includes two electromagnetic coils which are arranged serially.

18. The display system according to claim 16, wherein the parametric driver includes two electromagnetic coils which are arranged concentrically.

19. The display system according to claim 16, wherein the at least one electromagnetic coil is driven by a doubly-modulated waveform.

20. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a frame on which the optical fiber and the viewing surface are mounted, the frame being adapted to be worn by a user.

21. The display system according to claim 20, wherein the viewing surface is a phosphor surface which is excited by light produced by the light source.

22. The display system according to claim 21, wherein the light source is a plurality of light sources, and the phosphor is a plurality of phosphors each sensitive to a different wavelength of light produced by the plurality of light sources.

23. The display system according to claim 20, wherein the viewing surface is a wavelength dependent reflective surface differentially reflecting light having a wavelength produced by the light source with respect to light having a wavelength different from the wavelength produced by the light source.

24. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising an imaging optical device at the second end of the optical fiber for adjusting the projected image so that the projected image can be viewed.

25. The display system according to claim 24, wherein the imaging optical device is selected from the group consisting of a dispersive optical device, a reflective optical device, a Fresnel optical device a graded refractive index optical device and a binary optic type optical device.

26. The display system according to claim 24, wherein the imaging optical device is attached to the second end of the optical fiber.

27. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a feedback device for detecting a position of the second end of the optical fiber and providing an indication of the detected position of the second end of the optical fiber.

28. The display system according to claim 27, wherein the feedback device is selected from the group consisting of a hall effect detector, an optical proximity detector, a strain gauge, a piezoelectric force sensing element, and a magnetic impedance detector.

29. The display system according to claim 27, wherein the feedback device comprises:

a second light source coupled to the first end of the optical fiber, the second light source emitting a second light which is projected from the second end of the optical fiber;

a reflective array disposed at the second end of the optical fiber for reflecting the second light projected from the second end of the optical fiber back to the second end of the optical fiber; and

a detector, coupled to the first end of the optical fiber for detecting the second light which is reflected by the reflective array and received by the second end of the optical fiber, for producing the indication of the detected position of the second end of the optical fiber.

30. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a plurality of light sources coupled to the optical fiber.

31. The display system according to claim 30, wherein the plurality of light sources are chromatic light sources.

32. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanically resonant device on the second end of the optical fiber, wherein mechanically resonant device and the optical fiber together have a first resonant frequency along a first dimension of the two-dimensional scanning pattern and a second resonant frequency along a second dimension of the two-dimensional scanning pattern.

33. The display system according to claim 32, wherein the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency.

34. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device comprises a plurality of piezoelectric transducer elements formed on to the second end of the optical fiber, wherein the piezoelectric transducer elements are responsive to deflection drive signals for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in the two-dimensional scanning pattern.

35. The display system according to claim 34, wherein the piezoelectric transducer elements are formed from a PVDF material in either bimorph or multimorph configuration.

36. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a controller, coupled to the deflection device and the light source, for modulating the light synchronously with the deflection of the second end of the optical fiber.

37. The display system according to claim 36, wherein the controller having an algorithm containing nonlinearity characteristics associated with the two-dimensional scanning pattern for proper synchronization of the light source.

38. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a detector coupled to the light source for regulating an intensity or a modulation of the light source.

39. The display system according to claim 38, wherein the detector is a photodetector.

40. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the light source is selected from the group consisting of a laser diode, a light emitting diode and a conductive plastic light emitting element.

41. The display system according to claim 1, further comprising a Faraday type isolator or waveplate polarizer type isolator between the light source and the first end of the optical fiber.

42. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device comprises:

a magnetic material formed on the second end of the optical fiber; and

a plurality of electromagnets arranged at the end of the optical fiber for producing a variable magnetic field which couples the magnetic material,

wherein the variable magnetic field of the electromagnets interacts with the magnetic material for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in the two-dimensional scanning pattern.

43. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the viewing surface is associated with a computer.

44. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the viewing surface is associated with a pager.

45. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device includes a piezoelectric material having high intrinsic Q, and the piezoelectric material is responsive to deflection drive signals for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in the two-dimensional scanning pattern.

46. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the second end of the optical fiber is resonantly driven by the deflection device, and the deflection device is not in continuous contact with the second end of the optical fiber.

47. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the second end of the optical fiber is driven resonantly by the deflection device, and the deflection device is in continuous contact with the second end of the optical fiber.

48. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the Q of the deflection device is decoupled from the Q of the second end of the optical fiber.

49. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device includes an impact actuator having a hammer element for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber, and a resonant structure of the second end of the optical fiber is not in continuous contact with the hammer element of the impact actuator.

50. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device includes an impact actuator having a hammer element for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber, and a resonant structure of the second end of the optical fiber is in continuous contact with the hammer element of the impact actuator.

51. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device comprises:

a first electromagnet coupled to the second end of the optical fiber for generating a first magnetic field; and

second and third electromagnets arranged at the second end of the optical fiber for producing second and third variable magnetic fields, respectively, the second and third variable magnetic fields coupling the first magnetic field,

wherein the second and third variable magnetic fields interact with the first magnetic field for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in the two-dimensional scanning pattern.

52. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device comprises a plurality of magnetostrictive transducer elements formed on the second end of the optical fiber, and an external first and second magnetic field,

wherein the magnetostrictive transducer elements are responsive to the first and second magnetic fields for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in the two-dimensional scanning pattern.

53. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the deflection device comprises

a first electrostatic device coupled to the second end of the optical fiber;

and

a second electrostatic device arranged at the second end of the optical fiber,

wherein the first and second electrostatic devices interact for deflecting the second end of the optical fiber in the two-dimensional scanning pattern.

54. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a plurality of optical fibers formed into a bundle of optical fibers, the bundle of optical fiber having a first end and a second end, the second end forming a single pixel;

wherein the light source is a plurality of light sources, each light source being coupled to a respective optical fiber of the plurality of optical fibers at the first end of the bundle of optical fibers; and

wherein the deflection device is coupled to the second end of the bundle of optical fibers, the deflection device deflecting the second end of the bundle of optical fibers in the predetermined scanning pattern for projecting the image onto the viewing surface from the second end of the bundle of optical fibers.

55. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the viewing screen is one of the group consisting of a user'"'"'s eye, a cornea and a retina.

56. The display system of claim 1, wherein at least the optical fiber is enclosed in an evacuated envelope.