Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object

• US 5,730,925 A
• Filed: 04/18/1996
• Issued: 03/24/1998
• Est. Priority Date: 04/21/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems
• Original Assignee: EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems
• Inventors: Mattes, Thomas, Lohner, Andreas, Wilkening, Christian
• Primary Examiner(s): Tentoni, Leo B.
• Application Number:
  US08/634,171
• Time in Patent Office: 705 Days
• Field of Search: 264/113, 264/308, 264/497, 425/78, 425/135, 425/174.4, 219/121.73, 219/121.85, 419/1, 419/38, 419/44
• US Class Current: 264/497
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/28 Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/68 Cleaning or washing
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/224 for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/30 Platforms or substrates
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/49 Scanners
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/60 Planarisation devices; Compression devices
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/34 Laser welding for purposes other than joining
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 41/12 Spreading-out the material on a substrate , e.g. on the surface of a liquid
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/153 using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/188 involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control surface shaping B29C59/00; after-treatment of articles without altering their shape B29C71/00
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 40/00 Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

In an apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object by laser sintering the object is produced by successive solidification of layers of a powder material at points corresponding to a cross-section of said object using radiation for solidifying said powder material. The apparatus includes a support having a substantially plane upper side for supporting the object, a material applying device for applying a layer of the material onto the upper side or onto another layer formed on the upper side, and a solidification device for solidifying a layer of the material by irradiation. The material applying device has a coating device and a drive for displacing the coating device in a direction parallel to the upper side of the support. The coating device has a first side face, a second side face, a base surface parallel to the upper side and facing the same, a first edge portion between the first side face and the base surface, the first edge portion including a first angle of inclination with the base surface, and a second edge portion between the second side face and the base surface, the second edge portion including a second angle of inclination with the base surface, the second angle of inclination being smaller than the first angle of inclination.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object by laser sintering, whereby said object is produced by successive solidification of layers of a powder material at points corresponding to a cross-section of said object using radiation for solidifying said powder material,

said apparatus comprising

support means having a substantially plane upper side for supporting said object,

a material applying device for applying a layer of said material onto said upper side or onto another layer formed on said upper side,

said material applying device comprising a coating device and a drive for displacing said coating device in a direction parallel to said upper side of said support means,

said coating device having a first side face, a second side face, a base surface parallel to said upper side and facing the same, a first edge portion between said first side face and said base surface, said first edge portion having a first slope with respect to said base surface, and a second edge portion between said second side face and said base surface, said second edge portion having a second slope with respect to said base surface, said second slope being smaller than said first slope, and

a solidification device solidifying a layer of said material by irradiation.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second edge portions each comprise a plane surface including an angle of inclination (α

₁, α

₂) with the plane of said base surface corresponding to said first and second slope, respectively.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said angle (α

₁) corresponding to said first slope is in the range between about 60° and

70° and

the angle (α

₂) corresponding to said second slope is in the range between about 20° and

30°

.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said angle (α

₁) corresponding to said first slope is about 60° and

said angle (α

₂) corresponding to said second slope is about 30°

.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second edge portions each comprise a curved surface joining said base surface with the corresponding one of said side surfaces and having a radius of curvature (R₁, R₂) corresponding to said first and second slope, respectively, whereby a first radius of curvature (R₁) corresponding to said first slope is smaller than a second radius of curvature (R₂) corresponding to said second slope.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said first radius of curvature (R₁) is between about 0 mm and about 3 mm and the second radius of curvature (R₂) is between about 5 mm to about 10 mm.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein said first radius of curvature (R₁) is about 3 mm and said second radius of curvature (R₂) is about 10 mm.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first edge portion comprises a plane surface extending between said base surface and said first side face and said second edge portion comprises a curved surface extending between said base surface and said second side face.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first edge portion comprises a curved surface extending between said base surface and said first side face and said second edge portion comprises a plane surface extending between said base surface and said second side face.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a reservoir for said powder material above said support, said first edge portion being on a side of said coating device opposite to said reservoir.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said second edge portion is on the side of said coating device facing said reservoir.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, comprising a control means for driving said coating device in a direction parallel to said upper side of said support means with said first edge portion being on a leading side from a second position above said reservoir into a first position opposite to said reservoir for applying material onto said support means or onto a previously formed layer.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, comprising control means for driving said coating device from said first position into said second position with a leading second edge portion after solidifying said applied layer.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said coating device is made of a rigid material.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first and second side face are each substantially perpendicular to said base surface.

16. A method for producing a three-dimensional object by laser sintering using an apparatus according to claim 1, said method comprising the following steps:

a) forming and solidifying a first layer of said material;

b) smoothing and compacting said first layer by moving said coating device across said layer in a direction defined by said second edge portion parallel to said upper side of said support means;

c) applying said material onto said first layer by moving said coating device parallel to said upper side of said support means in a direction defined by said first edge portion;

d) solidifying said applied layer of said material at points corresponding to a respective cross-section of said object; and

e) repeating steps b) to d) for forming subsequent layers of said object to produce said three-dimensional object.

17. The method of claim 16, comprising lowering said support means before the smoothing and compacting step by a distance being in the range between 0 and the desired layer thickness.

18. The method of claim 16, comprising lowering said support means to a level corresponding to a desired layer thickness before applying said material.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising a reservoir for said powder material, said first edge portion being on a side of said coating device opposite to said reservoir.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, comprising a control means for driving said coating device, in a direction parallel to said upper side of said support means with said first edge portion being on a leading side, from a second position above said reservoir into a first position opposite to said reservoir for applying material onto said support means or onto a previously formed layer.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said coating device is made of metal.

19. A method of producing a three-dimensional object by successive solidification of layers of a building material at points corresponding to a cross-section of said object by irradiation, said method comprising the following steps:

a) forming and solidifying a layer of said material;

b) smoothing and compacting said solidified layer;

c) applying said building material to said solidified layer;

d) solidifying said applied material at points corresponding to a respective cross-section of said object; and

e) repeating steps b) to d) for forming subsequent layers of said object to produce said three-dimensional object.