Scanning-beam X-ray imaging system

• US 5,729,584 A
• Filed: 09/20/1996
• Issued: 03/17/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Airdrie Partners I LP
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Mariners, Inc. (NovaRay Medical, Inc.)
• Inventors: Fiekowsky, Peter J., Solomon, Edward G., Moorman, Jack W., Melen, Robert E., Skillicorn, Brian, Moorhouse, Abigail A., Wilent, deceased, John W.
• Primary Examiner(s): WONG, DON KITSUN
• Application Number:
  US08/718,207
• Time in Patent Office: 543 Days
• Field of Search: 378/145, 378/146, 378/137, 378/138, 378/119, 378/121, 378/4
• US Class Current: 378/146
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/06 Diaphragms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/12 Arrangements for detecting or locating foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4028 resulting in acquisition of views from substantially different positions, e.g. EBCT
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4042 K-edge filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4241 using energy resolving detectors, e.g. photon counting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4488 Means for cooling A61B6/045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/482 involving multiple energy imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/39 Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 25/0108 using radio-opaque or ultrasound markers
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/20182 Modular detectors, e.g. tiled scintillators or tiled photodiodes stacked detectors G01T1/20181
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/20183 Arrangements for preventing or correcting crosstalk, e.g. optical or electrical arrangements for correcting crosstalk
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/20185 Coupling means between the photodiode and the scintillator, e.g. optical couplings using adhesives with wavelength-shifting fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/202 the detector being a crystal
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2971 using solid state detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/025 using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 35/147 Spot size control
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 35/153 Spot position control
• CPC Class Codes: H05G 1/10 Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube supply circuits with converters in general H02M; supply circuits for emitters and amplifiers H04B1/16 - H04B1/1623
• CPC Class Codes: H05G 1/64 Circuit arrangements for X-ray apparatus incorporating image intensifiers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 378/901 Computer tomography program or processor

Abstract

An x-ray imaging system according to the present invention comprising a stepped scanning-beam x-ray source and a multi-detector array. The output of the multi-detector array is input to an image reconstruction engine which combines the outputs of the multiple detectors over selected steps of the x-ray beam to generate an x-ray image of the object. A collimating element, preferably in the form of a perforated grid containing an array of apertures, interposed between the x-ray source and an object to be x-rayed. A maneuverable positioner incorporating an x-ray sensitive marker allowing the determination of the precise position coordinates of the maneuverable positioner.

Claims

1. An imaging system comprising an x-ray source, an x-ray detector array, a monitor and a scan generator;

said x-ray source comprising an electron beam generator and an anode;

said anode comprising a target layer which emits x-ray photons when stimulated by a beam of electrons;

said scan generator comprising circuitry for controlling an electron beam generated by said electron beam generator;

said x-ray detector array comprising a plurality of detection elements, said detection elements arranged in an array forming a generally planar detection surface having a center;

said anode and said x-ray detector array positioned such that when said electron beam stimulates said target layer at a first spot, emitted x-ray photons strike a plurality of said detection elements of said x-ray detector array and when said electron beam stimulates said target layer at a second spot, emitted x-ray photons strike a plurality of said detection elements of said x-ray detector array;

said scanning beam generator including circuitry for positioning said electron beam at selected spots and causing said electron beam to dwell at said selected spots for a predetermined time period in a predetermined pattern;

said detection elements comprising means for measuring the intensity of said x-ray photons which strike said detection elements and said detector array generating an electrical signal indicative of said intensity of each of said x-ray photons striking said detection elements, said electrical signals from each of said detection elements are discretely output from said x-ray detector array;

a group of discrete electrical output is output from each of said detection elements for selected positionings of said electron beam at said selected spots on said target layer, said monitor comprising processing circuitry which generates a visual image based upon a non-successive combining of said groups of discrete electrical outputs.

2. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said detection elements of said detector array are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns.

3. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said detection elements each comprise a discrete scintillator coupled to an input end of an optical fiber, an output end of said optical fiber is coupled to a means for converting the energy from each of said light photons to said discrete electrical signals.

4. The imaging system of claim 3 wherein said scintillator comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:

YSO, LSO, BGO and plastic.

5. The imaging system of claim 3 wherein said scintillator has a generally rectangular shape.

6. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said detection elements of said x-ray detector array form a pseudo-circular configuration.

7. The imaging system of claim 1 further comprising a collimator disposed between said target layer and said detector array in close proximity to said target layer, said collimator comprising a plurality of x-ray transmissive areas, at least some of said x-ray transmissive areas substantially aligned with at least some of said selected spots.

8. The imaging system of claim 7 wherein each of said x-ray transmissive areas comprise a longitudinal axis, each of said longitudinal axes intersecting said detector array substantially at said center of said detector array.

9. The x-ray imaging system of claim 7 wherein said x-ray transmissive areas are cylindrically shaped.

10. The x-ray imaging system of claim 7 wherein said x-ray transmissive areas are hexagonally shaped.

11. The x-ray imaging system of claim 7 wherein said x-ray transmissive areas are rectangularly shaped.

12. The imaging system of claim 7 wherein said plurality of x-ray transmissive areas form a pseudo-circular array.

13. The imaging system of claim 1 wherein said x-ray detector array comprises N detectors and said processing circuitry comprises an image reconstruction engine comprising N counters, each of said N detectors provides its electrical output to one of said N counters, said counters interconnected such that said discrete electrical signals indicative of said intensity of each of said x-ray photons striking a first detector containing information about any one image pixel is input to a first counter when said electron beam is positioned at a first of said selected spots, during said positioning of said electron beam to a second of said selected spots, the contents of said first counter is input to a second counter;

during the dwell time of said electron beam at said second spot said discrete electrical signals indicative of said intensity of each of said x-ray photons striking a second one of said plurality of detectors containing information about said same one image pixel causes said second counter to increment;

during said positioning of said electron beam to a third one of said selected spots the contents of said second counter is input to a third counter, during the dwell time of said electron beam at said third spot said discrete electrical signals indicative of said intensity of each of said x-ray photons striking a third one of said plurality of detectors containing information about said same one image pixel causes said third counter to increment, and so on until all of the electrical signals containing information about said same one image pixel is combined as an image pixel value which is output from said image reconstruction engine.

14. The imaging system of claim 13 wherein said image reconstruction engine counters comprise a first counter string and a second counter string;

said first counter string interconnected to non-successively combine all of said electric signals containing information about said same one image pixel and said second counter string interconnected to non-successively combine all of said electrical signals containing information about a second image pixel substantially contemporaneously with the non-successive combining of said electrical signals in said first string.

15. An x-ray imaging system comprising an x-ray source, an x-ray detector array, a monitor and a scan generator;

said x-ray source comprising an electron beam generator, an anode and a collimator;

said anode comprising a target layer which emits x-ray photons when stimulated by a beam of electrons;

said scan generator comprising circuitry for controlling an electron beam generated by said electron beam generator;

said collimator disposed between said anode and said x-ray detector array in close proximity to said anode;

said x-ray detector array comprising a plurality of detector elements, said detector elements arranged in an array forming a generally planar detector surface having a center;

said collimator constructed of an x-ray absorbing material, said x-ray absorbing material comprising a plurality of apertures, each of said plurality of apertures comprising an axis, said axis of each of said apertures intersects said detector surface substantially at said center of said x-ray detector array and intersects said target layer;

said anode, said collimator and said x-ray detector array positioned such that when said electron beam stimulates said target layer at a first point of intersection of a first one of said axes of said apertures and said target layer, said emitted x-ray photons pass through said first aperture and strike a plurality of said detector elements of said x-ray detector array and when said electron beam stimulates said target layer at a second point of intersection of a second one of said axes of said apertures and said target layer, said emitted x-ray photons pass through said second aperture and strike a plurality of said detector elements of said x-ray detector array;

said scanning beam generator including circuitry for positioning said electron beam at said intersections of said axis and said target layer in a predetermined pattern and causing said electron beam to dwell for a predetermined period of time in an area immediately surrounding said intersections of said axes and said target layer;

each of said detector elements comprising means for converting the energy from each of said x-ray photons which strike said detector elements to electrical signals, said electrical signals from each of said detector elements are discretely output from said x-ray detector array;

a group of discrete electrical outputs is output for each positioning of the electron beam at selected intersections of said axes and said target layer, said monitor comprising processing circuitry which generates a visual image based upon a non-successive combining of said groups of discrete electrical outputs.

16. The x-ray imaging system of claim 15 wherein said apertures are cylindrically shaped.

17. The x-ray imaging system of claim 15 wherein said apertures are hexagonally shaped.

18. The x-ray imaging system of claim 15 wherein said apertures are rectangularly shaped.

19. The x-ray imaging system of claim 15 wherein said detector elements are disposed in an array approximating the shape of a circle.

20. The x-ray imaging system of claim 15 wherein said detector elements each comprise a scintillator coupled to an input end of an optical fiber, an output end of said optical fiber is coupled to a means for converting the energy from said light photons to said electrical signals.

21. An x-ray imaging system of claim 20 wherein said scintillator comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:

YSO, LSO, BGO and plastic.

22. An x-ray imaging system of claim 20 wherein said scintillator has a generally rectangular shape.

23. The x-ray imaging system of claim 15 wherein said plurality of apertures are arranged in a pseudo-circular array.